## KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Arithmetic Progressions Ex 1.3

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Arithmetic Progressions Ex 1.3 are part of KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Maths Solutions. Here we have given Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Arithmetic Progressions Exercise 1.3.

## Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Arithmetic Progressions Exercise 1.3

Question 1.
FInd the sum of the following APs:
i) 2, 7, 12, ……… to 10 terms
ii) -37, -33, -29,………. to 12 terms.
iii) 0.8, 1.7, 2.8 to 100 terms.
iv) $$\frac{1}{15}, \frac{1}{12}, \frac{1}{10} \ldots, \text { to } 11$$ terms
Solution:
i) Sum of 2, 7, 12, ………. 10?
a = 2, d = 7 – 2 = 5, n = 10
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$s_{10}=\frac{10}{2}[2 \times 2+(10-1) 5]$$
= 5[4 + 9 × 5]
= 5[4 + 45]
= 5 × 49
∴ S10 = 245

ii) -37, -33, -29, to 12……. terms.
Solution:
a = -37, d = -33 – (-37) = -33 + 37
n = 12, d = 4
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$S_{12}=\frac{12}{2}[2 \times -37+(12-1) 4]$$
= 6[-74 + 11 × 4]
= 6[-74 + 44]
= 6 × -30
∴ S12 = -180.

iii) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8,……… , to 100 terms.
a = 0.6, d = 1.7 – 0.6 = 1.1
n = 100, S100 =?
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$S_{100}=\frac{100}{2}[2 \times 0.6+(100-1)(1.1)]$$
= 50[1.2 + 99(1.1)]
= 50[1.2 + 108.9]
= 50 × 110.1
∴ S100 = 5505

iv) $$\frac{1}{15}, \frac{1}{12}, \frac{1}{10} \ldots, \text { to } 11$$ terms
Solution:

The LCM of 12 and 18 is 36.

Question 2.
Find the sums given below:
i) $$7+10 \frac{1}{2}+14+\ldots \ldots+84$$
ii) 34 + 32 + 30 + ……….+ 10
iii) -5 + (-8) + (-11) + ……….. +(-230)
Solution:

ii) 34 + 32 + 30 + ………. + 10
Solution:
a = 34, d = 32 – 34 =-2, an = 10,
Sn =?
a + (n – 1)d = an
34 + (n – 1)(-2) = 10
34 – 2n + 2 = 10
-2n + 36 = 10
-2n = 10 – 36
-2n = -26
2n = 26
$$n=\frac{26}{2}$$
∴ n = 13
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[a+l]$$
$$\mathrm{S}_{23}=\frac{13}{2}[34+10]$$
$$=\frac{13}{2} \times 44$$
= 13 × 22
∴ S23 = 286.

iii) -5 + (-8) + (-11) +……… + (-230)
Solution:
a = -5, d = -8 – (-5) = -8 + 5
a, = -230.
Sn =? d = -3
a+(n – 1)d = an
-5 + (n – 1)(-3) = -230
-5 – 3n + 3 = -230
-3n – 2 = -230
-3n = -230 +2
-3n = -228
3n = 228
∴ n = 228/3
∴ n = 76.
$$\mathrm{S}_{\mathrm{n}}=\frac{\mathrm{n}}{2}\left[\mathrm{a}+\mathrm{a}_{\mathrm{n}}\right]$$
$$S_{ 76 }=\frac { 76 }{ 2 } \left[ -5-230 \right]$$
$$=\frac{76}{2} \times -235$$
= 38 × -235
∴ S76= -8930.

Question 3.
In an AP:
i) given a = 5. d = 3. an = 50, find ‘n’ and Sn.
ii) given a = 7, a13 = 35, find d’ and S13.
iii) given a12= 37. d = 3. find ‘a’ and S12.
iv) given a3 = 15, S10 = 125. find ‘d’ and a10.
v) given d = 5. S9 = 72, fInd ‘a’ and a9.
vi) given a = 2. d = 8, Sn = 90, fInd ‘n and a11.
vii) given a = 8, an = 62. Sn = 210, find ‘n’ and ‘d’.
viii) given an = 4, d = 2, Sn = -14. find ‘n’ and a.
ix) given a = 3, n = 8, S = 192, find ‘d’.
x) given L = 28, S = 144 and there are total 9 terms. Find ‘a’.
Solution:
i) a = 5, d = 3, an = 50. n=?, Sn =?
a + (n – 1)d = an
5 + (n – 1) 3 = 50
5 + 3n – 3 = 50
3n + 2 = 50
3n = +50 – 2
3n = 48
$$n=\frac{48}{3}$$
∴ n = 16
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}\left[a+a_{n}\right]$$
$$S_{16}=\frac{16}{2}[5+50]$$
$$=\frac{16}{2}[55]$$
= 8 × 55
∴ S16= 440.

ii) a = 7, a13 = 35. d =?. S13 =?
Solution:
a+(n – 1) d = an
7 + (13 – 1) d = 35
7 + 12d = 35
12d = 35 – 7
12d = 28
$$d=\frac{28}{12}$$
$$d=\frac{7}{3}$$
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}\left[a+a_{n}\right]$$
$$S_{n}=\frac{7}{3} \times \frac{1}{2}[7+35]$$
$$\mathrm{s}_{\mathrm{n}}=\frac{7}{6} \mathrm{I} 42 \mathrm{l}$$
= 7 × 7
∴ Sn = 49

iii) a12= 37, d = 3, a =? S12 =?
a + (n – 1)d = an
a + (12 -1) 3 = 37
a + 11 × 3 = 37
a + 33 = 37
∴ a = 37 – 33
∴ a = 4
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}\left[a+a_{n}\right]$$
$$\mathrm{S}_{12}=\frac{12}{2}[4+37]$$
= 6[4 + 37]
∴ S2 = 246

iv) a3 = 15, S10 = 125. d =?, a10=?
Solution:
a3 = a + 2d = 15
∴ a= 15 – 2d
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$s_{10}=\frac{10}{2}[2(15-2 d) \div(10-1) d]=125$$
= 5[30 – 4d + 9d] = 125
= 5[30 + 5d] = 125
150 + 25d = 125
25d = 125 + 150
25d = -25
$$\mathrm{d}=\frac{-25}{25}$$
∴ d = -1.
Substittuting the value of ‘d’
a = 15 – 2d
= 15 – 2(-1)
= 15 + 2
∴ a = 17.
∴ a10 = a + 9d
= 17 + 9(-1)
= 17 – 9
∴ a10 = 8

v) d = 5, S9 = 72. a =? a9 =?
Solution:
$$\mathrm{s}_{\mathrm{n}}=\frac{\mathrm{n}}{2}[2 \mathrm{a}+(\mathrm{n}-1) \mathrm{d}]$$
$$s_{9}=\frac{9}{2}[2 \times a+(9-1) 5]=72$$
$$\frac{9}{2}[2 a+8 \times 5]=72$$
$$\frac{9}{2}[2 a+40]=72$$
$$2 a+40=72 \times \frac{2}{9}$$
2a + 40 = 16
2a = 16 – 40
2a = -24
$$a=\frac{-24}{2}$$
∴ a = -12
a9 = a + (n – 1) d
= -12 + (9 – 1) (5)
= -12 + 8 × 5
= -12 + 40
∴ a9 = 28

vi) a = 2, d = 8 Sn = 90, n =?, a3 =?
Solution:
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$=\frac{n}{2}[2 \times 2+(n-1) 8]=90$$
$$\frac{n}{2}[4+8 n-8]=90$$
n (8n – 4) = 90 × 2/1
8n2 – 4n = 180
8n2 – 4n = 1800
2n2 – n – 45 = 0

2n2– 10n + 9n – 45 = 0
2n(n – 5) + 9(n – 5) = 0
(n – 5)(2n + 9) = 0
If n – 5 = 0 then n = 5
∴ an = a + (n – 1) d
a5= 2 + (5 – 1) 8
= 2 + 4 × 8
= 2 + 32
∴ a5 = 34

vii) a = 8, an = 62, Sn = 210, n =? d =?
Solution:
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}\left[a+a_{n}\right]=210$$
$$\frac{n}{2}[8+62]=210$$
$$\frac{n}{2} \times 70=21$$
$$n=210 \times \frac{2}{70}$$
∴ n = 6
an = 62
a6= a + 5d = 62
8 + 5d = 62
5d = 62 – 8
5d = 54
$$d=\frac{54}{5}$$

viii) a = 4, d = 2, Sn = -14, n =?, a =?
Solution:
an = a + (n – 1) d = 4
a + (n – 1) 2 = 4
a + 2n – 2 = 4
a + 2n = 4 + 2
a = 2n = 6 …………. (i)
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}\left[a+a_{n}\right]=210$$
$$\frac{n}{2}[-2 n+6+4]=-14$$
$$\frac{n}{2}[-2 n+10]=-14$$
-2n2 + 10n = -28
-2n2 + 10n + 28 = 0
2n2 – 10n – 28 = 0 – 14
2n2 – 5n – 14 = 0

n2 – 7n + 2n – 14 = 0
n(n – 7) + 2 (n – 7) = 0
(n – 7) (n + 2) = 0
If n – 7 = 0 then. n = 7
a = -2n + 6
= -2 × 7 + 6
= -14 + 6
∴ a = -8
∴ n = 7, a = -8.

ix) a = 3, n = 8, S = 192, d =?
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$S_{8}=\frac{8}{2}[2 \times 3+(8-1) d]=192$$
$$\frac { 8 }{ 2 } [6+7\times d]=192$$
4 (6 + 7d) = 192
$$6+7 d=\frac{192}{4}$$
6 + 7d = 48
7d = 48 – 6
7d = 42
$$d=\frac{42}{7}$$
∴ d = 6

x) l = an = 28, S = 144, n = 9, a =?
Solution:
$$s_{n}=\frac{n}{2}\left[a+a_{n}\right]$$
$$s_{9}=\frac{9}{2}[a+28]=144$$
$$\frac{9}{2}[a+28]=144$$
$$a+28=144 \times \frac{2}{9}$$
a + 28 = 32
a = 32 – 28
∴ a = 4.

Question 4.
How many terms of the AP: 9, 17, 25, … must be taken to give a sum of 636?
Solution:
9 + 17 + 25 + ……. + an = 636
a = 9, d = 17 – 9 = 8, Sn= 636, n =?
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 \times 9+(n-1) 8]=636$$
$$\frac{n}{2}[18+8 n-8]=636$$
$$\frac{n}{2}[8 n+10]=636$$
n(8n + 10) = 636 × 2
8n2 + 10n = 1272
8n2+ 10n – 1272 = 0
4n2 + 5n – 636 = o
4n2+ 5n – 48n – 636 = 0

n(4n + 5) – 12(4n + 5) = 0
(4n + 5) (n – 12) = 0
1f n – 12 = 0 then, n = 12
∴ n = 12.

Question 5.
The first term of an AP is 5. the last term is 45 and the sum is 400. Find the number of terms and the common difference.
Solution:
a = 5, an = 45, Sn= 400, n =?, d =?
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}\left[a+a_{n}\right]$$
$$=\frac{n}{2}[5+45]=400$$
$$\frac{n}{2} \times 50=400$$
n × 50 = 800
$$n=800 \times \frac{1}{50}$$
∴ n = 16
an = a + (n – 1) d
a16= 5 + (16 – 1)d = 45
5 + 15d = 45
15d = 45 – 5
15d = 40
$$d=\frac{40}{15}=\frac{8}{3}$$
$$\mathrm{n}=16, \mathrm{d}=\frac{8}{3}$$

Question 6.
The first and the last terms of an AP are 17 and 350 respectively. If the common difference is 9, how many terms are there and what is their sum?
Solution:
a = 17, an= 350, d = 9, n =?, Sn =?
an = a + (n – 1) d
17 + (n – 1)9 = 350
17 + 9n – 9 = 350
9n + 8 = 350
9n = 350 – 8
9n = 342
$$\quad n=\frac{342}{9}$$
∴ n = 38
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}\left[a+a_{n}\right]$$
$$S_{38}=\frac{38}{2}[17+350]$$
= 19 × 367
∴ S38 = 6973
∴ n = 38, S38 = 6973

Question 7.
Find the sum of first 22 terms of an AP in which d = 7 and 22nd term is 149.
Solution:
d = 7, a22 = 149, S22 =?
a = a + (n – 1)d
a + (22 – 1)7 = 149
a + 21 × 7 = 149
a + 147 = 149
=149 – 147
∴ a = 2
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}\left[a+a_{n}\right]$$
$$S_{22}=\frac{22}{2}[2+149]$$
= 11[151]
∴ S22 = 1661

Question 8.
Find the sum of first 51 terms of an AP whose second and third terms are 14 and 18 respectively.
Solution:
If a2 = 14, a3 = 18, then S11 =?
a2 = 14
a + d = 14 …………. (i)
a3 = 18
a + 2d = 18 …………… (ii)
from equation (1) – equatIon (11),

d =4.
Substituting the value of ‘d’ In eqn. (i)
a + d = 14
a + 4 = 14
a = 14 – 4
∴ a = 10
a = 10, d = 4
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$S_{51}=\frac{51}{2}[2 \times 10+(51-1) 4]$$
$$=\frac{51}{2}[20+50 \times 4]$$
$$=\frac{51}{2}[20+200]$$
$$=\frac{51}{2} \times 220$$
= 51 × 110
∴ S51 = 5610

Question 9.
If the sum of first 7 terms of an AP is 49 and that of 17 terms is 289, find the sum of first ‘n terms.
Solution:
S7 = 49, S17 = 289, S11 =?
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$S_{7}=\frac{7}{2}[2 a+(7-1) d]$$
$$=\frac{7}{2}[2 a+6 d]=49$$
[latex2+6 d=49 \times \frac{2}{7}[/latex]
2a + 6d = 14 …………… (i)
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$S_{17}=\frac{17}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$=\frac{17}{2}[2 \mathrm{a}+16 \mathrm{d}]$$
$$\frac{17}{2}[2 a+16 d]=289$$
$$2 a+16 d=289 \times \frac{2}{17}$$
∴ 2a + 16d = 34 …………. (ii)

10d = 20
∴ d=2
Substituting the value of d in equation (i), we have
2a + 6d = 14
2a + 6 × 2 = 14
2a + 12 = 14
2a = 14 – 12
2a = 2
$$a=\frac{2}{2}=1$$
a = 1, d = 2, Sn =?
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 \times 1+(n-1) 2]$$
$$=\frac{\mathrm{n}}{2}[2+2 \mathrm{n}-2]$$
$$=\quad \frac{\mathrm{n}}{2}[2 \mathrm{n}]$$
∴ Sn = n2

Question 10.
Show that a1, a2, a3, … a11. … form an AP where a11 is defIned as below:
i) a = 3 + 4n
ii) a = 9 – 5n
Solution:
i) an= 3 + 4n
a1 = 3 + 4(1)
= 3 + 4
∴ an = 7
∴ a = 7
a1 = 3 + 4n
a2 = 3 + 4 × 2
= 3 + 8
∴ a2 = 11
an = 3 + 4n
a3 = 3 + 4 × 3
= 3 + 12
a3 = 15
∴ a1, a2, a3, ………….
7, 11, 15, ……….
d = a2 – a1 = 11 – 7 = 4
d = a3 – a2= 15 – 11 = 4
Here, the value of ‘d’ is constant.
∴ an = 3 + 4n forms an Arithmetic Progression.

ii) an = 9 – 5n
a1= 9 – 5 × 1
= 9 – 5
∴ a1 = 4
a1 = 9 – 5n
a1 = 9 – 5 × 2
= 9 – 10
∴ a2 = -1
an= 9 – 5n
a3 = 9 – 5 × 3
= 9 – 15
∴ a3 = -6
a1, a2, a3, …………… an
4, -1, -6, …………
d = a2 – a1 = -1 – 4 = -5
d=a3 – a2 = -6 – (-1) = -5
Here, the value of ‘d’ is constant.
∴ an = 9 – 5n form an Arithmetic Progression.

