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Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Social Science History Important Questions Chapter 5 Social and Religious Reformation Movements
Question 1.
What is meant by social reformation?
Answer:
Social reformation is an attempt to reform a society that practices discrimination among its members. It strives to bring back such a society into the fold of human values.
Question 2.
What is the basic aim of social reformation?
Answer:
The basic aim of social reformation is to declare the value of an individual’s self-respect.
Question 3.
Why is the nineteenth century considered the period of reformation and new awakening in the history of India?
Answer:
During the nineteenth century, with the implementation of English education, a new class of educated Indians was created. Many European concepts like democracy, nationalism, equality started finding roots in India. Many Indians, who received English education, started analysing their own society. Indians started understanding Indian traditions in a new perspective. A new identity called ‘India’was born. Hence the nineteenth century is considered the period of reformation and new awakening in the history of India.
Question 4.
What is ‘white man’s burden’? Who put forth this theory?
Answer:
According to the theory of White Man’s Burden, it is the presumed responsibility of white people to govern and civilise’ non-white people. The British put forth this theory and considered it their duty to develop Indians as a civilised class of people.
Question 5.
What was the outcome of the white man’s burden theory?
Answer:
The British put forward the white man’s burden theory and considered it the responsibility of white people to govern and civilise non-white people. They considered it their duty to develop Indians as a civilised class of people. Under the guise of this theory, the British attempted to protect their political and economic interests.
Question 6.
What were the issues addressed by the various movements during the British period?
Answer:
The issues addressed by the various movements during the British period were caste system, gender discrimination, sati system, widow remarriage, denial of education to shudras, etc.
Question 7.
Mention some social reformers of the 19th century.
(OR)
Who were the reformers who tried to reform Indian society during the British rule?
Answer:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Dayananda Saraswathi, Ranade.Jyothiba Phule.Swami Vivekananda, Annie Besant, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Periyar and Narayana Guru were some of the social reformers who tried to reform Indian society during the British rule.
Question 8.
Write a note on the life and activities of Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
(OR)
“Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the harbinger of modern India, progenitor of Indian social reformation movement”. Justify.
Answer:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1772-1833) was the chief initiator of social reformation in modern India. He had deep knowledge of Sanskrit, Persian and Arabic literatures. He was well versed in Hindu philosophical critique and Quran. He had also studied the other religions found in India. He had even learnt Hebrew and Greek to read the Bible in its original form. He started the Athmiya Sabha in Calcutta which aimed at eradicating socio-religious maladies from Bengali society. He started the Brahmo Samaj in 1828.
He wanted to purge Hinduism by removing the caste system and superstitions. He wanted to build a new Hindu society based on the philosophical foundation of Upanishads. It was due to his efforts that the then Governor General William Bentinck brought in a law in 1829 prohibiting sati system. Raja Ram Mohan Roy tried to develop rationality among the common people through journalism. He published a newspaper in Bengali named ‘Samvada Kaumudi’. He gave importance to English education.
Question 9.
What were the contributions of Raja Ram Mohan Roy to social reformation in India?
(OR)
Summarise the contributions of Raja Ram Mohan Roy to Indian social reformation.
Answer:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the chief initiator of social reformation in India. He started the Athmiya Sabha in Calcutta which aimed at eradicating socio-religious maladies from Bengali society. He started the Brahmo Samaj in 1828. He wanted to purge Hinduism by removing the caste system and superstitions.
He wanted to build a new Hindu society based on the philosophical foundation of Upanishads. It was due to his efforts that the then Governor General William Bentinck brought in a law in 1829 prohibiting sati system. He published a newspaper in Bengali named ‘Samvada Kaumudi’.
Question 10.
Name the newspaper started by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
Answer:
The newspaper started by Raja Ram Mohan Roy was ‘Samvada Kaumudi’.
Question 11.
Who was the founder of Athmiya Sabha? What was its objective?
