Students can download Class 10 History Chapter 2 The Extension of the British Rule Important Questions, KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Social Science Important Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.
Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Social Science History Important Questions Chapter 2 The Extension of the British Rule
Question 1.
Which kingdoms were impediments in the path of expansion of the British during the 18th century?
Answer:
Myder Ali and Tippu Sultan of Mysore, the Peshwas and the Sikhs under Ranjit Singh were impediments in the path of expansion of the British during the 18th century.
Question 2.
Who was successful in organising the Sikhs into a powerful state?
Ranjit Singh, who emerged in the later part of the nineteenth century, was successful in organising the Sikhs into a powerful state.
Question 3.
What were the causes for the first Anglo-Maratha war?
(OR)
Write a note on the first Anglo-Maratha war.
Answer:
The Marathas installed Shah Alam li, who was under the care of the British after the Battle of Buxar, on the throne of the Mughal empire. Shah Alam II gave Kora and Allahabad to the Marathas, which he had earlier given to the British. This resulted in enmity between the Marathas and the British. In the meanwhile, the Maratha strongman Madhav Rao Peshwa died. Though his brother Narayan Rao came to the throne, he was murdered by Raghoba (Raghunath Rao). This resulted in infighting for the post of Peshwa.
The Marathas placed Madhava Rao 11, the minor son of Narayan Rao, on the throne. Upset with this development, Raghoba approached the British for support. The British took advantage of the situation and a long war was waged from 1775 to 1782. Though initially the Marathas gained the upper hand, later they lost Ahmedabad to the British. The Marathas, unable to sustain the war, signed the treaty of Salbai and ended the war. Madhava Rao II was named the Peshwa.
Question 4.
By which treaty did the first Anglo-Maratha war come to an end?
Answer:
The first Anglo-Maratha war came to an end by the Treaty of Salbai.
Question 5.
Expansion of British rule in India was easier during the rule of Lord Wellesley. Why?
(OR)
Expansion of the British empire took place at a faster pate after the arrival of Lord Wellesley. Why?
Answer:
Expansion of the British rule in India was easier and faster during the rule of Lord Wellesley because by this time the powerful states of Marathas and Mysore had become weak.
Question 6.
Which were the policies followed by Lord Wellesley to expand the British empire in India?
Answer:
Lord Wellesley followed three policies to expand the British empire in India. They were:
- Subsidiary Alliance
- waging war against new states, and
- administering directly the states that were under the control of the British.
Question 7.
Who introduced the policy of Subsidiary Alliance? When was it introduced?
Answer:
Lord Wellesley introduced the policy of Subsidiary Alliance in 1798.
Question 8.
How did the subsidiary alliance help the British?
Answer:
The subsidiary alliance helped the British to bring the Indian states or local kings under their control. The maintenance of the .army became easy.
Question 9.
What is subsidiary alliance? What were its terms?
(OR)
What were the conditions under subsidiary alliance? Explain.
(OR)
How did the subsidiary alliance control Indian provinces?
Answer:
Subsidiary alliance was a policy introduced by Lord Wellesley in 1798 to expand the British empire by bringing the Indian states under his control. Under this policy:
- The Indian king had to allow the troops of the British army to stay in his kingdom.
- The king had to bear the expenses of the army as well as the wages of soldiers, and also had to give some land revenue.
- The king had to keep a British Resident in his court.
- The king could not appoint any other European without the permission of the British.
- The king could not enter into any treaty or agreement with any other king without the permission of the Governor General.
- In return for these services, the company would offer protection to the state from any internal or external aggression.
Question 10.
Which was the first state to accept the subsidiary alliance?
Answer:
Hyderabad was the first state to accept the subsidiary alliance.
Question 11.
List some of the states that accepted the subsidiary alb’ance.
Answer:
Hyderabad, Mysore, Awadh, Marathas, Tanjore, Poona, Berar and Gwalior were some of the states that accepted the subsidiary alliance.
Question 12.
What were the effects of the subsidiary alliance?
Answer:
As a result of the subsidiary alliance the British could control any Indian state. Maintenance of the army became easy. The Indian states were subjected to severe economic exploitation.
Question 13.