Question 11.
lf the sum of the first n terms of an AP is 4n – n2, what is the first term (that is SI)? What is the sum of first two termš? What is the second term? Similarly. find the 3rdrd the 10th and the nth terms.
Solution:
If Sn = 4n – n2, then
i) S1 = a =?
ii) S2 =?
iii) a2 =?
iv) a3 =?
v) a10 =?
vi) an =?
(i) Sn = 4n – n2
S1 = 4(1) – 12
= 4 – 1
S1 = 3
∴ S1 = a = 3.

(ii) S2 = 4n – n2
S2 = 4(2) – 22
= 8 – 4
S2 = 4
∴ S2 = 4

(iii) We have S2 = a1 + a2 = 4
= 3 + a2 = 4
∴ a2 = 4 – 3
∴a2 = 1

(iv) Sn = 4n – n2
S3= 4(3) – 32
= 12 – 9
S3 = 3
a1 + a2 + a3 = 3
3 + 1 + a3 = 3
4 + a3= 3
∴ a3 = 3 – 4
∴ a 3 = -1

(v) d = a3 – a3 = -1 -1 = -2
a10= a + 9d
= 3 + 9(-2)
= 3 – 18
a10= -15
∴ a10 = -15

(vi) an = a + (n – 1)d
= 3 + (n – 1)(-2)
= 3 + 2n + 2
∴ an = 5 – 2n
∴ an = 5 – 2n

Question 12.
Find the sum of the first 40 positive integers divisible by 6.
Solution:
6 + 12 + 18 + 24 + 40 term
Here a = 6, d = 2 – a1 = 12 – 6 = 6
n = 40, S40 =?
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$S_{40}=\frac{40}{2}[2 \times 6+(40-1) 6]$$
= 20[12 + 39 × 6]
= 20[12 + 234]
= 20 × 246
∴ S40 = 4920.

Question 13.
Find the sum of first 15 multiples of 8,
Solution:
Sum of the first 15 multiples of 8 ?
8 + 16 + 24+ ……… 15 terms.
Here, a = 8, d = a2 – a1= 16 – 8 = 8
n = 15, S15 =?
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$S_{15}=\frac{15}{2}[2 \times 8+(15-1) 8]$$
$$=\frac{15}{2}[16+14 \times 8]$$
$$=\frac{15}{2}[16+112]$$
$$=\frac{15}{2} \times 128$$
= 15 × 64
∴ S15 = 960

Question 14.
Fnd the sum of the odd numbers between 0 and 50.
Solution:
Odd numbers between 0 and 50 are
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ……… + 49 =?
Here. a = 1, d = a3 – a1= 3 – 1 = 2
an = 49, n =?, S =?
an = a + (n – 1) d = 49
= 1 + (n – 1)2 = 49
1 + 2n – 2 = 49
2n – 1 = 49
2n = 49 + 1
2n = 50
$$n=\frac{50}{2}$$
∴ n = 25
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}\left[a+a_{n}\right]$$
$$\mathrm{s}_{25}=\frac{25}{2}[1+49]$$
$$=\frac{25}{2} \times 50$$
= 25 × 25
∴ S25 = 625

Question 15.
A contract on construction job specifies a penalty for delay of completion beyond a certain date as follows: Rs. 200 for the first day. Rs. 250 for the second day. Rs. 300 for the third day. etc.. the penalty for each succeeding day being Rs. 50 more than for the preceeding day. How much money the contractor has to pay as penalty. If he has delayed the work by 30 days?
Solution:
Penalty for the 1st Day 2nd day 3rd day … 30th day
Rs. 200 Rs. 250 Rs. 300 Rs.?
200 + 250 + 300 + 30 days
a = 200, d = 250 – 200 = 50, n = 20,
S30 =?
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$\dot{\mathrm{S}}_{30}=\frac{30}{2}[2 \times 200+(30-1) 50]$$
= 15[400 + 29 × 50]
= 15 [400 + 1450]
= 15 × 1850
∴ S30= Rs. 27750.

Question 16.
A sum of Rs. 700 is to be used to give seven cash prizes to students of a school for thler overall academic performance. If each prize is Rs. 20 less than its preceding prize, find the value of each of the prizes.
Solution:
Let the first prize be ‘a’.
and Second prize is a – 20 and
the third prize Is a 40.
a, (a – 20), (a – 40) ……….. n = 7
a = a, d = a2 – a1 = a – 20 – a d = -20
n = 7, S7 =?
$$\frac{\mathrm{n}}{2}[2 \mathrm{a}+(\mathrm{n}-1) \mathrm{d}]=\mathrm{Sn}$$
$$\frac{7}{2}[2 \times a+(7-1)(-20)]=700$$
$$\frac{7}{2}[2 a+6(-20)]=700$$
$$\frac{7}{2}[2 a-120]=700$$
$$2 a-120=700 \times \frac{2}{7}$$
2a – 120 = 200
∴ 2a = 200 + 120
2a = 320
$$\quad a=\frac{320}{2}=R s .160$$
∴ Each prizes are
Rs. 160, 140, 120, 100, 80, 60, 40

Question 17.
In a school, students thought of planting trees in and around the school to reduce air pollution. It was decided that the number of trees, that each section of each class will plant. will be the same as the class. In which they are studying. e.g., a section of Class I will plant 1 tree. a section of Class Il will plant 2 trees and so on till Class XII. There are three sections of each class. How many trees will be planted by the students?
Solution:

a = 3. d = 6 – 3 = 3, n = 12, S12 =?
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$\mathrm{S}_{12}=\frac{12}{2}[2 \times 3+(12-1) 3]$$
= 6[6 + 11 × 3]
= 6[6 + 33]
= 6 × 39
∴ S12 = 234
∴ Total number of trees from 3 sections of each class upto 12 class is 234.

Question 18.
A spiral is made up of successive semicircles, with centres alternately at A and B, starting with centre at A, of radii 0.5 cm. 1.0 cm. 1.5 cm, 2.0 cm as shows In fig. What Is the total length of such a spiral made up of thirteen consecutive semicircles? (Take $$\pi=\frac{22}{7}$$)

[Hint: Length of successive semicircles is l1, l2, l3, l4 with centres at A, B, A. B respectively.]
Solution :
$$: l_{1}=\pi \times \frac{1}{2}, 12=\pi \times 1.13=\pi \times \frac{3}{2}$$
$$l_{1}=\frac{\pi}{2}, \quad l_{2}=\mathrm{p}, \quad l_{3}=\frac{3}{2} \pi$$
∴ Arithmetic Progression,
l1, l2, l3, l4, ………..

Question 19.
200 logs are stacked In the following manner. 20 logs in the bottom row, 19 in the next row, 18 in the row next to it and so on (see the fig. given below). In how many rows are the 200 logs placed and how many logs are In the top row?

Solution:
20, 19, 18, …..
a = 20, d = 19 – 20 = -1
Sn = 200, n =?, an =?
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$200=\frac{\mathrm{n}}{2}[2 \times 20+(\mathrm{n}-1)(-1)]$$
$$200=\frac{\mathrm{n}}{2}[40-\mathrm{n}+1]$$
$$200=\frac{n}{2}[41-n]$$
∴ 400 = n(41 – n)
400 = 4n – n2
∴ n2 – 41n + 400 = 0
n2 – 25n – 16n + 400 = 0
n(n – 25) – 16(n – 25) = 0
(n – 25) (n – 16) =
1f n – 16 = 0 then, n = 16
∴ an = a + (n – 1) d
a16= 20 + (16 – 1) (-1)
= 20 + 15(-1)
= 20 – 15
∴ a16 = 5
∴ 200 logs are placed In 16 rows and there are 5 logs in the top row.

Question 20.
In a potato race, a bucket is placed at the starting point, which Is 5 m from the first potato. and the other potatoes are placed 3 m apart in a straight line. There are ten potatoes in the line (see fig, given below)

A competitor starts from the bucket, picks up the nearest potato, runs back with it, drops ¡tin the bucket, runs back to pick up the next potato, runs to the bucket to drop It in, and she continues in the same way until al) the potaotes are in the bucket. What is the total distance the competitor has to run?
(Hint: To pick up the first potato and the second potato, the total distance (in metres) run by a competitor is 2 × 5 +2 × (5 + 3)]
Solution:
Total distance competitor taken to pick up the first potato = 5 + 5m
= 2 × 5m.
= 10m.
Total distance taken by compeUtor to pick up the second potato
= 5 + 3 + 3 + 5m.
= 2 × 5 + 2 × 3
= 2(5 + 3)
= 2 × 8
= 16m.
∴ 10m. 16m, 22m 10th potato
a = 10, d = 16 – 10 = 6m.
n = 10, S10 =?
$$S_{n}=\frac{n}{2}[2 a+(n-1) d]$$
$$S_{10}=\frac{10}{2}[2 \times 10+(10-1) 6]$$
= 5[20 + 9 × 6]
= 5 [20 + 54]
= 5 × 74
∴ S10 = 370m.
∴ Total distance the competitor has to run to pick up 10 potatoers is 370 m.

Nearest tenth is the first digit after the decimal point.

We hope the given KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Arithmetic Progressions Ex 1.3 will help you. If you have any query regarding Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Arithmetic Progressions Exercise 1.3, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

## C.L.M. Poem Questions and Answers, Notes, Summary

Comprehension Questions

I. Answer the following questions briefly:

Question 1.
The second Line “My mother’s life made me a man”
a. Just states a natural phenomenon of a mother giving birth to a son
b. has a hint that he was born at the cost of his mother’s life
(b) has a hint that he was born at the cost of his mother’s life.

Question 2.
The phrase “Her beauty” in line 4 refers to
a. The physical beauty of his mother
b. The ‘beauty’ of his mother’s physical and emotional trauma at the birth of the child
(b) The ‘beauty’ of his mother’s physical and emotional trauma at the birth of the child.

Question 3.
Why does the poet use the present tense in lines 5 and 6?
a. to emphasize that his very existence now is made possible by the death of ‘some of her’
b. to emphasize that every movement of his in his mother’s womb destroyed a part of her life
c. to show that his very birth and life are responsible for his mother’s partial death
(a) to emphasize that every movement of his in his mother’s womb destroyed a part of her life.

Question 4.
What does ‘it’ in line 10 refer to?
‘It’ refers to the life the mother gave to the boy.

Question 5.
“Her beauty” in line 12 refers to
a. his mother’s physical beauty
b. her son, the poet
(b) her son, the poet.

Question 6.
“dusty in the mind” in line 12 refers to
a. the fading memory of his mother in his mind
b. the state of his dead mother’s mind which has forgotten the dear ones left behind
(a) the fading memory of his mother in his mind.

Question 7.
“I am so grown” in line 15 means
a. that he has grown so much physically that she would not be able to recognize him
b. that he has grown so unworthy of all her sacrifice that she would not be able to recognize him
c. both a and b
(c) both (a) and (b).

Question 8.
Which line in stanza 3 suggests that the poet is totally unworthy or ungrateful?
‘She would not know her little son, I am so grown.’

Question 9.
Which phrase in stanza 4 suggests that his concern goes beyond his personal experience?
‘What have I done to keep in mind my debt to her and womankind ?’

Question 10.
“Providing a happier life to one’s mother will repay for all her sacrifice.” Is this what the poet says in lines 21 and 22 ?
The poet says this and also something more. He means that a person should repay his mother not just by making her life better, but by making other women’s lives also better.

Question 11.
Stanza 4 has some very powerful and forceful images.
a) What is compared to a – leech?
The baby inside the mother’s womb…

b) How is it a leech?
It sucks on the life of the mother.

c) What is unusual about the use of the word ‘leech’d’?
The word ‘leech’d is used for a parasite-like creature which feeds on the other and destroys it. Usually, babies who are entirely dependent on their mothers are referred to as leeches. But here the poet feels his mother has suffered a lot with every baby she carried, and hence he has been like a leech when he was in her womb.

d) Why is B in ‘Birth’ capitalized? (line 24)
Birth is a very significant moment in the life of a baby or an individual because it signifies the separation of the baby from the mother and the need for the baby to- fend for itself to a certain extent. It has come out of a warm, protective cave into a cold, harsh world.

e) For whom is birth a hell
a. for the mother (for all her pain and suffering during the birth of her child)
b. for the son (who feels that it was because of his birth that his mother died, though partially)
c. for both
(c) for both.

Question 12.
Note that lines 19 to 26 introduce a series of rhetorical questions. (A rhetorical question is asked for effect rather than to obtain an answer. The answer is very much implied in the question itself.) Lines 19-20 are a good example of a rhetorical question. The meaning of the two lines is,” I have done nothing worth remembering to show my debt to my mother and womankind.”
a) Identify 2 more examples of rhetorical questions.
Lines 21-22: “What woman’s happier life repays/Her for those months of wretched days?”
Lines 25-26: “What have I done, or tried or said / in thanks to that dear woman dead?”

b) Write down the actual meaning of each of them.
Lines 21-22: “I have not repaid my mother for those months of wretched days by making a woman’s life. happier.”
Lines 25-26: “I have not done or tried or said anything to express my thanks to that dear dead woman.”

Question 13.
“man’s lust” in line 29 refers to
a. man’s beastly sexuality
b. man’s lust for power over women
c. both a and b
(c) both (a) and (b).

Question 14.
The poet has used many poetical devices in the last line in order to draw the reader’s attention to it.
a) What typographical deviation is used in the last line? Ans: (c) both (a) and (b).
It is a single exclamatory sentence, unlike the rest that are in stanzas and is written as observations and rhetorical questions.

b) Why, do you think, has he used this deviation?
He has used that form as an answer to all those questions and feelings he has outlined in the stanzas.

c) What figure of speech is used in this line?
A hyperbole. It’s an exaggerated statement highlighting the shame the poet is experiencing. Surely, a grave will not open and his mother will not come to life to put him to shame.

d) Why does the poet want the grave to keep shut?
If his mother were to see him now, or women were to see mankind now, she/they would be ashamed.

e) How does the line end?
The line ends with a regretful plea that the grave should remain shut.

Question 15.
The most dominant feeling of the poet in this poem is:
a. a feeling of guilt
b. a sense of ingratitude
c. a sense of shame
(c) a feeling of shame.

Question 16.
Look at the rhyme scheme of the first stanza. The word ‘began’ rhymes with ‘man’. The rhyme scheme is aa. ‘Birth’ in line 3 rhymes with ‘earth’ in line 4. The rhyme scheme is bb. ’stir’ in line 5 rhymes with ‘her’ in line 6. The rhyme scheme is cc. So, the rhyme scher of the first stanza is aa, bb, cc.
Now work out the rhyme scheme of the remaining 4 stanzas. Start with lines 7 and 8 as dd…
1st Stanza : aa bb cc
2nd Stanza : dd ee ff
3rd Stanza : gg hh ii
4th Stanza : jj kk ll
5th Stanza : mm nn oo

II. Close Study:

Read the following extracts carefully. Discuss in pairs and then answer the
questions given below them.

Question 1.
For all her love, she cannot tell Whether I use it ill or well.
a) Who do ‘I’ and ‘she’ refer to?
T refers to the son, i.e., the poet, and ‘she’ refers to the mother.

b) What does ‘it’ in the second line refer to?
‘It’ refers to the life that the mother has given the son.

c) Why is it that she cannot tell?
She is dead and cannot see whether he lives well or net.

Question 2.
…………….. If we should meet, She would pass by me in the street Unless my soul’s face let her see My sense of what she did to me.
a) Would it be possible for the mother and son to meet each other?
No, since the mother is dead the son is still alive.

b) What is my figure of speech used in the expression ‘soul’s face’?
Personification.

c) His soul would reveal
a. his sense of gratitude to his mother
b. his sense of ingratitude to his mother
(b) his sense of ingratitude to his mother.