Answer:
The Athmiya Sabha was started by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.The Sabha aimed at eradicating socio-religious maladies from Bengali society.
Question 12.
When and by whom was the law prohibiting sati enacted?
Answer:
The law prohibiting sati was enacted by William Bentinck in 1829.
Question 13.
Who was the founder of Brahmo Samaj? When was it started?
Answer:
The Brahmo Samaj was started by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828.
Question 14.
What were the important aspects of Brahmo Samaj?
(OR)
What were the preachings of Brahmo Samaj?
Answer:
The important aspects of Brahmo Samaj were:
- It advocated monotheism.
- It opposed meaningless rituals.
- It preached that every person should live with dignity and no law or ritual should violate this.
- The Brahmo Samaj tried to ensure equality to women by opposing polygamy. It advocated for a fair share in property to ensure dignity of life to widows. It also opposed child marriage.
Question 15.
Explain how Brahmo Samaj strove hard to contribute to social reformation in India.
Answer:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy started the Brahmo Samaj to purge Hinduism by removing caste system and superstitions. It wanted to rebuild a new Hindu society based on the philosophical foundations of Upanishads. Brahmo Samaj advocated monotheism and opposed meaningless rituals.
It tried to ensure equality to women by opposing polygamy. It advocated for a fair share in property to widows. It also opposed child marriage. Raja Ram Mohan Roy gave importance to English education. He supported the establishment of many schools and the Vedanta College in Calcutta.
Question 16.
How did Raja Ram Mohan Roy encourage education?
Answer:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy gave importance to English education. He wanted Indians to welcome the thinking process of the Europeans. In this background he supported the establishment of many schools and the Vedanta College in Calcutta.
Question 17.
Which place was the centre of the new thinking created by modernisation during the nineteenth century?
Answer:
Calcutta was the centre of the new thinking created by modernisation during the nineteenth century.
Question 18.
Who started the ‘Young Bengal Movement’?
Answer:
The ‘Young Bengal Movement’was started by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio.
Question 19.
Who started the Academic Association and when?
Answer:
The Academic Association was started by Henry Derozio in 1828.
Question 20.
Write a note on the life and activities of Henry Derozio.
Answer:
Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (1809-1831), an Anglo-Indian, was born to a Portuguese father and an Indian mother. He served as professor at Hindu College in Calcutta from 1826 to 1831. He started the Young Bengal Movement. He was influenced by the various movements of Europe and tried to instil the same spirit of free enquiry in the minds of his students and colleagues. He also worked towards creating textbooks to inculcate the new educational system.
He started the Academic Association in 1828, a free-thinking debate association which created new thinking across Bengal. Derozio worked towards spreading the message that only rational thinking would liberate people from the clutches of superstitions and social discrimination. He was an advocate of women’s rights and caste discrimination. Derozio had to resign his teaching post due to pressure from colleagues and opponents. Derozio died of cholera at the age of 22.
Question 21.
Examine the work of the ‘Young Bengal Movement’ of Henry Derozio.
Answer:
The Young Bengal Movement was started by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio, a professor at the Hindu College in Calcutta. He was influenced by the various movements of Europe and tried to instil the same spirit of free enquiry in the minds of his students and colleagues. He also worked towards creating textbooks to inculcate the new educational system.
In 1828, he started the Academic Association, a free-thinking debate association which created new thinking across Bengal The Young Bengal Movement held discussions and debates on issues like nature, humanism, God and other topics. Derozio worked towards spreading the message that only rational thinking would liberate people from the clutches of superstitions and social discrimination. He was an advocate of women’s rights and caste discrimination. But the influence of this movement was limited to Calcutta and a few areas of Bengal.
Question 22.
Who was the founder ofArya Samaj? When and where was it started?
Answer:
The Arya Samaj was started by Dayananda Saraswathi in 1875 at Bombay.
Question 25.