Write a note on the second Anglo-Maratha war.
Answer:
The second Anglo-Maratha war (1803-1805) was basically due to differences among the Maratha chieftains. There was enmity between Yeshwanth Rao of Holkar family and Daulat Rao of Scindhia family. Both of them tried to establish their control over the Peshwa, Baji Rao II. In 1802, the Holkar army defeated the Scindhia and Peshwa armies. The Peshwa sought the help of the British. He accepted the subsidiary alliance by signing the Treaty of Bassein.
The Maratha families such as Holkars, Scindhias of Gwalior and Bhonsles of Berar formed an alliance opposing this treaty. As a result, the second Anglo-Maratha war broke out in 1803. Lord Wellesley defeated the combined army in several battles. But his thirst for battle increased the financial burden on the company. On being criticised for this policy, Wellesley resigned and returned to England, bringing peace in the region.
Question 14.
Why did Wellesley resign from his post and return to England?
Answer:
Wellesley’s thirst for battle increased the financial burden on the company. On being criticised for this policy, Wellesley resigned and returned to England.
Question 15.
Explain the third Anglo-Maratha war.
Answer:
The Maratha families tried their best to protect their independence. Even the Peshwa attempted to free himself from the clutches of the company. As a result, a series of battles ensued during 1817-1818, which is called the Third Anglo-Maratha War. The Peshwa attacked the British Residency at Poona and burnt it down. Appa Saheb of Nagpur and Malhar Rao Holkar rebelled against the British but were suppressed ruthlessly.
Finally, Peshwa. Baji Rao II fought against the British at Koregaon and Ashti but later surrendered to the British. The British abolished the post of Peshwa and granted a pension to Baji Rao II. They installed Pratapa Simha, a descendant of Shivaji.as the ruler of Satara, and named him as the traditional leader of Marathas and suppressed the Maratha resistance.
Question 16.
Write a note on the Anglo-Sikh wars.
Answer:
Punjab plunged into political turmoil after the death of Ranjit Singh in 1839. The British tried to invade Punjab violating the friendship pact they had with the erstwhile king. In December 1845, a war broke out between the British and Punjab. Realising the danger from the British, the Hindus and the Sikhs joined together to defeat them.
But they had to accept defeat and sign the humiliating Treaty of Lahore in 1846. The British Resident became the de facto ruler of Punjab. Punjab thus became a dependent state of the East India Company The Sikhs led by Chattar Singh Attariwala in Lahore and Moolraj in Multan opposed the attempts by the British to rule Punjab directly. But they were defeated. Finally, Lord Dalhousie merged the state of Punjab with the British empire.
Question 17.
Who introduced the policy of Doctrine of Lapse?
Answer:
The policy of Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by Lord Dalhousie.
Question 18.
What is meant by Doctrine of Lapse?
Answer:
The Doctrine of Lapse was a policy adopted by the Governor General Lord Dalhousie to take over the Indian princely states. According to this policy, if any Indian ruler died without a natural heir, his adopted children had no legal right over the throne.Thus, his kingdom naturally came under British rule.
Question 19.
How did the Doctrine of Lapse support the expansion of the British empire in India?
Answer:
Lord Dalhousie came to India as Governor General in 1848. In order to integrate the Indian princely states with the British empire, he adopted the policy of Doctrine of Lapse according to which, adopted children of Indian kings had no right over the throne. Thus, States that did not have natural heirs merged with the British empire. As a result, states like Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi and Jaitpur came under the control of the British. As Lord Dalhousie knew the conditions of those states, he used this as a political weapon to expand the British empire.
Question 20.
What were the effects of the Doctrine of Lapse?
Answer:
As a result of the Doctrine of Lapse, only the natural heirs of kings had the right to the throne. The king could not transfer his kingdom to his adopted children. Such states merged with the British empire. As a result, the princely states of Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Jaitpur and others came under the direct rule of the British. As a result, not only the princely families, even the ordinary people rebelled against the company. This finally resulted in the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857.
Question 21.
Name some of the states annexed by the British under the policy of Doctrine of Lapse.
Answer:
Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi and Jaitpur were some of the states annexed by the British under the policy of Doctrine of Lapse.
Question 22.