III. Paragraph Writing:

Discuss in pairs/groups of four each the answers to the following questions. Note down the important points!’ for each question and then develop the points into one-paragraph, answers.

Question 1.
The poem describes the poet’s personal experience. Does it stop at that?

1. It starts with how the mother gave her beauty to the child and lost a little with every birth.
2. She is dead, and the poet feels guilty that he has not used her gift properly.
3. When he thinks about how he has helped to make any woman’s life better, he realizes that he has not done anything at all.
4. Women all over the world are still exploited, tormented and oppressed by men.

The poet doesn’t stop at his personal experience. There is a strong opinion about women’s right that is communicated in the poem. A woman’s role as a mother, a woman who is made powerless by a man, a woman who has to fight for every right and men who force her into those situations and worse should be ashamed.

Question 2.
Do you like the poem? Why?

1. The poet talks about a common event in a very unusual manner.
2. Everyone feels indebted to the mother for their birth, but the poet’s intensity of feelings makes it a very poignant experience.
3. the poet’s perception of the mother’s sacrifice in giving birth to children is uncommon.
4. In return for the mother’s sacrifice, the poet wants to make another woman’s life better. This is a wonderful thought.

IV. Activities.

1. Pair work.
a) Cite any 3 examples (from your family or the society you live in) of discrimination against women.

1. Women are not allowed to dress as they want to.
2. They are not allowed to come home late.
3. In places of work, they are not given higher responsibilities or posts.

b) Cite any 3 examples of men trampling women’s rights.

1. When the woman earns more money, the husband takes charge of it and spends it as he thinks fit.
2. In places of political power (municipal corporations and state assemblies), women’s opinions are not given much importance.

Calculate HCF for 69, 80, 365, 838 i.e.

### C.L.M. Poem Summary in English

This poem expresses love and regrets in a very unusual way. It has to be said that the poem is written to his mother or at least written with his mother in mind.

It starts out by explaining how mother gave him life and died and it continues to explain, how he expresses grief, for his mother cannot see him grown-up and cannot see how his son has lived his life.

The third stanza turns to the idea that even if death could be undone and his mother would be reincarnated it would be of no use because they would not recognize each other.

In the fourth stanza, the whole poem takes an unusual turn for the author thinks that he is in debt to his mother and all womankind for the suffering they need to undergo when bearing the child and when in labour.

He concludes the poem with more feeling of guilt for he thinks he has not repaid the favour of living to her mother and due to that to women in general.

The author thinks that he is also to blame for the fact that men are considered superior to women for he has not done anything about it. In some sense, the author expresses concern over the inequality of sexes.

Even if it could be considered or labelled as a love poem it cannot be compared with the poem beauty for the difference of tone is too great.

## Karnataka Class 10 English Solutions Chapter 2 The Elixir of Life

You can Download The Elixir of Life Questions and Answers Pdf, Notes, Summary Class 10 English Karnataka State Board Solutions to help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

## The Elixir of Life Questions and Answers, Notes, Summary

Comprehension Questions:

I. Answer briefly the following questions.

Question 1.
What is the imaginary elixir of life?
The divine amrita which can make man immortal.

Question 2.
What according to the writer is the real elixir of life?
Plain water.

Question 3.
What is the ‘wonderful difference’ the writer talks about in paragraph 2?
The ‘wonderful difference’ the writer talks about is between the two areas: the Libyan desert and the Nile Valley – the sea of billowing sand without a speck of green on the side of the Libyan desert and the green, fertile, densely populated area on the valley of the Nile in Egypt.

Question 4.
The wonderful difference was brought about by the water of the river Nile flowing down to the Mediterranean from its sources a couple of thousands of miles away.

Question 5.
What is the ‘cheering sight’, mentioned in paragraph 5?
The ‘cheering sight’ to the writer is the filled rain-fed tanks that are so common in South India.

Question 6.

1.  What does the writer compare water in a landscape too?
2. Why does he make this comparison?

1. The writer compares water in a landscape to the eyes in a human face.
2.  He makes this comparison because water reflects the mood of the hour, being bright and bay when the sun shines, turning to dark and gloomy when the sky is overcast.

Question 7.
How does the water in rainfed tanks get its color?
The color of the water in rain-fed tanks is from the silt or finely- divided soil in suspension. This color varies with the nature of the earth in the catchment area and is most vivid immediately after a fresh inflow following rain.

Question 8.
What is the main cause of soil erosion?
Sudden bursts of excessively heavy rain resulting in a large run off of surplus water are the principal factors causing soil erosion.

Question 9.
What other factors add to the erosion of precious soil?
Contributory causes to the erosion of previous soil are the slope of the land, removal of the natural protective coat of vegetation, the existence of ruts along which the.water can flow rapidly gathering momentum, and the absence of any checks to such flow.

Question 10.
How can soil erosion be prevented?
Soil erosion can be prevented by terracing of the land, construction of bunds to check the flow of water, the practice of contour cultivation and the planting of appropriate types of vegetation.

Question 11.
How does the prevention of soil erosion serve a double purpose?
Adoption of techniques preventing soil erosion would also help to conserve and keep the water where it is wanted, i.e., on and in the soil.

Question 12.
What are the two sources of water mentioned in paragraph 10?
Rain and snowfall.

Question 13.
The land formed of silt in alluvial areas is always fertile (Say whether the statement is True or False).
True.

Question 14.
_________ Takes place when water carrying silt mixes with the salt water of the sea (Complete the sentence with the appropriate word).
Erosion

Question 15.
Planting of the appropriate type of vegetation will result in _________
a. the continuance of successful agriculture.
b. the terracing of the land.
c. preventing environmental pollution.
d. reducing the momentum of the flow of water.
(d) reducing the momentum of the flow of water.

Question 16.
What does the writer mean by ‘civilized forests’?
Forests created by the deliberate planting of saplings by human beings, as contrasted with wild and untamed natural jungles.

Question 17.
Mention any two advantages of civilized forests.
Civilized forests would, directly and indirectly, prove a source of untold wealth to the country. They would check soil erosion and conserve the rainfall of the country from flowing away to waste.

Question 18.
How will the development of hydro-electric power help to overcome the inadequacy of water supply?
The development of hydro-electric power would enable underground water to be tapped to a greater extent than at present, and thus help to overcome the difficulties arising from irregularity or inadequacy of other sources of supply.

Question 19.
Complete the following sentences with appropriate details:
a. The Nile Valley is the creation of ________
the river itself. It was brought down as the finest silt in its flood waters, from the highlands of Abyssinia and from remote Central Africa, and laid down through the ages in the trough through which the Nile flows into the sea.

b. _____ are a ‘cheering sight’.
Rain-fed tanks in South India when they are full.

c. A remarkable feature of water is its power to carry ______
silt or finely-divided soil in suspension.

d. It is the silt which gives _____ to the water in rainfed tanks
the characteristic water.

e. __________ the foundation of all agriculture
The upper layer of soil.

f. Ruts are formed by __________
rapidly flowing rainwater.

g. Terracing of lands helps in _____________
preventing soil erosion.

h. Indian agriculture depends heavily on _____________
seasonal rainfall.

i. Farmyard manure should not be used as ____________
fuel.

j. ____________ would enable the overall development of the rural economy.
Availability of electric power.

II. Close Study:
Read the following extracts carefully. Discuss in pairs and then write the answers to the questions given below them.

Question 1.
Much of the Indian agriculture depends on seasonal rainfall and is therefore very sensitive to any failure or irregularity of the same
a. In what context does the writer say these words?
The writer talks about soil erosion and the importance of conservation of water. Conservation of water would help agriculture at times of irregular or inadequate rainfall. The techniques of conservation of water would prevent soil erosion which is of great importance to agriculture.

b. What does “same” refer to?
“Same” refers to rainfall in India.

c. Why is Indian agriculture “very sensitive”?
Since Indian agriculture depends on seasonal rainfall and does not have many other sources of water, it is “very sensitive” – easily affected by inadequate or irregular rainfall.

Question 2.
They would check soil erosion and conserve the rainfall of the country from flowing away to waste and would provide the necessary supplies of cheap fuel, and thus render unnecessary the wasteful conversion of farmyard manure into a form of fuel.
a. What does “they” in the first line refer to?
Vegetation like shrubs and trees grown in order to check soil erosion.

b. What is the cheap fuel referred to in the passage?
Dried branches and leaves of trees grown to prevent soil erosion.

c. How would cheap fuel help the farmer?
He could preserve the farmyard manure to enrich his farmland.

III. Paragraph Writing:

Discuss in pairs/groups of 4 each and answer the following questions. Note down the important points for each question and then develop the points into one paragraph answers.

Question 1.
How does C.V. Raman show that water is the real elixir of life?

1. Water makes the difference between a barren desert and a fertile valley teeming with life and vegetation.
2. Water plays an important role in shaping the history of the earth.
3. Water bodies add to the beauty of the scenery.
4. Water has power to cany silt which is very necessary for agriculture.
5. Water creates this silt by flowing over the rocks of the earth’s crust.
6. Water is the basis of all life, animals, plants or human beings.

Paragraph: C.V. Raman shows that water is the elixir of life. He gives us the example of the Libyan desert where there is no vegetation and not a single living thing visible. On the other hand, in the immediate neighbourhood the Nile Valley is teeming with vegetation, and people. The water of the Nile Valley has made all the difference. He says that water is a wonderful thing and it has shaped the history and the civilization of our earth. He also adds that the presence of water makes the countryside beautiful and it has enabled agriculture to thrive. Water enriches soil and makes it fertile. If water is used judiciously, it can improve our economy by generating electricity as well and provide us with cheap means of internal transport. He tells us that water is fundamental for human welfare.

Question 2.
What are the various causes of soil erosion? How can we prevent it?

1. Heavy rain
2. Slope of land, removal of vegetation, ruts which enable water to flow faster and absence of my barriers to check flow of water.
3. preventive action would be terracing of land, consu action ui aunds to check flow, contour cultivation, planting of vegetation.

Paragraph : C.V. Raman tells that soil erosion is a major problem in India. Soil erosion happens due to several reasons: Firstly, a sudden downpour of heavy rain can result in excess water carxying top soil into the sea. Secondly, the slope of the land and the removal of the natural protective coat of vegetation, and the existence of ruts along which water can flow rapidly can giv. se to erosion. Thirdly, the lack of bunds to prevent water from flowing forcefully can lead to erosion of soil.

Question 3.
What does C.V. Raman say about rain-fed tanks?

1. Rain-fed tanks common in South India.
2. Beautiful when full.
3. Shallow but bottom does not show up.
4. Play a vital role in agriculture.
5. Are surprisingly large in size.

Paragraph : C. V. Raman tells us that rain-fed tanks are common in South India and they are beautiful when they are full. But they are not well maintained. These tanks are shallow. The water in these tanks is full of silt. These tanks play an important role in South Indian agriculture. Some of them are large and look beautiful when the sun rises or sets over them.

IV. Vocabulary Exercises:

A. Match the words in group A with their meanings/explanations in group B.

 A B 1. teeming with a. systematic planting of suitable trees 2. precipitation b. the area created with matter deposited by rivers 3. harnessing c. controlling and using 4. alluvial d. man-made forests 5. catchment e. wearing away gradually 6. civilized forests f. coming one after the other 7. afforestation g. full of 8. artesian h. separation of solid matter from liquid 9. successive i. spring /underground water 10. erosion j. an area from which rainwater flows into a particular drive

 A B 1. teeming with g. full of 2. precipitation h. separation of solid matter from liquid 3. harnessing c. controlling and using 4. alluvial b. the area created with matter deposited by rivers 5. catchment j. an area from which rainwater flows into a particular drive 6. civilized forests d. man-made forests 7. afforestation a. systematic planting of suitable trees 8. artesian i. spring /underground water 9. successive f. coming one after the other 10. erosion e. wearing away gradually

B. Fill in the blanks with the antonyms Of the words underlined.

1. The rain-fed tanks are ______, not deep.
2. The authorities who talk about afforestation are actively engaged in _______
3. The rural students have fared better than their _______ counterparts.
4. It is a big tragedy that fertile minds are engaged in a _______ debate.
5. The fruits were fresh, but the cream was _______
6.  _______ monuments are aesthetically displayed in a modern setting.
7. In his writings, it is difficult to segregate fact from ________
8. The joy in the new-found prosperity made them forget their days of _______
9. When he saw her courage he felt ashamed of his own ________
10. We need to overcome our temptation, not _______ to it.

1. shallow
2. deforestation
3. urban
4. barren
5. stale
6. Ancient
7. fiction
9. cowardice
10. succumb.

V. Language Activities:

A. Develop the flow chart into a paragraph- Process Writing:
The following flow chart gives you the process of pickling tender mangoes. Using the information in the flow chart given below, write a paragraph describing how pickle is prepared.
[NOTE: You may use the following expressions to make’ your descriptions precise.]

Question 1.
First,… Next…. Once this is done…
Then… Finally etc….

Here is the procedure of pickle tender mangoes. Firstly, one kg. of small, fresh tender mangoes are washed and cleaned. To drain the water thoroughly, the mangoes are wiped with a clean towel. Next, they are mixed with enough salt and kept in a jar which is covered with a piece of cloth and tied tightly. Once this is done, it is left for 15 days. The mixture is stirred with a clean, dry wooden ladle on the 3rd, 4th, 6th and 8th days. The mangoes will have shrunk and turned to pale yellow color. Then, 3/4 of a cup of mustard powder and 50 gms of red chilly powder are taken along with boiled, cooled salt water or mixed into a paste. This paste is mixed with mangoes. Finally, the mixture is again kept in an air-tight container. It is ready for use in 3 months. A word of caution to be remembered is that only a clean, dry spoon has to be used to mix the mangoes.

B. Report Writing (to be presented in the next class)
Imagine, you are the Secretary of the Eco Club ‘NESARA’ of your school. You have been asked to present the Annual Report of the activities of the club on the Annual Day of your school. Prepare the report to be read out.

Form groups of 4 each. Each one reads out his/her report to the group. Make use of the following guidelines.

• NESARA – Eco Club-founded in 2006
• Objective – creating awareness about environmental protection among students
• Eco club-Head Master, the honorary president-Kishore from X B, the president-you from X A, the secretary and five members
• June 6 – Inauguration – World Environment Day Celebrated – Well known writer Dr. Narendra Rai Derla, inaugurated. 500 Saplings distributed.
• July 17 – Slide show on ‘Rain Water Harvesting arranged – noted environmentalist Mr. Shree Padre spoke on the occasion.
• Aug 2 -‘Pick Plastic’ campaign arranged- members went around the town, picking plastics.- placards exhibited, slogans against the growing menace of plastics.
• District level elocution competition for high school students held on Nov 15 on the topic, ‘Modern Life Style, A Threat to Environment’ – Cash prize and certificates awarded.

‘Honourable Chief Guest of the day, Shri ………….., Respected President of the day’s proceedings, Shri ……….., our beloved Head Master Shri …………, Respected teachers and my dear friends,

It gives me great pleasure to present the Annual Report of the activities of ‘Nesara’ the Eco Club of our school. Our Eco Club -NESARA- was founded in 2006 with the objective of creating awareness about environmental protection among students. Our Headmaster is the honorary president of the club. Kishore from X B is the President and me, Sameer, from X A, the Secretary. There are five more
members.

The activities for the academic year 2014-15 were inaugurated on the 6th of June. World Environment Day was celebrated. The well-known writer, Dr. Narendra Rai Derla, inaugurated the celebrations. 500 saplings were
distributed in the neighborhood.

On the 17th of July, a slide show on ‘Rain Water Harvesting’ was arranged. The noted Environmentalist Mr. Shree Padre spoke on the occasion. On August 2, a ‘Pick Plastic’ campaign was arranged.
The club members went around the town, picking plastics. Placards were exhibited, and slogans against the growing menace of plastics were raised.