Describe the life and activities of Dayananda Saraswathi,
Answer:
Dayananda Saraswathi was born in 1824 in Kathiawar district in Gujarat. He was known as Moolashankar in his childhood. His father was Ambashankar Tiwari and mother Amruthabai. He received Sanskrit education. He left his house at the age of 21 and roamed across the country for fifteen years. He outlined his ideas in a book titled ‘Satyartha Prakasha’. He realised that the remedies to the various maladies of India are found in the Vedas. He declared that only the Vedas are authentic and advised the people to go ‘Back to the Vedas’. He started the Arya Samaj at Bombay in 1875.
Question 24.
Who gave the call ‘Back to the Vedas’? Why?
(OR)
Dayananda Saraswathi asked the people to return to the Vedas. Why?
(OR)
Discuss Dayananda Saraswathi’s declaration ‘Back to the Vedas’.
Answer:
Dayananda Saraswathi realised that the remedies to the various maladies of India are found in the Vedas. He declared that only the Vedas are authentic. So he gave the call ‘Back to the Vedas’ and advised people to return to the Vedas.
Question 25.
Name the book written by Dayananda Saraswathi.
Answer:
The book ‘Satyartha Prakasha’ was written by Dayananda Saraswathi.
Question 26.
List the principles ofArya Samaj.
Answer:
- All Hindus should believe in one formless God.
- No one is a Brahmin or Shudra by birth. It rejected the caste-based system.
- Encouragement to inter-caste marriages.
- Rejection of polygamy and child marriage.
- Men and women are equal.
- One should study the Vedas and other ancient texts and preach them.
Question 27.
Describe the work ofArya Samaj.
(OR)
Discuss the reforms advocated by Arya Samaj.
Answer:
The Arya Samaj was started by Dayananda Saraswathi in 1875 in Bombay. He realised that the remedies to the various maladies of India are found in the Vedas. He declared that only the Vedas are authentic and advised the people to go ‘Back to the Vedas’.
The Arya Samaj started the Shuddhi Movement aimed at reconverting to Hinduism, Hindus who had converted to Islam and Christianity. Cow protection associations were started to protect cows. By 1921 the Arya Samaj had about five lakh members. The Dayananda Anglo-Vedic College was started in 1886 and later the Gurukula Vidyalaya at Haridwar.
Question 28.
Name the educational institutions started by Arya Samaj.
Answer:
The Dayananda Anglo-Vedic College and the Gurukula Vidyalaya were the educational institutions started by Arya Samaj.
Question 29.
What is shuddhi movement? Why was it started?
Answer:
The existence of the caste system and superstitions in Hinduism had pushed people towards other religions. Dayananda Saraswathi advocated gender and caste equality in order to integrate Hindu society. There were opportunities to exit from Hinduism but no opportunity to enter it. Hence Dayananda Saraswathi started the Shuddhi movement in order to reconvert the Hindus who had converted to Islam and Christianity, back to Hinduism.
Question 30.
Who was the founder of Prarthana Samaj? When and ‘where was it founded?
Ansewr:
Atmaram Panduranga founded the Prarthana Samaj in 1867 at Bombay.
Question 31.
Name the areas where Prarthana Samaj was influential.
Answer:
Prarthana Samaj was influential in western India, particularly in the areas of Bombay Presidency.
Question 32.
What were the social reforms advocated by Prarthana Samaj?
(OR)
Examine the work of Prarthana Samaj.
Answer:
The Prarthana Samaj was founded by Atmaram Panduranga in 1867 at Bombay with the aim of finding solutions to the various problems faced by women and lower caste groups. It argued that reinterpretation of Hinduism is needed in the light of modern western thinking.
It undertook many programmes like education of women and rehabilitation of poor people. The scope of the Samaj extended under the leadership of Ranade. Ranade opposed child marriages and discrimination against widows and believed that legal intervention is needed to stop child marriages and encourage widow remarriages.
Question 33.
Who were the prominent leaders of the Prarthana Samaj?