Write a short note on Ranjit Singh.
Answer:
Ranjit Singh was born in 1780 as the son of Maha Singh who headed the Sukerchakia Misl, one of the twelve Misls (sovereign states) of the Sikh confederacy in Punjab. He lost his father at age ten. When Zaman Shah of Kabul invaded India, Ranjit Singh offered his services to him. Zaman Shah made him the governor of Lahore. In order to achieve complete power over the Sikhs, he took control of all the Sikh Misls to the west of the Sutlej and established his own Sikh kingdom.
He signed the Treaty of Amritsar, a treaty of friendship, with the British in 1809. He was thus successful in protecting his state from the British by not having enmity with them. He organised his army on the lines of European armies. He established a foundry (workshop) at Lahore to manufacture canons. He was secular in temperament and people of all religions held high offices in his court. In a nutshell, Ranjit Singh founded an independent Sikh state and ruled it as an independent king till his death in 1839.
Multiple-choice Questions:
Question 1.
The first Anglo-Maratha war came to an end by the treaty of.
(A) Salbai
(B) Surat
(C) Amritsar
(D) Bassein
Answer:
(A) Salbai
Question 2.
The person who became the Peshwa after the first Anglo-Maratha war was.
(A) Raghunath Rao
(B) Balaji Rao II
(C) Baji Rao II
(D) Madhav Rao II
Answer:
(D) Madhav Rao II
Question 3.
Subsidiary alliance was introduced by.
(A) Sir Eyre Coote
(B) Lord Wellesley
(C) Warren Hastings
(D) Lord Dalhousie
Answer:
(B) Lord Wellesley
Question 4.
The state that did not enter into the subsidiary alliance was.
(A) Hyderabad
(B) Berar
(C) Satara
(D) Mysore
Answer:
(C) Satara
Question 5.
The reason for the second Anglo-Maratha war was
(A) differences between Yeshwanth Rao and Daulat Rao
(B) the Marathas installing Shah Alam II on the Mughal throne
(C) the attack by the Peshwa on the British Residency in Poona
(D) Appa Saheb of Nagpur and Malhar Rao Holkar rebelling against the British
Answer:
(A) differences between Yeshwanth Rao and Daulat Rao
Question 6.
The Peshwa Baji Rao II accepted the subsidiary alliance by signing the treaty of
(A) Salsette
(B) Bassein
(C) Salbai
(D) Surat
Answer:
(B) Bassein
Question 7.
Which of the following was not a result of the third Anglo-Maratha war?
(A) The British abolished the post of Peshwa.
(B) The British granted a pension to Peshwa Baji Rao II.
(C) The British installed Pratap Simha, a descendant of Shivaji, as the ruler of Satara.
(D) Lord Wellesley resigned from his post and returned to England.
Answer:
(D) Lord Wellesley resigned from his post and returned to England.
Question 8.
Political anarchy broke out in Punjab after the death of.
(A) Chattar Singh Attariwala
(B) Moolraj
(C) Ranjit Singh
(D) Malhar Rao
Answer:
(C) Ranjit Singh
Question 9.
The Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by.
(A) Lord Dalhousie
(B) Lord Wellesley
(C) Warren Hastings
(D) Lord Cornwallis
Answer:
(A) Lord Dalhousie
Question 10.
The first state to enter the subsidiary alliance was.
(A) Mysore
(B) Awadh
(C) Berar
(D) Hyderabad
Answer:
(D) Hyderabad
Question 11.
Peshwa Baji Rao II entered subsidiary alliance because
(A) the army of Holkar defeated the army of Scindhia and Baji Rao II
(B) there were differences among the Maratha chieftains
(C) Lord Wellesley defeated the army of Peshwa
(D) Peshwa Baji Rao li lost the war to the British
Answer:
(A) the army of Holkar defeated the army of Scindhia and Baji Rao II
Fill in the blanks:
- At the end of the first Anglo-Maratha war, Salbai treaty was entered into between the Marathas and the British.
- The subsidiary alliance system was implemented in the year 1798
- The policy of Doctrine of Lapse was implemented in the year 1848
- The policy of Doctrine of Lapse was implemented by Lord Dalhousie