Finally, there was a district level elocution competition held for high school students on November 15 on the topic, ‘Modern Life Style – A Threat to Environment’. Many students participated in the competition. Cash prizes and certificates were awarded.

With this, we come to the end of the report of the eco club. We look forward to many more activities next academic year. I thank everybody for their patient hearing.

C. Study the following Pie Chart carefully. It lists the various sectors responsible for gas emissions and their share in creating Global Warming. Using this information write a paragraph in about 100 words on ‘Global Warming’.

The above pie-chart lists the various sectors responsible for gas emissions and their share in creating global warming.

The maximum gas emissions are by electricity at 33% whereas the next place is taken by transport at 27%. Surprisingly, the industry takes the third position at 19% whereas commercial activities and agriculture occupy the fourth position at 7%. Residential activities do not lag far behind. They account for 6% of gas emissions whereas others contribute 1% of gas emissions.

Topic: Sharing Cauvery Water with Tamil Nadu.
Task: The class is divided into 4 groups. Each group focuses on one area of the problem-Collects information from different sources, organizes the material and makes an oral/power point presentation to the class. The tasks are given below.

• Group I: What are the demands of Tamil Nadu?
• Group II: What is Karnataka’s stand on this issue?
• Group III: What are the judgments were given by the Supreme Court and what are the orders issued by the Cauvery River Authority?
• Group IV: Interacts with all the three groups, notes down their findings and comes out with suggestions on how the problem can be resolved and makes a presentation to the class. (Important: ensure objectivity)

The sharing of water of the Cauvery has been a source of serious conflict between the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The genesis of this conflict rests in two controversial agreements signed in 1892 and another in 1924 between the erstwhile Madras Presidency and the Princely state of Mysore. The 802 km Cauvery river has 44,000 sq. km basin area in Tamil Nadu and 32,000 sq. km basin area in Karnataka.

• Group-I: The demands of Tamil Nadu:
Tamil Nadu pleads that it has already developed almost 3000,000 acres (12,000 sq.km) of land and, as a result, has come to depend very heavily on the existing pattern of usage. Any change in this pattern will adversely affect the livelihood of millions of farmers in the state.
• Group-II: Karnataka’s Stand :
The state of Karnataka contends that it does not receive its due share of water as Tamil Nadu does. Karnataka claims that the above agreements were very heavily in favor of Madras Presidency, and has demanded a negotiated settlement based on equitable sharing of the waters.
• Group-III: Judgements of Supreme Court:
A three-man tribunal was set up on 2nd June 1990. The Tribunal was headed by Justice Chittosh Mukherjee. The four states presented their demands to the tribunal.

Karnataka claimed 465 billion cubic feet; Kerala claimed 99.5 billion cubic feet; Tamil Nadu claimed the flow should be in accordance with agreements of 1890 and 1924, i.e. 566 billion for TN and Puducherry, 177 billion for Karnataka and 5 billion for Kerala.

Interim Order of the tribunal: ‘The tribunal considered TN’s demand and gave an interim order on June 25 1991, calculating the flow of water for 10 years from 1980-81 to 1989-90. Karnataka had to release 205 billion cu.ft. to TN monitored on weekly and monthly inflows. Karnataka expressed its inability to follow this order as a result of which there was violence, and schools and colleges were closed for a month.

In 1957, the government proposed Constitution of Cauvery River Authority. In 2002, things once again came to a head as a result of the failure of monsoon. A meeting of CRA was called on 27 August 2002, when the Chief Minister of Karnataka walked out.

The Supreme Court ordered the release of 1.25 billion cu.ft. every day, subsequently revised to 0.8 billion cu.ft./ day. Karnataka released for a few days and again stopped, pleading lack of stored water.

The Cauvery Water Dispute Tribunal announced its final verdict on 5 Feb. 2007. According to this, Tamil Nadu is to get 419 billion, Karnataka – 277 billion, Kerala – 30 billion and Puducherry – 7 billion. The actual quantity of water to be released by Karnataka amounted to 192 billion annually. The Government notified the tribunal’s order.

• Group-IV: The Governments of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
In the interests of the farmers dependent on the Cauvery water in all the riparian starts should sit together and implement immediately a decision to desilt the KRS dam so that the rainwater going to sea is reduced and so is the water shortage. This would increase the quantity of water available for sharing. Similarly, an effort should be made to enhance the storage in Mettur dam, thereby, instead of fighting for water, the available storage water area is increased wherever possible, and judicious use of water is undertaken.

VII: Grammer Revisited:
Countable and Uncountable Nouns.
A. A set of nouns has been given below. Indicate against each of the following nouns, whether it is a countable noun or an uncountable noun. Just put C or U against each word.

B. Make sentences using any ten uncountable nouns:
(Note: uncountable nouns do not take plural forms, they are not preceded by indefinite articles and they always take a singular verb.)
Sentences using ten uncountable nouns.

1. Safety is of paramount importance when traveling abroad.
2. Truth often sounds harsh.
3. Rice is grown widely in these areas.
4. Her hair has grown very long.
5. Permission was given to conduct the debate in class.
6. The sand on that beach is almost white in color.
7. Wealth should be shared with everyone.
8. Advice from others is very rarely pleasant.
9. She does her homework as soon as she comes home.
10. The smoke passes out through that chimney.

### The Elixir of Life Summary in English

1. Dr. C.V. Raman is a great scientist. His explorations are mainly in the field of optics. “Raman Spectra” is one of the greatest explorations in science field invented by him. Water has more importance for us. Unless the water, it is impossible to live in a proper way. Water is the elixir of life.

2. Dr. C. V. Raman gave an important task on the water that water gives beauty to nature such that when the sun shines or sets, that rays in the pond or river give beautiful, tremendous vision to us. Mainly, water adds beauty to the countryside. In South India, all tanks are filled with rain water with cheering sight.

3. Dr. C.V. Raman also suggested to humankind that the conservation and utilization of water is fundamental for human welfare. The precious fluid known to be water is lost if the water is not controlled.

4. Like this Dr. C.V. Raman gave an elaborate note of the unique power of the elixir of life, called water. When water carries silt or fine soil, water takes the color of the soil with which makes the land fertile. This flow of water makes a beneficial role in the formation of the earth’s surface. If we neglect this water, this water can, swept away the silt and finally destroy agriculture.

5. In the absence of plain water, it makes a land a dry and lifeless desert, but the presence of water then it turns the land most fertile.

## KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Political Science Solutions Chapter 1 The Problems of India and their Solutions

Students can Download Political Science Chapter 1 The Problems of India and their Solutions Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

## Karnataka State Syllabus Class 10 Social Science Political Science Chapter 1 The Problems of India and their Solutions

### Class 10 Social Science The Problems of India and their Solutions Textual Questions and Answers

Class 10th SST MCQ Question Papers for Exam Preparation & Model Question Papers PDF are download here.

I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers :

Question 1.
The people who develop a deep passion for the place they live is called……………..
Regionalism.

Question 2.
The formation of language-based regions took place in …………………
1956.

Question 3.
In Karnataka, ……………… institution is in existence to curb corruption.
Lokayukta.

Question 4.
As per the census of 2011, the population of India is ……………..
121 crores.

II. Discuss in groups and answer the following :

Question 1.
How is communalism fatal to national unity? Explain.

• It creates social differences, mutual suspicion and fear situation in the society.
• Political competition, social groupism and economic hatefulness is expressed in communalism.
• Communalism has the capacity to endanger the integrity and unity of India.
• It not only disturbs the peace of the society it also destroys the public and private property.
• It leads to mutual accusations, and physical assaults and other undesirable effects.
• Communalism puts self interest ahead of national interest.
• ‘The communal forces make attempts to increase their communal forces in the country.
• They attempt to preach their religion and also tend to be suspicious of other religion.
• This affects the unity of the nation.
• As a result, the country has to spend lot of energy to maintain internal peace and order.

Question 2.
How does regionalism affect national development? Discuss.
One of the serious problems that India is facing is regionalism. A strong feeling of people in favour of the local area in which they live is called regionalism. It helps the people to take initiative for all-round progress of the local areas. But the extreme regionalism harms national unity and interest. Locally centred emotional attachment is an obstacle to overall national growth. If extreme regionalism among the states is allowed to continue it will cause serious disputes among states. It leads to the unhealthy development of the country.

Question 3.
What are your suggestions to improve the status of women?

• The government has started women and child development department in order to develop women’s education and status.
• Through various measures taken, the government seeks to improve the status, health and education of the women.
• Many programmes have been implemented to curb child marriage system dowry prohibition act.
• Compulsory education are implemented as a means of empowering women.
• The government of Karnataka has implemented the ’Shree Shakti’ programme through which self help groups of women are formed and postered as the means of social progress.
• Women’s commissions have been established at national and state level to address the various issues of women.
• Women reservation has already been provided at local bodies.
• Women reservation is also provided in government recruitments.

Question 4.
What are the measures needed for the eradication of unemployment?
In order to solve the poverty-related issues, both the central and state governments have taken various measures to generate employment for people. Steps have been taken to improve the skill level of the job seekers so that they can have better access to employment, providing loans and subsidy to enable people to engage in self-employment. In reality, handicrafts and products created out of self-employment are unable, to compete with goods created by the globalized economy and this has further complicated the issue of unemployment.

Hence, the solution is to inculcate world-class skills to our people so that they compete with globalized production. Apart from this, every citizen of the country should be encouraged to indulge in one or the other employment by providing job oriented course to all, is another strategy to think on.

Question 5.
What are the measures undertaken for the removal of regional imbalances?
In Karnataka, in order to address the regional imbalances, a committee headed by D.M. Nanjundappa has given a special report on various measures needed to solve the regional imbalance in 2001. Some of the most backward regions of Karnataka have been accorded special status by adding article 371 (J).

Question 6.
What are the effects of terrorism?

• Terrorism based on political ideologies, religious faiths and ideological beliefs creates a lot loss for the individuals as well as communities.
• Moreover, terrorism creates psychological pain and influences cultural aspects negatively.
• Terrorism is nothing but fulfilling its narrow end by creating panic and violence.
• It feeds on fear of the people. ‘
• These are organized crimes purported by organized group of people.
• Such activities are called anti-national and anti social acts.
• Bombing of world trade centre of USA bomb attacks on Bali of Indonesia.
• Bombing various cities of France, Britain, and other countries are the reason for worries at international level.
• The terrorism is based on extreme religious sentiments, separatism, racialism of leftist ideals.

Question 7.
What are the measures taken to curb terrorism?
Our central and state governments have taken at most care to stop terrorism. They have always strived to protect the property and life of ordinary people. They have even created special elite forces to tackle these terrorists. India has been peace loving country and has undertaken many initiatives to stop terrorism.

Question 8.
What is Corporate Strategy? Write about its present status.

• A group administrative measure undertaken by a company to achieve premeditated target is called corporate strategy.
• The corporate strategies has been the biggest challenge in front of Indian society since the beginning of 21 st century.
• The present day corporate strategies are using globalised environment and modern technologies.
• The main aim of these strategies maximizing the profits of the company.
• This affects the people, the society and a country negatively.
• Often, the corporate strategies influence the decisions of the governments also.
• On the positive side, the same corporate companies can be employed to alleviate social problems like poverty, malnutrition health, skill training and many other aspects of society through corporate social responsibility programmes.

### Class 10 Social Science The Problems of India and their Solutions Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Population and improved technology are considered as the two reasons for …………..
unemployment.

Question 2
………….. is another social evil in the public life of India.
Corruption

Question 3.
Corruption influences the ……………. life of a county.
Ans:
Economic, Social and Political.

Question 4.
Lack of ……………. and …………….. leads to corruption.
strict supervision, weak legal enforcement

Question 5.
Government has reserved …………….. of the seats in local elections.
1/3.

Question 6.
Some of the most backward regions of Karnataka have been accorded special status by adding article ……………..
371(J).

Question 7.
The government of Karnataka has implemented ………………. program through which self-help groups of women are formed and fostered as the means of social progress.
Stree Shakti.

Question 8.
Terrorism can be called as …………….
extremism.

Question 9.
Terrorists work with their own ………………..
network of intelligence.

Question 10.
Indian society can channelize……………… in favour of society.
Corporate strategies.

II. Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
According to the census of 2011, poverty is
a. 21.9%
b. 21.8%
c. 51%
d. 31%
a. 21.9%

Question 2.
“By installing CCTV cameras in government institutions because to avoid
a. Efficiency
b. Inequality
c. Corruption
d. Discrimination
c. Corruption

Question 3.
Social differences and mutual suspicion are created by
a. Communalism
b. Discrimination
c. Unemployment
d. Status of women
a. Communalism

Question 4.
Karnataka government has given 50% reservation for women because of
a. To provide employment opportunity
b. To provide reservation local bodies
c. To end the discrimination between genders
d. To avoid discrimination
c. to end of the discrimination between genders

Question 5.
The terrorist attack on Taj Hotel in Mumbai on
a. Nov 26, 2006
b. Sep 26, 2008
c. Sep 26, 2007
d. Nov 26, 2007
d. Nov 26, 2007

Question 6.
The solutions for problems of India is
b) Social reformations
c) Good judiciary
d) All of the above
d) All of the above

Question 7.
This is a suitable measure to avoid corruption
a) Legal measures
b) Political measure
c) Strong public ethics
d) Installing CCTV cameras
c) Strong public ethics

Question 8.
Backward regions of Karnataka have been accorded special status by article.
a) 371 (A)
b) 371 (F)
c) 371 (G)
d) 371 (J)
d) 371(J)

Question 9.
On November 26th 2007, terroists attacked on
a) Budhagaya
b) Parliament
c) Taj hotel
d) Bangalore
c) Taj hotel

III. One Mark Question:

Question 1.
What is unemployment?
A situation where a person does not find work in accordance with his capacity or qualification.

Question 2.
Political corruption

Question 3.
Which efforts are need to avoid corruption?
In nutshell co-ordinated efforts are needed to address this burning social problem.

Question 4.
What is meant by communalism?
Segregation in the name of religion and creating hatred and cultivating opposite self interests can be called as communalism.

Question 5.
Why Karnataka government started Stree Shakti programme?
To start self help groups of women and fostered as the means of social progress.

Question 6.
What is meant by corporate strategy?
A group of administrative measure under taken by a company to achieve a premeditated target is called corporate strategy.

IV. Two Marks Questions

Question 1.
Mention the causes for unemployment

• Overpopulation
• Improved technology
• Shortage of natural resources
• Over dependency of agriculture
• Ruined cottage industries
• Ruined cottage industry
• Lack of skill-based education

Question 2.
Write a note on political corruption

1. Political corruption leads to crime
2. It provides motivation of corruption in public life.
3. Nourishes the mis-administration on the part of officials
4. Illegal hoarding, smuggling, economic offence etc.

Question 3.
Which are the measures are taken by government to control communaiism?

• Uniform civil code
• Equality among all the citizens
• Supporting secular values
• Transcending narrow thoughts in favour of national interests
• Develop healthy national thoughts.

Question 4.
How does regionalism affect national development? Discuss
Regionalism has posed a big challenge to national development.

1. Some regions of the country have achieved a lot of progress while many parts have remained backward.
2. To certain reasonable limits, regionalism is considered tolerable. But the extreme regionalism harms national unity and interests.
3. if extreme regionalism among the states is allowed to continue, it will cause serious interstate border disputes, river water disputes etc.

## A Hero Questions and Answers, Notes, Summary

The half life formula of a reaction is the time required for the reactant concentration to decrease to one-half its initial value.

Question 1.
Swami’s father drew his attention to a report in the newspaper. What was the report about?
The report was about the bravery of a village lad. When he was returning home in the jungle path suddenly a tiger came. He faced the tiger and climbed up the tree and stayed half a day. Afterwards, some people came that way and killed the tiger.

Question 2.
The report said that the boy (who fought with the tiger) stayed on the tree for half-a-day. Why did he do so ? (Choose the right answer)
a. He wanted to watch the tiger from the top of a tree.
b. He wanted someone to kill the tiger.
c. He wanted to take rest for some time.
b. He wanted someone to kill the tiger.

Question 3.
Swami said that a very strong and grown-up person might have fought with a tiger. Do you think he made this remark out of his
(a) experience
(b) wisdom
(c) belief? (Choose the most appropriate word)
(c) belief?

Question 4.
“Can you prove you have courage ?” Swami’s father said (Answer the following questions )
a) Was he joking? or, serious?
b) Was it a challenge? or, a command?
a. He was serious. This we can easily surmise from his insistence on Swami sleeping alone in the office room.
b. It was both a challenge and a command. He challenged Swami to prove that he had courage as his stand was that even if one is small and doesn’t have the strength of a grown-up if one has courage, one can defeat his adversary (opponent). It was a command also as he wouldn’t accept a ‘no’ for an answer from Swami.

Question 5.
The place where Swami usually slept was ______ (Fill in the blank)
beside his granny.

Question 6.
What is disgraceful, according to Swami’s father?
According to Swami’s father, though his son was grown up and in the second form still he was sleeping beside his granny like a baby.

Question 1.
What do you think was the practice of granny before she went to bed?
As usual, granny was loving her grandson and used to tell stories, patting him, taking care and showered her love.

Question 2.
Was Swami really sleeping? Or was he pretending?
Swami was not really sleeping, he was only pretending.

Question 3.
To Swami, his father looked like a ________ (Fill in the blank)
apparition.

Question 4.
Why do you think Swami looked at his granny and his mother while following his father to the room?
Swami looked at his granny and his mother because he hoped that they would come to his rescue and ask his father not to compel Swami to sleep in the office room.

Question 5.
“There might be scorpions before your law books”. Said Swami.
a) Had he seen them earlier? Or were there scorpions really?
Swami might or might not have seen scorpions. From the story, we cannot make out whether he uses this as an excuse to escape sleeping in the office room or whether he had actually seen scorpions. However, since he uses the word ‘might be’ while referring to scorpions behind the law books, we can conclude that he was just using scorpions as an excuse not to sleep in the office room.

b) Was it a trick to escape from his father? (Answer all the questions)
Yes, absolutely it was a trick to escape from his father.

Question 1.
Swami wished that the tiger hadn’t spared the boy, which means ________ (Choose the right answer)
a) he didn’t want the boy to be alive.
b) he didn’t want the tiger to be alive
a) he didn’t want the boy to be alive.

Question 2.
As silence deepened in the room, what was Swami reminded of?
As silence deepened in the room, Swami was reminded of all the stories of devils and ghosts he had heard from his chum Mani and the stories about Munisami’s father and his fourth class friend who had been carried off by a ghost.

Question 3.
Which place in the room did Swami think was safe compact and reassuring?
Swami.thought that it would be safe, compact, and reassuring under the bench.

Question 4.
Swami touched _______ in the room instead of granny, (fill in the blank appropriately)
The wooden leg of the bench

Question 5.
Swami saw a moving creature in the room. It was ________ (Fill in the blank)
b) a scorpion?
c) a man?
c) a man?

Question 1.
Who cried, “Aiyo! Something has bitten me ?”
The burglar cried, “Aiyo! Something has bitten me.

Question 2.
Who did father, cook and a servant stumble upon?
Father, cook, and a servant stumbled upon the burglar who lay amidst the furniture.

Question 3.
Why were congratulations showered on Swami?
Congratulations were showered on Swami because unknowingly he helped to catch the most notorious house-breakers of the district.

Question 4.
Do you think Swami realty wanted to join the police? If not, what did he want to be ?
No, Swami, was not interested to join the police. He wanted to become an engine driver, railway guard or a bus conductor.

Question 5.
Did Swami muster up the courage to sleep alone after the burglar’s incident?
No, Swami did not have so much courage to sleep alone even after the burglar’s incident.

Question 6.
Who supported Swami? His mother or his granny.
His mother supported him.

Question 1.
A report about a boy in the newspaper was an unexpected event in Swami’s life. Justify.
Yes. If his father hadn’t read about the bravery of the village boy, he wouldn’t have started comparing Swami with him. He wouldn’t have challenged Swami to show his bravery. It is unfortunate for Swami that such a rare incident takes place and gets reported in the newspaper and catches the attention of Swami’s father. Yes, indeed, the report about the boy in the newspaper was an unexpected event in Swami’s life.

Question 2.
Swami made a comment on the newspaper report. Was he right? How did his view differ from that of his father?
Swami made a comment on the newspaper report. No, he was not right. But according to his belief, to face the tiger and fight with it means definitely he should be grown up. Swamistrength and age are important to fight but Swami’s father’s view was different. To support his view, he gave an example such as ‘A man may have the strength of an elephant and yet be a coward if he doesn’t fight at all whereas another may have the strength of the straw but if he has courage he can do anything. Courage is everything, strength and age are not important.

Question 3.
What desperate attempts did Swami make to escape from his father?
When Swami’s father challenged him to sleep alone, Swami hoped that he was only joking. He mumbled ‘Yes’ weakly and tried to change the subject by talking about his cricket club. Swami, who was terrified of sleeping alone, tried desperately to make his father change his mind. First of all he tried to change the topic by speaking to his father about the new bats and balls and the decision of his cricket club to admit even elders.

When his father kept to his decision, he tried to postpone the date by promising to sleep alone from the first of the coming month. Next, he pretended to have fallen asleep next to his granny, with the blanket covering his face. But, when his father pulled the blanket away and ordered him to sleep alone, as the last request, he pleaded with his father to allow him to sleep in the hall instead of the office room. But all these attempts turned out to be futile as his father remained resolute in his decision.

Question 4.
Why did Swami conclude that his father’s proposition was frightful?
Swami had a habit of sleeping beside his granny. He was afraid of sleeping alone. In this condition, Swami concluded that his father’s proposition (suggestion) was frightful.

Question 5.
As the night advanced, Swami felt that something terrible would happen to him. What would it be? How would it happen?
When he was in the office-room at night, he remembered all the devil and ghost stories. His friend Mani had seen the devil in the banyan tree, Muniswami’s father spat out blood, his thoughts linked like a chain. Swami thought that something terrible would happen to him. The ghost may come and carry him away. All these thoughts made him faint.

Question 6.
There was absolute silence in the room. In spite of it, some noises reached Swami’s ears. What were they?
The different kinds of noises that reached his ears added to Swami’s fear. In the stillness of the night, even usual sounds added to Swami’s nervousness. The ticking of the clock, the rustle of trees, snoring sounds, and the humming sound of the night were the different sounds that reached Swami’s ears in the stillness of the night.

Question 7.
Narrate Swami’s dreadful experience when he was lying under the bench.
Though Swami fell asleep when he slept under the bench, he was troubled by nightmares. He dreamt of a tiger chasing him, and his inability to escape as his feet were stuck to the ground and wouldn’t move. The tiger was at his back and he could hear the claws scratching the ground. There was also a loud thud. Swami desperately tried to open his eyes, but couldn’t. Finally, when he opened his eyes, he realized that he wasn’t next to his granny. In this wakeful state, he was in for another horror. He could sense something moving down, ‘ and he thought it was the devil that had come to take him. In his desperation, he hugged it with all his strength and bit into it.

Question 8.
How was Swami honoured by classmates, teachers, and the headmaster?.
Swami became a hero in one night. The next day morning congratulations were showered on him. His classmates looked at him with great respect. His teachers patted his back and felt very proud of him. The Headmaster praised him as he was a real scout. Even the police were grateful to him for it.

Question 9.
Why did the father want Swami to sleep alone in the office room?
Father wanted Swami to sleep atone in the office-room to prove courage is everything. According to Swami, age and strength were more important in adventurous tasks. But in Swami’s father’s view, the strength and age were not so important, courage is all. To prove Swami had also courage, he should sleep alone in the office room.

Question 10.
Who do you think was wiser, Swami or his father? Justify your preference.
According to the prose Swami was wiser. Swami was afraid of darkness and loneliness when he saw something was moving he felt that his end had come. He assumed that the devil would pull him and tear him. So why should he wait ? As it came nearer he crawled out from the bench, hugged it and used his teeth like a mortal weapon. This shows at the time of emergency, he used his wisdom. By this act he helped to catch the notorious burglar. So we can justify that Swami was wiser.

Question 11.
Why did Swami feel relieved at the end?
When their father returned home from the club that night, he asked his wife about Swami. Swami as usual slept beside his granny. Father thought that Swami slept before he could return home to avoid him. So he said that he was very clever. For that mother lost her temper and supported Swami and said that he can sleep wherever he likes, there is no need to take such a risk to his life again. Father mumbled that if Swami was spoiled there is no blame on his side, By hearing this conversation Swami felt relieved at the end.

Question 12.
Suppose you are Swami of the story. Write a brief letter to your friend describing how you helped to catch a burglar in your house.

Malgudi
10th April 2017

From,
Swami
Second form
Malgudi
To,
Raju
S/o Muniswamy
2nd Cross, Vidyanagar
My dear Raju,
How are you? I am fine and my parents too. My granny asks you often. How is your school and friends, I hope you are also fine there.
Last week my dad ordered me to sleep in his office-room alone. You know that till today I sleep beside my granny. I was afraid very much, but I had to obey my dad. I slept alone in his office-room. When I was asleep, I heard a sound, I got up and saw that there was something moving towards me. I hugged it and bite with all my strength. There was a cry, by hearing the cry, my dad, servant and family members came and caught the person. To our surprise he was a notorious burglar, like this I helped to catch the burglar though it was not my intention.

Swami

Question 13.
Some words describing the characters of the story ‘A Hero’ are given in brackets. Put them in these columns appropriately. (Caring, protective, innocent, tricky, authoritative, disciplined, helpless, nervous)

 Swami’s father Mother Granny Swami

 Swami’s father Mother Granny Swami disciplined authoritative caring protective innocent tricky helpless nervous

Task – 1: Homophones – Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings and different spellings. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

Question 1.
apples to carry, (too/two)
too.

Question 2.
I ______ a horse at the Marina Beach, (road/rode)
rode

Question 3.
Did you have a _______ for lunch ? (pear/pair)
pear

Question 4.
The books are over _______ on the shelf, (their / there)
there

Task – 2: Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word and complete the story.

This is a _______ (storey / story) told by a (night / knight). Once he received a letter. When he _______ (red / read) it _____ (through’ / threw), he could not believe his own eyes. _______ (Far / For), it was written (buy / by) none other than the queen of the land. She asked him to meet her _______ (at / yet) a secret place. The knight was in a fix. But he thought _______ (of / off) a plan to tide over this problem. He _______ (vent/ went) to the meeting place, not alone, but along with his _______ (fair/fare) wife. Can you guess what happened then ?
Story, knight, read, through, for, by, at, of went, fair..

Task – 3: Scramble the letters to form words. See the meaning clues in brackets.

Question 1.
a t r t e f l _______ (praise)
flatter

Question 2.
b o u d t ________ (suspect)
doubt

Question 3.
r a g t e d y _______ (unhappy ending)
tragedy

Question 4.
r a g f e n m t _______ (a piece)
Ans
fragment

Question 5.
r a e 11 ______ (careful)

Question 6.
c a c s r i y t _______ (short supply)
scarcity

Question 7.
y m t s a t h p e i c _______ (not cruel)
sympathetic

Listen And Comprehend

I once took part in a drama. I wanted to tell my co-actor ‘stars were twinkling, dogs were barking, and a thief broke the wall and took away the clock. ’ But when I went on stage I said, ‘stars were barking, dogs were twinkling, and the thief broke the clock and took away the wall ’. The audience had a great laugh. That day onwards I decided not to go on stage.

Question 1.
Why do you think the audience, on hearing the dialogue, burst into laughter?
Because the actor said the dialogue in the wrong way, it was like a joke, So they burst into laughter.

Question 2.
Try to repeat the words as delivered by the actor
Do it practically, (for student).

Question 3.
If you had been the actor, how would you have said it?
If I had been the actor, I would have practiced correctly and delivered the dialogue effectively.

Task – 1: A man went to an astrologer.

Astrologer: Come to my child, your name is Suraj Khanna.
Khanna: Yes, indeed!
Astrologer: You have two sons and two daughters.
Khanna: How true!
Astrologer: You bought four kilos of sugar and five kilos of rice yesterday, and there are five members of your household remaining after your parents passed away.
Khanna: I am impressed. But can you tell me about my future?
Astrologer: Okay then. Come back with your horoscope booklet tomorrow. And, here, take your ration card back.

Question 1.
Mr. Khanna was surprised at the astrologer’s prediction. What made him feel so?
When Mr. Khanna went to an astrologer, the astrologer said the truth without asking any question. All statements were true. So he was very much impressed and felt surprised. But Mr. Khanna didn’t know that all the details were in his ration card not by the predictions of an astrologer.

Question 2.
Why wasn’t the astrologer able to predict Mr. Khanna’s future?
The astrologer didn’t have Mr. Khanna’s horoscope so he was not able to predict his future.

Question 3.
In the conversation given above, who do you think has better common sense?
In the above conversation, I think that the astrologer has a better common sense.

Task – 2: My brother, an Army doctor, was part of the UN peacekeeping mission in the Congo. At the end of the one year term, his Congolese commander awarded hint a letter of merit that ended with “______ and he worked hard to restore normalcy to the region”.

Which word in the passage above gives the opposite meaning of what was meant to be said?

The word in the passage above which gives the opposite meaning is ‘Hardly’. It is written “ ______ and he worked hard to restore normalcy to the region” “hardly” here gives the meaning that the army doctor ‘almost not’ worked to restore normally in the region.

The correct word, therefore, should be ‘hard’, which means ‘a great deal of effort’. The correct sentence, therefore, is  _______ and he worked ‘hard’ to restore normalcy to the region”.

Task – 3: Look at the cartoon. Interpret it orally with your partner. What is funny as shown in the cartoon?

A man is seen entering the lift. He appears tired and sleepy. Instead of pressing the ‘floor button’ on the lift’s console he is seen pressing the lift man’s coat button.

Learn Grammar Through Communication

Use Of Modals :

Some sentences are given below:

a. Rewrite them beginning with ‘the clue’ given in brackets
b. Identify the language function. One example is given.
e.g: Is it all right if I sit here?
(Begin with ‘could …………..’)
Function. Seeking permission.
Sentence is rewritten:
Could I sit here?

Question 1.
Being with ‘will _____
Function request.

Question 2.
The files are heavy I ’ll carry them for you. Being with ‘would’ ______
Function seeking permission.

Question 3.
That’s your essay. Perhaps you have no objection if I see it. Being with ‘May ______
Function Seeking permission.

Question 4.
Let me switch on the fen, OK? Being with ‘Do you _____
Function seeking permission.

Question 5.
‘Bring the books to my office’ Being with ‘would _________ Function order
1. Will you return my library books?
2. Would you let me carry the files for you?
3. May I see you essay?
4. Do you want me to switch on the fan?
5. Would you bring the books to my office?

Task – 3 : With the help of a dictionary, find out what you can understand about the following words.

1. cheque and check as nouns.
cheque = A written order to a bank to pay money from a bank account to another person.
Check = a sudden stop
a restraint
a test of correctness/accuracy
a square [eq. on a draughtboard]
a pattern of squares

Check-in and check out = to record the arrival and departure.

2. hire and rent as verbs.
hire = to give or get the use of by paying money.
rent = to pay rent for things, house, building, shop etc.,

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
‘A Hero’ is the lesson written by
a) R.K. Narayan
b) K. R. Raja Rao
c) T.R Kailasam
d) Saki
a) R.K. Narayan

Question 2.
R.K. Narayan is widely considered to be the greatest English language
a) Writer
b) Poet
c) Novelist
d) Short story writer
c) Novelist

Question 3.
R.K. Narayan was nominated to
a) Lok Sabha
b) Rajya Sabha
c) Vidhana Sabha
d) Parliament
b) Rajya Sabha

Question 4.
R.K. Narayan’s which novel was adapted for film
a) The Bachelor of Arts
b) The English Teacher
c) A Hero
d) The Guide
c) A Hero

Question 5.
R.K. Narayan’s fictional South Indian Town was
a) Bangalore
b)Malgudi
c) Chennai
b) Malgudi

Question 6.
For Swami, Events took a turn.
a) imaginary
b) expected
c) unexpected
d) usual
c) unexpected

Question 7.
The paragraph of the newspaper described
a) tiger
b) people
c) bravery
d) the fight, the boy had with the tiger
d) the fight, the boy had with the tiger

Question 8.
The opposite of courage is
a) courageous
b) discourage
c) coward
d) encourage
c) coward

Question 9.
The meaning of a proposition is
a) suggestion
b) position
c) fight
d) decision
a) suggestion

Question 10.
Chum means
a) Classmate
b) friend
c) foe
d) a good friend
d) a good friend

Question 11.
The one word for ‘to make someone feel calm ’.
a) reassure
b) rearrange
c) recover
d) reappear
a) reassure

Question 12.
The one word for ‘to make someone suffer great mental pain’.
a) rock
b) rack
c) rolled
d) rescue
b) rack

Question 13.
Nightmare means
a) male horse
b) dream
c) racehorse
d) a frightening dream
d) a frightening dream

Question 14.
“Courage is everything; strength and age are not important”. This statement is according to
a) Swami
b) Swami’s father
c) Author
d) Swami’s granny
b) Swami’s father

Question 15.
Swami’s father sat gazing at the newspaper on his lap.
a) happily
b) casually
c) gloomily
b) casually

Question 16.
According to Swami’s father, how should Swami show his courage?
a) Sleep alone tonight in his office room.
b) Sleep beside his granny.
c) Fight with the tiger
d) Do brave acts.
a) Sleep alone tonight in his office room.

Question 17.
Swami disliked sleeping in his office room because
a) There may be scorpions
b) room was dusty
c) he is not interested to prove his courage
d) he had fear to sleep alone.
d) he had fear to sleep alone.

Question 18.
a) sleep beside his granny
b) sleep beside his mother
e) sleep with anybody
d) sleep alone
a) sleep beside his granny

Question 19.
Swami bit by his teeth was
a) robber
b)Dacoit
c) burglar
d) most notorious house-breaker of the district.
d) most notorious house-breaker of the district.

Question 20.
Molly-coddle means
a) spoiling someone
b) treat someone very kindly and protect the person too much from anything unpleasant.
c) treat someone affectionately
d) Protect too much
b) treat someone very kindly and protect the person too much from anything unpleasant.

Question 21.
What was the feeling of Swami at the end
a) feeling proud
b) happy
c) felt tremendously relieved
d) a hero
c) felt tremendously relieved

II. Match the following :

 S.no A B 1. Sneer a) an angry look or expression 2. Scowl b) moved somewhere quietly and secretly 3. Sternly c) determination 4. Slunk d) interuptedatonce 5. Tenacity e) seriously and strictly 6. Cut in f) speak in a very unkind way

 S.no A B 1. Sneer f) speak in a very unkind way 2. Scowl a) an angry look or expression 3. Sternly e) seriously and strictly 4. Slunk b) moved some where quietly and secretly 5. Tenacity c) determination 6. Cut in d) interuptedatonce

2.

 S.no A B 1. Proposition a) Say something not clearly enough 2. Mumble b) ghost 3. Gesticulations c) an object of ridicule 4. Apparition d) a frightening dream 5. Laughingstock e) Suggestion 6. Nightmare f) to make movements with hands and arms

 S.no A B 1. Proposition e) Suggestion 2. Mumble a) Say something not clearly enough 3. Gesticulations f) to make movements with hands and arms 4. Apparition b) ghost 5. Laughingstock c) an object of ridicule 6. Nightmare d) a frightening dream

Answer the following questions in a word or a sentence each:

Question 1.
When did events take an unexpected turn for Swami?
Events took an unexpected turn for Swami when a report about the bravery of a village lad appeared in the newspaper.

Question 2.
Who did the village lad fight, according to the newspaper?
A tiger.

Question 3.
What, according to Swami’s father, was more important than strength or age?
Courage.

Question 4.
How did Swami’s father want Swami to prove that he had the courage?
Swami’s father wanted Swami to sleep alone that night in his office room.

Question 5.
Where did Swami sleep usually?
Swami always slept beside his granny in the passage.

Question 6.
What class was Swami in?
In the second form.

Question 7.
What did Swami’s father intend to do if Swami did not sleep in his office that night?
Swami’s father intended to make Swami the laughing stock of his school if he did not sleep in his office that night.

Question 8.
On what condition did the father agree to leave the door open?
Father agreed to leave the door open on the condition that Swami wouldn’t roll up the bed and go to granny’s side at night.

Question 9.
Why did Swami feel cut off from humanity?
Swami, who was used to sleeping with his granny, felt cut off from humanity when his father forced him to sleep alone in his office.

Question 10.
Where had Mani seen the devil?
Mani had seen the devil in the banyan tree at his street end.

Question 11.
What noises did Swami hear at night when he slept alone?
Swami heard the ticking off the clock, rustle of trees, snoring sounds, and some vague night insects humming through the stillness.

Question 12.
Where did Swami sleep in his father’s office?
Under a bench.

Question 13.
Who did Swami fear would attack him?
Swami feared that the devil would attack him.

Question 14.
How did the headmaster praise Swami?
The headmaster praised Swami saying that he was a true scout.

Question 15.
Why did Swami go to sleep before his father returned from the club?
‘Swami did not want his father to make him sleep in his office again that night. So he went to sleep before his father returned from the club.

Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each:

Question 1.
How does Swami react to the praise he receives?
Swami does not reveal the truth to anyone and. when the police inspector suggests that he join the police force when he grows up, Swami does not reveal to him his desire to become an engine driver, a railway guard, or a bus conductor.

Question 2.
‘Swami disputed the theory’. What was the theory?
OR
How was Swami’s view about courage different from that of his father?
Referring to the newspaper Swami’s father said that a man may have the strength of an elephant and yet be a coward; whereas another may have the strength of a straw, but if he had the courage he could do anything. Courage was everything, strength and age were not important. But Swami disputed this theory saying even if he had the courage what could he do if a tiger were to attack him.

Question 3.
Where did Swami shift his bed too? Why?
As Swami slept on the bench in his father’s office, he remembered all the stories of devils and ghosts he had heard. He expected the devils to come at any moment and carry him away. He could hardly sleep. Suddenly the space under the bench seemed to him to be a much safer place. He got up hurriedly, spread his bed under the bench, and crouched there.

Question 4.
What made Swami attack the burglar first?
OR
In the darkness, Swami felt something was moving down. What did he do then?
As Swami woke up from his nightmare, he sweated with fright. He heard some rustling and he stared into the darkness only to find something moving. He thought that the devil had come to tear him. He knew that his end was near and hence saw no point in waiting for it. As it came nearer, he crawled out from under the bench, hugged it with all his might, and bit into it. It was only later that he realized it was a burglar he had bitten and not the devil.

Question 5.
When was Swami greatly relieved? Why?
After the burglar incident, Swami’s mother intervened and told Swami’s father that he shouldn’t risk Swami’s life by making him sleep alone. Swami’s father mumbled that she could do what she liked and that he shouldn’t be blamed later., Swami followed the conversation from under the blanket. He felt greatly relieved on realizing that his father had given up on him and would no longer compel him to sleep alone.

Question 6.
How did Swami try to change the subject when his father challenged him to sleep alone?
When Swami’s father challenged him to sleep alone, Swami hoped that he was only joking. He mumbled “Yes’ weakly and tried to change the subject by talking about his cricket club. He said loudly and with a lot of enthusiasm that they were going to admit even elders in their club hereafter. He added that they were going to buy brand new bats and balls. But before he could continue any further, his father cut in and insisted that he sleep alone thereafter.

Question 7.
In which part of the office did Swami decide to sleep? Why did he select this place?
Swami spread his bed under the bench in the office and crept in there to sleep. It seemed to be a much safer place, more compact and reassuring.

Question 8.
What made Swami’s father, his cook and his servant rush up to the office room?
When Swami sleeps in his father’s office he has nightmares about the ghost and wakes up with a start. At the same time, Swami spots an intruder breaking into the office. Mistaking him for the ghost, Swami grabs the intruder’s leg and bites it. The burglar is caught unawares and shouts loudly that something has bitten him. He tumbles and falls amidst the furniture. Hearing the commotion, Swami’s father, his cook, and his servant rush up to the office room.

Question 9.
How did Swami’s father react to the story in the newspaper? What did he want Swami to do?
Swami’s father did not have an iota of doubt about the bravery of the village lad who had fought a tiger. He was of the opinion that though the boy was small, since he was courageous, he could do anything. Unlike his father Swami was of the opinion that even if the boy had the courage, since he was small, he wouldn’t stand a chance against a tiger. Since Swami had a different opinion, his father challenged him to prove that he had courage by sleeping alone that night in his office room.

Answer the following questions in 5-6/8-10 sentences each:

Question 1.
Why does Swami think that the idea that he should sleep in his father’s office room is a frightful proposition? How does he try to change the subject? Why does he fail?
Swami is not used to sleeping alone as he has always slept with his granny or mother. Secondly, the room that his father has asked him to sleep in is the office room where Swami feels cut off from humanity. Thirdly, Swami has heard stories of ghosts and believes in them. He tries to change the subject by assuring his father that he would start sleeping alone from the coming month. He fails in his attempts because of the tenacity of his father.

Question 2.
Why did everyone congratulate Swami?
OR
How did Swami become a hero?
As Swami slept in his father’s office, he was woken up by a rustling. In the darkness, he saw something moving towards him. He thought that the devil had come to get him. As it came nearer, he crawled out from under the bench, hugged it with all his might, and bit into it. The burglar, who had been mistaken for the devil, gave out a loud cry. In a moment his father, cook and a servant came there and overpowered him. The police were grateful to Swami because the burglar was one of the most notorious house-breakers of the district. Congratulations were showered on Swami and he became a hero overnight.

Question 3.
How was Swami successful in fulfilling the intention of his father to prove his courage?
Swami proves his courage to his father, not by intention but by accident. When Swami is forced by his father to sleep in the office, Swami gets frightened of ghosts. He recollects the various stories he has heard about ghosts from his friends and is unable to sleep for a long time. Finally, he sleeps below the bench, finding the place more secure. However, he has nightmares about the ghost and wakes up with a start. At the same time, Swami spots an intruder breaking into the office.

Mistaking him for the ghost, Swami grabs the intruder’s leg and bites hard, in desperation and self-defense. The intruder finds the pain unbearable and yells out in agony. The members of the house rush inside the office and catch the intruder. All of them think that it was a heroic attempt on Swami’s part to catch the thief, and so, they have a lot of admiration for Swami. The police congratulate Swami and tell him that the intruder was a thief wanted by the police in a number of cases. Swami receives respect from his classmates and accolades from his teachers and headmaster and, more importantly, shows his courage to his father.

Question 1.
“You think you are wiser than the newspaper?”
a) Who is being questioned here?
b) Why is he being questioned?
c) What report did the newspaper carry?
a) Swami is being questioned here.
b) Swami argues with his father about a small boy who bravely fought a tiger. Swami is of the opinion that it wouldn’t have been possible for a small boy to fight a tiger. At that time Swami’s father questions Swami in this sarcastic manner.
c) The newspaper carried a report about the bravery of a village lad who had come face-to-face with a tiger.

Question 2.
“It is disgraceful sleeping beside granny or mother like a baby.”
a) Who is being called a baby?
b) What was considered disgraceful?
c) Why did the speaker think that it was disgraceful?
a) Swami is being called a baby.
b) The father thought that it was disgraceful for someone in the second form to sleep beside his granny or mother.
c) Swami was studying in the second form. Hence his father, the speaker, thought that it was disgraceful for him to sleep beside his granny or mother.

Question 3.
“If you do it, I’ll make you the laughing stock of your school.”
a) Who is the ‘you’ referred to?
b) What did Swami’s father expect him to do?
c) What would he do if Swami did so?
a) The ‘you’ refers to Swami.
b) Swami’s father expected Swami to roll up the bed and go to granny’s side at night.
c) Swami’s father threatened to tell all his friends at school that Swami was scared of sleeping in the dark and only slept next to his grandmother or mother.

Question 4.
“A frightful proposition, Swami thought”.
a) What was the frightful proposition?
b) Why did Swami regard it as frightful?
c) What does ‘proposition’ mean in this context?
a) The frightful proposition was that Swami’s father wanted him to sleep alone in the office room that night.
b) Swami was not used to sleeping alone. He used to sleep with his granny in the passage. Also, Swami felt that the office room where his father asked him to sleep, was cut off from humanity. He had also heard stories about ghosts. Hence Swami regarded it as frightful.
c) Suggestion.

Question 5.
“Your office room is very dusty and there may be scorpions behind your law books”.
a) When did Swami make this remark?
b) Why did Swami make this remark?
c) What does it reveal about his character?
a) When his father forced him to sleep alone in his office room.
b) Swami made this remark because he wanted an excuse for not sleeping in the office room.
c) Swami was afraid to sleep alone. But he did not have the courage to tell this to his father.

Question 6.
“Aiyo, something has bitten me”.
a) Who said this? OR Who is the speaker?
b) Why had he been bitten?
c) How did the speaker suffer as a result of being bitten?
a) The burglar.
b) Swami thought that it was the devil that had come to attack him. So, he bit him to save himself.
c) The speaker, a burglar, shouted in pain. This brought the people of the house there leading to his arrest.

Question 7.
“Congratulations were showered on Swami the next day”.
a) Why was Swami congratulated?
b) Do you feel Swami deserves the praise? Give reason.
a) Swami had caught one of the notorious housebreakers of the district.
b) No. Swami had bitten the burglar out of fright. He was not really a hero.

### A Hero Summary in English

‘A Hero’ was written by well known English Novelist R.K. Narayan. This is the extract taken by his familiar novel ‘Swami and his friends In this novel Swami was a boy of 11-12 years age. He was so simple, innocent, non – a courageous boy born in a middle-class South Indian family. His family members were his father, mother, granny, and little baby. His father was most disciplined and authoritative.

His mother and granny were more caring, protective, and he was obedient to his father. In this extract, once his father was reading the newspaper and called Swami and narrated the tiger s incident. The brave lad faced the tiger and flew up the tree until some people came and killed the tiger. Swami’s father asked Swami’s opinion about the incident. Swami said that facing the tiger alone means he might be a strong grown up man not a boy at all. Father said that courage is more important, strength and age are not so important. Swami did not agree, so father challenged him to show his courage by sleeping alone in his office- worn. The poor chap Swami was afraid and wished to change the topic, he started talking about the cricket club.

But his father was so determined and commanded .him to sleep alone in his office-room. To avoid this, Swami gave many excuses and he was not ready to sleep alone. Father said it was shame to sleep beside granny, or mother like a baby though he was grown up and studying in the second form. Father looked at his wife ‘ while talking, but she was not ready to take the abuses that she was spoiling her son. So she said that his granny was spoiling him. Swami s father kept quiet. At that time swami silently went towards his bed. Granny called him and asked why he didn’t want to hear a story on that day as usual. Swami wanted to escape from his father,so he threw himself on his bed and pulled the blanket over his face. Seeing this granny told that not to cover his face and asked whether he was really very sleepy. Swami got angry on his granny and pretended to have slept. Father came and made him to get up and asked him to follow.

Granny recommended Swami and questioned Swami s father why did he disturb him. Mother also supported her son and suggested to sleep him in the hall. But father didn’t listen to their words. Swami was not ready to sleep in the office-room, he said it was very dusty and there may be scorpions behind the law books. But father did not agree and ordered him to sleep in the office-room only, otherwise, he would make him laughing stock at school, He was afraid of darkness so he asked permission to have the burning lamp. For this also father; didn’t agree because he wanted Swami to learn not to be afraid of darkness.

Finally, Swami requested to leave the office – room door open. For that father agreed. There was no way to avoid his father. So Swami went to office-room. While he was in the room he hated the news printed in the newspaper about the tiger and wished that the tiger had not spared the boy. As the night advanced and the silence deepened his heartbeat fastened. He remembered the scary devil and ghost stories that he had heard. He was very much afraid to be alone in the room. He could hear all types of sounds like ticking off the clock, rustle of trees, snoring sounds, etc., in the calmness of night very clearly.

Every moment in his thought the devils would come and carry him away. He was full of fear, he didn’t know what to do? He got up and spread his bed under the bench and crouched there. He shut his eyes tight and fell asleep. He was racked with nightmares in his sleep. Nightmares continued ……… a tiger was chasing him, the tiger was at his back, the fear of tiger that it may catch him continued. He groaned in despair.

After some time by much effort he opened his eyes, he touched the wooden leg of the bench assuming that granny was at his side. He sweated with fear. At that time Swami saw something moving, he thought his end had come, why should he wait? As it came nearer, he hugged it and bite it with all his strength like a mortal weapon. The man (burglar) screamed with pain and fell amidst of furniture.

By hearing the cry of a man, father, cook and a servant came. All three of them caught the burglar. This burglar was most notorious housebreakers of the district and he was a challenge for police. Next day congratulations were showered on Swami. His classmates looked at him with great respect. His teachers and headmaster were also proud of him. Swami became a Hero in one night and all were happy. At night father asked where is Swami ? for that mother replied that he already slept in his usual place. Mother also continued her talk and informed that let him sleep where he likes, need not risk his life again. Father mumbled that if Swami was spoiled then there is no blame from his side. Swami heard the whole conversation of his parents and felt relieved that his father was giving him up at last.

## KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Ex 3.2

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Ex 3.2 are part of KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Maths Solutions. Here we have given Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Exercise 3.2.

## Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Exercise 3.2

Find the Value of x is used to consider unknown value.

Question 1.
Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and find their solutions graphically.
(i) 10 students of Class X took part in a Mathematics quiz. If the number of girls is 4 more than the number of boys, find the number of boys and girls who took part in the quiz.
(ii) 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost Rs. 50, whereas 7 pencils and 5 pens together cost Rs. 46. Find the cost of one pencil and that of one pen.
Solution:
(i) Strength of the X Std. is 10
Number of boys be ‘y’, then
number of girls be ‘x’ .
x + y = 10 …….. (i)
x = y + 4
∴ x – y = 4 ………. (ii)
From equations (i) + (ii)

$$\quad x=\frac{14}{2}=7$$
Substituting the value of ‘x’ in eqn. (i),
x + y = 10
7 + y = 10
y = 10 – 7
y = 4.
∴ Number of girls, x = 7
Number of boys, y = 4.

(ii) Cost of each pencil be Rs. ‘x’
Cost of pen be Rs. ‘y’
5x + 7y = 50 ………. (i)
7x + 5y = 46 ……….. (ii)
From equation (i) + equation (ii)

∴ x + y = 8 …………… (iii)
from Eqn. (ii) – Eqn. (i),

∴ -x + y = 2 …………. (iv)
Eqn. (iii) + Eqn. (iv)

∴ y = 5
Substituting the value of ‘y’ in eqn. (i)
x + y = 8
x + 5 = 8
∴ x = 8 – 5 x = 3
∴Cost of each pencil is Rs. 3.
Cost of each pen is Rs. 5.

Question 2.
On comparing the ratios $$\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}, \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}} \text { and } \frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}$$ find out whether the lines representing the following pairs of linear equations intersect at a point, are parallel or coincident:
i) 5x – 4y + 8 = 0
7x + 6y – 9 = 0
ii) 9x + 3y + 12 = 0
18x + 6y + 24 = 0
iii) 6x – 3y + 10 = 0
2x – y + 9 = 0
Solution:
i) 5x – 4y + 8 = 0 a1= 5, b1 = -4, C1= 8
7x + 6y – 9 = 0 a2 = 7, b2= 6, c2= -9
$$\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}=\frac{5}{7} \quad \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}=\frac{-4}{6} \quad \frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}=\frac{8}{-9}$$
Here, $$\frac{\mathbf{a}_{1}}{\mathbf{a}_{2}} \neq \frac{\mathbf{b}_{1}}{\mathbf{b}_{2}}$$
∴ Lines representing the pairs of linear equations intersect at a point.

ii) 9x + 3y + 12 = 0
18x + 6y + 24 = 0
a1 =9, b1 = 3, c1 = 12
a2 = 18, b2 = 6, c2 = 24
$$\frac{\mathrm{a}_{1}}{\mathrm{a}_{2}}=\frac{9}{18}=\frac{1}{2} \quad \frac{\mathrm{b}_{1}}{\mathrm{b}_{2}}=\frac{3}{6}=\frac{1}{2}$$
$$\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}=\frac{12}{24}=\frac{1}{2}$$
Here, $$\frac{\mathrm{a}_{1}}{\mathrm{a}_{2}}=\frac{\mathrm{b}_{1}}{\mathrm{b}_{2}}=\frac{\mathrm{c}_{1}}{\mathrm{c}_{2}}$$
∴ Representation of lines graphically are coincident.

iii) 6x – 3y + 10 = 0
2x – y + 9 = 0
Here, a1 = 6, b1 = -3, c1 = 10
a2 = 2, b2 = -1, c2 = 9
$$\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}=\frac{6}{2}=\frac{3}{1} \quad \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}=\frac{-3}{-1}=\frac{3}{1}$$
$$\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}=\frac{10}{9}$$
Here, $$\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}=\frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}} \neq \frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}$$
∴ Representation of lines graphically is parallel.

Question 3.
On compairing the ratios $$\frac{\mathrm{a}_{1}}{\mathrm{a}_{2}}, \frac{\mathrm{b}_{1}}{\mathrm{b}_{2}}$$ and $$\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}$$ find out whether the following pair of linear equations are consistent, or inconsistent.
i) 3x + 2y = 5; 2x – 3y = 7
ii) 2x – 3y = 8; 4x-6y = 9
iii) $$\frac{3}{2} x+\frac{5}{3} y=7 : 9 x-10 y=14$$
iv) 5x – 3y = 11: -10x – 6y = -22
v) $$\frac{4}{3} x+2 y=8 ; 2 x+3 y=12$$
Solution:
i) 3x + 2y = 5 ⇒ 3x + 2y – 5 = 0
2x – 3y = 7 ⇒ 2x – 3y – 7 = 0
Here, a1 = 3, b1 = 2, c1 = -5
a2 = 2, b2 = -3, c2 = -7
$$\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}=\frac{3}{2} \quad \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}=-\frac{2}{3} \quad \frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}=\frac{-5}{-7}=\frac{5}{7}$$
Here, $$\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}} \neq \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}$$
∴ Graphical representation is intersecting lines.
∴ Pair of linear equations are consistent.

ii) 2x – 3y = 8 ⇒ 2x – 3y – 8 = 0
4x – 6y = 9 ⇒ 4x – 6y – 9 = 0
a1 = 2, b1 = -3, c1 = -8
a2 = 4, b2 = -6, c2 = -9
$$\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}=\frac{2}{4}=\frac{1}{2} \quad \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}=\frac{-3}{-6}=\frac{1}{2}$$
$$\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}=\frac{-8}{-9}=\frac{8}{9}$$
Here, $$\frac{\mathrm{a}_{1}}{\mathrm{a}_{2}}=\frac{\mathrm{b}_{1}}{\mathrm{b}_{2}} \neq \frac{\mathrm{c}_{1}}{\mathrm{c}_{2}}$$
∴ Graphical representation is parallel lines.
∴ Equations are inconsistent.

iii) $$\frac{3}{2} x+\frac{5}{3} y=7 \quad \frac{3}{2} x+\frac{5}{3} y-7=0$$
9x – 10y = 14 ⇒ 9x – 10y – 14 = 0
$$a_{1}=\frac{3}{2}, \quad b_{1}=\frac{5}{3}, \quad c_{1}=-7$$
a2 = 9, b2 = -10, c2 = -17
$$\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}=\frac{3}{2} \times \frac{1}{9} \quad \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}=\frac{5}{3} \times \frac{-1}{6}$$
$$\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}=\frac{-7}{-14}=\frac{7}{14}=\frac{1}{2}$$
Here, $$\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}} \neq \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}$$
∴ Pair of equations are consistent

iv) 5x – 3y = 11 ⇒ 5x – 3y – 11 = 0
-10x + 6y = – 22 ⇒ -10x + 6y + 22 = 0
a1 = 5, b1 = -3, c1 = -11
a2 = -10, b2 = 6, c2 = -22
$$\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}=\frac{5}{-10}=-\frac{1}{2} \quad \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}=\frac{-3}{6}=-\frac{1}{2}$$
$$\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}=\frac{-11}{22}=-\frac{1}{2}$$
Here, $$\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}=\frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}=\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}$$
∴ Pair of equations are consistent
∴ Graphical representation is coninciding.

v) $$\frac{4}{3} x+2 y=8 \quad \frac{4}{3} x+26-8=0$$
2x + 3y = 12 ⇒ 2x + 3y – 12 = 0
$$a_{1}=\frac{4}{3}, \quad b_{1}=2, \quad c_{1}=-8$$
a2 = 2, b2 = 3, c2 = -12
$$\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}=\frac{4}{3} \times \frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{6} \quad \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}=\frac{2}{3}$$
$$\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}=\frac{-8}{-12}=\frac{2}{3}$$
Here, $$\frac{\mathbf{a}_{1}}{\mathbf{a}_{2}} \neq \frac{\mathbf{b}_{1}}{\mathbf{b}_{2}}$$
∴ Pair of equations are consistent

Question 4.
Which of the following pairs of linear equations are consistent/inconsistent? If consistent obtain the solution graphically
(i) x + y = 5, 2x + 2y = 10
(ii) x-y = 8 3x-3y= 16
(iii) 2x + y – 6 = 0 4x – 2y – 4 = 0
(iv) 2x – 2y – 2 = 0 4x – 3y – 5 = 0
Solution:
(i) x + y = 5 ⇒ x + y – 5 = 0
2x + 2y = 10 ⇒ 2x + 2y – 10 = 0
a1 = 1, b1 = 1, c1 = -5
a2 = 2, b2 = 2, c2 = -10
$$\frac{\mathrm{a}_{1}}{\mathrm{a}_{2}}=\frac{1}{2} \quad \frac{\mathrm{b}_{1}}{\mathrm{b}_{2}}=\frac{1}{2} \quad \frac{\mathrm{c}_{1}}{\mathrm{c}_{2}}=\frac{-5}{-10}=\frac{1}{2}$$
Here, $$\frac{\mathrm{a}_{1}}{\mathrm{a}_{2}}=\frac{\mathrm{b}_{1}}{\mathrm{b}_{2}}=\frac{\mathrm{c}_{1}}{\mathrm{c}_{2}}$$
∴ Pair of equations are consistent
(i) x + y = 5
y = 5 – x

 x 0 2 4 y = 5 – x 5 3 1

(ii) 2x + 2y = 10
x + y = 5
y = 5 – x

 x 0 2 5 y = 5 – x 5 3 0

∴ We can give any value for ‘x’, i.e., solutions are infinite.
∴ Solution, P (5, 0) x = 5, y = 0

(ii) x – y = 8 ⇒ x – y – 8 = 0
3x – 3y = 16 ⇒ 3x – 3y – 16 = 0
Here, $$\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}=\frac{1}{3} \quad \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}=\frac{-1}{-3}=\frac{1}{3}$$
$$\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}=\frac{-8}{-16}=\frac{1}{2}$$
$$\quad \frac{\mathrm{a}_{1}}{\mathrm{a}_{2}}=\frac{\mathrm{b}_{1}}{\mathrm{b}_{2}} \neq \frac{\mathrm{c}_{1}}{\mathrm{c}_{2}}$$
∴ Linear equations are inconsistenttent.
∴ Algebraically it has no solution.
Graphical representation → Parallel Lines.
(i) x – y = 8
-y = 8 – x
y = -8 + x

 x 8 10 9 y = -8+x 0 2 1

(ii) 3x – 3y = 16
-3y = 16 – 3x
3y = -16 + 3x
$$\quad y=\frac{-16+3 x}{3}$$

 x 6 8 $$y=\frac{-16+3 x}{3}$$ 0.8 2.6

No solution because it is inconsistent

(iii) 2x + y – 6 = 0
4x – 2y – 4 = 0
Here a1 = 2, b1 = 1, c1 = -6
a2 = 4, b2 = -2, c2 = -4
$$\frac{\mathrm{a}_{1}}{\mathrm{a}_{2}}=\frac{2}{4}=\frac{1}{2} \quad \frac{\mathrm{b}_{1}}{\mathrm{b}_{2}}=\frac{1}{-2}$$
$$\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}=\frac{-6}{-4}=\frac{3}{2}$$
Here, $$\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}} \neq \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}$$
Pair of equations are consistent. Algebraically both lines intersect.
Graphical Representation :
(i) 2x + y = 6
y = 6 – 2x

 x 0 2 y = 6 – 2x 6 2

(ii) 4x – 2y – 4 = 0
4x – 2y = 4
-2y = 4 – 4x
2y = -4 + 4x
$$\quad y=\frac{-4+4 x}{2}$$

 x 1 3 $$y=\frac{-4+4 x}{2}$$ 0 4

Solution: intersecting point, P (2, 2) i.e., x = 2, y = 2

(iv) 2x – 2y – 2 = 0
4x – 3y – 5 = 0
a1 = 2, b1 = -2, c1 = -2
a2 = 4, b2 = -3, c2 = -5
$$\frac{\mathrm{a}_{1}}{\mathrm{a}_{2}}=\frac{2}{4}=\frac{1}{2} \quad \frac{\mathrm{b}_{1}}{\mathrm{b}_{2}}=\frac{-2}{-3}=\frac{2}{3}$$
$$\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}=\frac{-2}{-5}=\frac{2}{5}$$
Here, $$\frac{\mathrm{a}_{1}}{\mathrm{a}_{2}} \neq \frac{\mathrm{b}_{1}}{\mathrm{b}_{2}}$$
Pair of equations are consistent.
∴ Algebraically both lines intersect.
Graphical Representation :
(i) 2x – 2y – 2 =0
2x – 2y = 2
-2y = 2 – 2x
2y = -2 + 2x
$$\quad y=\frac{-2+2 x}{2}$$
∴ y = – 1 + x

 x 2 4 y= -1+ x 1 3

(ii) 4x – 3y – 5 = 0
4x – 3y = 5
-3y = 5 – 4x
3y = -5 + 4x
$$\quad y=\frac{-5+4 x}{3}$$

 x 2 5 $$y=\frac{-5+4 x}{3}$$ 1 5

Solution: P(2, 1) i.e., x = 2, y = 1

Question 5.
Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose length is 4m more than its width, is 36m. Find the dimensions of the garden.

Solution:
Length of rectangular garden be ‘x’ m.
Breadth of rectangular garden be ‘y’ m, then
Length of the garden is 4m more than its width.
x = y + 4 ……….. (i)
x – y = 4
Half of the circumference is 36 m.
$$\frac{2 x+2 y}{2}=36$$
2x + 2y = 72
x + y = 36 …………… (ii)
∴ x – y = 4 (i)
x + y = 36 (ii)
From eqn. (i) + eqn. (ii)

$$\quad x=\frac{40}{2}$$
∴ x = 20 m.
Substituting the value of ’x’ in eqn. (i)
x – y = 4
20 – y = 4
-y = 4 – 20
-y = -16
y = 16 m.
∴ Length of the garden = 20 m.
Breadth of the garden = 16 m.

Question 6.
Given the linear equation 2x + 3y – 8 = 0, write another linear equation in two variables such that the geometrical representation of the pair so formed is :
(i) intersecting lines
(ii) parallel lines
(iii) coincident lines.
Solution:
Linear equation is 2x + 3y – 8 = 0.
(i) Linear equations for intersecting lines:
2x + 3y – 8 = 0
3x + 2y – 7 = 0
a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1 = -8
a2 = 3, b2 = 2, c2 = -7
$$\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}=\frac{2}{3} \quad \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}=\frac{3}{2}$$
Here, when $$\frac{\mathrm{a}_{1}}{\mathrm{a}_{2}} \neq \frac{\mathrm{b}_{1}}{\mathrm{b}_{2}}$$ Geometrical representation is intersecting lines.

(ii) For Parallel lines :
2x + 3y – 8 = 0
2x + 3y – 12 = 0
a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1= -8
a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1 = -12
$$\frac{\mathrm{a}_{1}}{\mathrm{a}_{2}}=\frac{2}{2}=\frac{1}{1} \quad \frac{\mathrm{b}_{1}}{\mathrm{b}_{2}}=\frac{3}{3}=\frac{1}{1}$$
$$\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}=\frac{-8}{-12}=\frac{8}{12}=\frac{2}{3}$$
Here, $$\frac{\mathrm{a}_{1}}{\mathrm{a}_{2}}=\frac{\mathrm{b}_{1}}{\mathrm{b}_{2}} \neq \frac{\mathrm{c}_{1}}{\mathrm{c}_{2}}$$ hence
Graphical representation is parallel lines.

(iii) For Intersecting lines :
2x + 3y – 8 = 0
4x + 6y – 16 = 0
a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1 = -8
a1 = 4, b1 = 6, c1 = -16
$$\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}=\frac{2}{4}=\frac{1}{2} \quad \frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}=\frac{3}{6}=\frac{1}{2}$$
$$\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}}=\frac{-8}{-16}=\frac{1}{2}$$
Here,
∴ Lines are intersecting.

Question 7.
Draw the graphs of the equations x – y + 1 =0 and 3x + 2y – 12 = 0. Determine the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the x-axis, and shade the triangular region.
Solution:
x – y + 1 = 0 ………. (i)
3x – 2y – 12 = 0 ……….. (ii)
x – y + 1 = 0
-y = -x -1
y = x + 1

 x 2 4 y = x + 1 3 5

3x + 2y – 12 = 0
2y = -3x + 12
$$\quad y=\frac{-3 x+12}{2}$$

 x 0 2 $$y=\frac{-3 x+12}{2}$$ 6 3

Graphs of these two equations intersect at A. Vertices formed for ∆ABC are,
A (2, 3), B (-1, 0), C (4, 0).

We hope the given KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Ex 3.2 will help you. If you have any query regarding Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Exercise 3.2, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

Expert Teachers at KSEEBSolutions.com has created KSEEB Karnataka SSLC Kannada Model Question Papers 2021-2022 with Answers Pdf Download of KSEEB Class 10th Std Kannada Previous Year Model Question Papers, Sample Papers are part of Karnataka SSLC Model Question Papers with Answers.

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## SSLC Kannada Model Question Papers 2021-22 Karnataka State Syllabus

These 1st language and 2nd language Kannada Question Papers Class 10 Karnataka State Syllabus 2021-22 are useful to understand the pattern of questions asked in the board exam. Know about the important concepts to be prepared for Karnataka Board Exams and Score More marks.

These KSEEB Kannada Model Question Papers 2021-2022 are designed according to the latest exam pattern, so it will help students to know the exact difficulty level of the SSLC Kannada Model Question Papers 2021-22.

SSLC Kannada Model Question Papers for Class 10 State Syllabus Karnataka (1st Language)

SSLC Kannada Model Question Papers for Class 10 State Syllabus Karnataka (2nd Language)

SSLC Kannada Model Question Papers for Class 10 State Syllabus Karnataka (3rd Language)

### Karnataka SSLC 3rd Language Kannada Model Question Paper Design

We hope the Karnataka State Board Syllabus KSEEB SSLC 10th Kannada Model Question Papers 2021-2022 with Key Answers Pdf Download of KSEEB Class 10th Std 1st and 2nd Language Kannada Previous Year Model Question Papers, Sample Papers will help you.

If you have any queries regarding Karnataka State Syllabus KSEEB 10th Standard First Second Language Kannada Model Question Papers 2021-22 with Answers Pdf, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

## Karnataka SSLC Social Science Model Question Papers 2021-2022 with Answers

Expert Teachers at KSEEBSolutions.com has created KSEEB Karnataka SSLC Social Science Model Question Papers 2021-2022 with Answers Pdf Download of KSEEB Class 10th Std Social Science Previous Year Model Question Papers, Sample Papers in Kannada Medium and English Medium are part of Karnataka SSLC Model Question Papers with Answers.

Here we have given Karnataka Secondary Education Examination Board KSEEB SSLC Social Science Model Question Papers for Class 10 State Syllabus Karnataka 2021-22 with Answers Pdf. Students can also read Karnataka SSLC KSEEB Solutions for Class 10 Social Science.

 Board KSEEB, Karnataka State Board Textbook KTBS, Karnataka Class SSLC Class 10 Subject Social Science Chapter Previous Year Model Question Papers, Sample Papers Year of Examination 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 Category KSEEB Question Papers with Answers

## Social Science Model Question Papers for Class 10 Karnataka State Syllabus 2021-22

These SSLC 10th Social Science Model Question Papers 2021-2022 Karnataka State Board Kannada Medium and English Medium are useful to understand the pattern of questions asked in the board exam. Know about the important concepts to be prepared for Karnataka Board Exams and Score More marks.

These 10th Social Science Question Paper 2021-22 State Board Karnataka are designed according to the latest exam pattern, so it will help students to know the exact difficulty level of the question papers.

SSLC Social Science Model Question Papers for Class 10 State Syllabus Karnataka in English Medium

SSLC Social Science Model Question Papers for Class 10 State Syllabus Karnataka in Kannada Medium

### Karnataka SSLC Social Science Model Question Paper Design

Instructions for preparing the SSLC Social Science Question Papers:

• In the 10th Social Science Model Question Papers Karnataka State Board, there are Four 4 marks questions (8 to 10 points), of which only one is given a choice, which should be selected from the History theme only.
• In SSLC Social Science Question Papers 2020 Kannada Medium, there are 9 three marks questions (6 to 8 points) out of which choice is given to four questions one from History, one from Geography, one from Economics, and one from Business Studies only.
• In SSLC Social Science Model Question Papers with Answers, there are 8 questions of 2 marks out of which only two of them will have choice selected from Political Science and Sociology only.
• In SSLC Model Question Papers Social Science English Medium, the question on map drawing should be asked only from the geography part and the locations, rivers, projects, natural divisions etc. Should be given in the textbook’s map or given in the explanation part in the textbook.
• While preparing the question paper, the Karnataka SSLC Social Science Model Question Papers with Answers should be prepared in accordance with the subject, category and objectives specified.

The basic objectives of using the new questionnaires are:

• This is done with the expectation that the children are just statistical and aiming at only marks not knowledge.
• Present days children and parents simply do not care about knowledge unless they are in the process of scoring.
• Children will not learn until what they have learned in the classroom is used in their lives.
• Learning should not be just memorizing. For all these reasons, a change in the testing system is essential.

Its purposes and uses

• To bring Innovation in children’s learning.
• Changes in the way of children being taught should be not just by memory but by logical thinking.
• Teaching all lessons with equal priority.
• Learning should not be a forced practice but learning should be by love.
• The main purpose is to bring cognitive development in the children
• Its mission is to develop language skills and writing skills in children.
• At first there were 47 questions and the short answer questions were more. But the questions were not encouraging the writing skills so long answer questions in the current model are more promising.
• There are totally 38 questions.
• Nine 3 mark questions and four 4 marks questions are increased along with one 5 mark question.

We hope the Karnataka State Board Syllabus KSEEB SSLC 10th Social Science Model Question Papers 2021-2022 with Key Answers Pdf Download of KSEEB Class 10th Std Social Science Previous Year Model Question Papers, Sample Papers in Kannada Medium and English Medium will help you.

If you have any queries regarding Karnataka State Syllabus KSEEB 10th Standard Social Science Model Question Papers 2021-22 with Answers Pdf, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

## Karnataka SSLC Hindi Model Question Papers 2021-2022 with Answers

Expert Teachers at KSEEBSolutions.com has created KSEEB Karnataka SSLC Hindi Model Question Papers 2021-2022 with Answers Pdf Download of KSEEB Class 10th Std Hindi Previous Year Model Question Papers, Sample Papers are part of Karnataka SSLC Model Question Papers with Answers.

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## SSLC Hindi Model Question Papers 2021-2022 Karnataka State Syllabus

These Hindi Question Papers Class 10 Karnataka State Syllabus are useful to understand the pattern of questions asked in the board exam. Know about the important concepts to be prepared for Karnataka Board Exams and Score More marks.

These KSEEB Hindi Model Question Papers 2021-2022 are designed according to the latest exam pattern, so it will help students to know the exact difficulty level of the SSLC Third Language Hindi Model Question Papers 2021-22.

Karnataka SSLC Hindi Model Question Papers (Third Language)

### Karnataka SSLC Hindi Model Question Paper Design

We hope the Karnataka State Board Syllabus KSEEB SSLC 10th Hindi Model Question Papers 2021-2022 with Key Answers Pdf Download of KSEEB Class 10th Std Hindi Previous Year Model Question Papers, Sample Papers will help you.

If you have any queries regarding Karnataka State Syllabus KSEEB 10th Standard Third Language Hindi Model Question Papers 2021-22 with Answers Pdf, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

## Karnataka SSLC Science Model Question Papers 2021-2022 with Answers

Expert Teachers at KSEEBSolutions.com has created KSEEB Karnataka SSLC Science Model Question Papers 2021-2022 with Answers Pdf Download of KSEEB Class 10th Std Science Previous Year Model Question Papers, Sample Papers in Kannada Medium and English Medium are part of Karnataka SSLC Model Question Papers with Answers.

Here we have given Karnataka Secondary Education Examination Board KSEEB SSLC Science Model Question Papers for Class 10 State Syllabus Karnataka 2021-22 with Answers Pdf. Students can also read Karnataka SSLC KSEEB Solutions for Class 10 Science.

 Board KSEEB, Karnataka State Board Textbook KTBS, Karnataka Class SSLC Class 10 Subject Science Chapter Previous Year Model Question Papers, Sample Papers Year of Examination 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 Category KSEEB Question Papers with Answers

## Science Model Question Papers for Class 10 Karnataka State Syllabus 2021-2022

These SSLC 10th Science Model Question Papers 2021-2022 Karnataka State Board Kannada Medium and English Medium are useful to understand the pattern of questions asked in the board exam. Know about the important concepts to be prepared for Karnataka Board Exams and Score More marks.

These 10th Science Question Paper 2021-22 State Board Karnataka are designed according to the latest exam pattern, so it will help students to know the exact difficulty level of the question papers.

SSLC Science Model Question Papers for Class 10 State Syllabus Karnataka in English Medium

SSLC Science Model Question Papers for Class 10 State Syllabus Karnataka in Kannada Medium

### Change in the design of SSLC Science Model Question Paper 2021-22

Karnataka State Board has introduced the central syllabus for the 10th standard in mathematics and science from the academic year 2018-19 and children are provided uniform education according to the syllabus. The science syllabus is too vast and it is the need of the hour to redesign the Science Model Question Papers for Class 10 State Syllabus Karnataka 2020-21 accordingly. Question papers should be designed keeping in mind the different psychological and intellectual abilities of the children across the state. Science Model Question Papers 10th 2020-2021 Karnataka State Board should include the questions that encourage the children to think logically, to interpret the data, to infer and draw conclusions rather than mugging up and memorizing. Learning and evaluation are related to each other and as we improve the quality of the question papers, the same can be expected in the learning process also.

Karnataka SSLC Science Model Question Papers Design of question paper for regular students

1. Science Model Question Papers for Class 10 State Syllabus Karnataka – Marks distribution for Themes and the units covered under themes.

2. SSLC Science Model Question Papers with Answers – Objective weightage

3. 10th Science Model Question Papers Karnataka State Board – Weightage to the type of questions

4. KSEEB 10th Science Model Question Papers With Answers – Weightage to the difficulty level

Science is the systematic study of knowledge. The branch of knowledge that answers the questions What? How? Why? And helps us to identify reasons for the various phenomena taking place around us, to develop a rapport with our environment, to eradicate blind beliefs, to improve logical thinking abilities, ultimately to develop a scientific attitude. The objectives of science teaching include conceptual understanding and application, identifying cause and effect relationships, drawing conclusions, analyzing, synthesizing, constructing one’s own knowledge through experiences. Question papers must be designed creatively to check whether the objectives are achieved or not. Few changes are made in the pattern of KSEEB 10th Science Model Question Papers in this regard.

Changes in the design of the 10th Science Model Question Papers:

→ Theme based marks weightage:
Theme based marks weightage is introduced instead of chapter wise weightage. This helps to teach and learn all the units giving equal importance to each unit and no teaching point is left out. Teachers and students come out of the system of preparing for specific marks in each unit. Though there is no specific weightage to each unit, weightage to the theme is specific. This helps the children to study each unit completely and conceptually. Different types of questions can also be designed with respect to each theme.

→ Objective weightage:
20%, 40%, 20% marks are distributed for Remembering, Understanding, and Application respectively. With reference to the objective Skill, 15% marks are allotted for drawing skills, and 5% marks are distributed for higher-order thinking skills. Higher-order thinking skills questions include analysis, synthesis, inference, problem-solving, and identifying cause and effect relationships. This helps to evaluate, not only drawing skills but also intellectual skills.

→ Weightage to the type of questions:
One mark questions lead to guess the answer. But when questions expect descriptive answers, children have to think, organize their thoughts to answer them. This helps to improve writing skills, expression, and thinking skills. Hence, this time the number of one and two marks questions is reduced and the number of three and four marks questions is increased. One question for 5 marks is introduced. Match the following type of question is removed.

There is no change in the difficulty level. 30% marks are distributed for easy and very easy questions, 50% marks are distributed for average questions, and 20% marks are distributed for difficult questions.

→ Internal Choice:
Internal choice questions will be given for 20 marks. Internal choice questions are provided for 2 questions of 2 marks, 4 questions of 3 marks and one question of 4 marks. Internal choice questions are related to the same theme.

→ Note:
The question paper may contain questions based on the diagrams. Hence all the diagrams in the textbook should be studied. But for drawing skills, a list of diagrams is provided at the end. 30 diagrams can be practiced for drawing skills.

Questions will not be constructed based on the information given in the box under the heading Do you know? More to know. However, questions may appear for the activities given in the box and the information is continued in the main text.

Hope the new design of the Science Model Question Papers for Class 10 State Syllabus Karnataka will be student-friendly and will reduce the stress on the students, and also will help to improve the teaching-learning process.

We hope the Karnataka State Board Syllabus KSEEB SSLC 10th Science Model Question Papers 2021-2022 with Key Answers Pdf Download of KSEEB Class 10th Std Science Previous Year Model Question Papers, Sample Papers in Kannada Medium and English Medium will help you.

If you have any queries regarding Karnataka State Syllabus KSEEB 10th Standard Science Model Question Papers 2021-22 with Answers Pdf, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

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