Answer:
The founder Atmaram Panduranga, Mahadev Govind Ranade, R.G. Bhandarkar and N.G. Chandravarkar were the prominent leaders of the Prarthana Samaj.
Question 34.
What were the contributions of Mahadev Govind Ranade to Prarthana Samaj?
(OR)
What services did Justice M.G. Ranade render to Prarthana Samaj?
Answer:
Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade was a prominent leader of Prarthana Samaj. The scope of the Samaj extended into various areas under his leadership. Ranade opposed child marriages and discrimination against widows and believed that legal intervention is needed to stop child marriages and encourage widow remarriages. Hence he advocated taking the help of the British government.
Question 35.
Who was the founder of Satya Shodhak Samaj? When was it founded?
Answer:
The Satya Shodhak Samaj was founded byjyothibha Phule in 1873.
Question 36.
Explain the reforms propagated by Satya Shodhak Samaj.
(OR)
Describe the work of Satya Shodhak Samaj.
Answer:
The Satya Shodhak Samaj was started byjyothibha Phule to provide equal rights to non-Brahmin class and women. In order to build a philosophical base for the movement, he wrote books like ‘Gulamgiri’and ‘Shetkaryacha Aasud’. He opened schools for shudras and girls. His wife Savitribai Phule also joined him in his endeavour. They established a hostel for girls.
Question 37.
Name the books written byjyothibha Phule.
Answer:
‘Gulamgiri’ and ‘Shetkaryacha Aasud’ were the books written by Jyothibha Phule.
Question 38.
The work of the Phules is important in the direction of establishing a society based on equality. Justify.
Answer:
Just as in other parts of India, there was widespread discrimination based on caste and gender in Maharashtra as well. Of the many movements started to address this issue, the Satya Shodhak Samaj is the most prominent. It was started by Jyothibha Phule in 1873 to provide equal rights to non-Brahmin class and women.
He opened schools for shudras and girls. He allowed people of all castes including untouchables to draw water from his well. His wife Savitribai Phule joined him in this endeavour. They also established a hostel for girls. Hence the work of the Phules is important in the direction of establishing a society based on equality.
Question 39.
Name the person who was inspired by the work of the Phules.
Answer:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was inspired by the work of the Phules.
Question 40.
Who started the Aligarh movement?
(OR)
Who was the leader of the Aligarh movement?
Answer:
The Aligarh movement was started by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.
Question 41.
What were the causes for the Aligarh reformation movement?
Answer:
After 1857, anti-British sentiment became strong in the Muslim community. As a result they stayed away from English education, thereby missing out on opportunities based on English education. The Muhammadan Literary Society set up in 1863 started debates and discussions on religion and social and political issues. The youth who participated in these discussions started realising the value of English education. It was in these circumstances that Sir Syed Ahmad Khan attempted to start a new movement to create an awakening among the Muslims in India.
Question 42.
Discuss the aims of the Aligarh movement
Answer:
- The Aligarh movement aimed at transformation of the Muslims.
- It wanted the youth to realise the importance of English education.
- It aimed at fighting traditions, superstitions, ignorance and irrationalities in Muslim society.
- It aimed at educating Muslim girls.
- It aimed at spreading western scientific and cultural ideas.
Question 43.
How did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan reform Muslim society?
(OR)
Describe the activities of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.
(OR)
What role did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan play in the social reformation movement?
Answer:
By the end of the nineteenth century, a new wave of social and religious reformation was set in Muslim society. During this period, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan tried to start a new movement. The Muhammadan Literary Society that was established in 1863 started debates and discussions on issues related to religion and social and political issues. The youth participated in these discussions and started realising the value of English education.
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan declared that only the Quran is the authoritative book of Islam and other works are derived ones. He said that one has to interpret one’s religion according to the changing times to prevent it from becoming sluggish. He fought against traditions, superstitions, ignorance and irrationality. He said that social and intellectual development is not possible without an open mind.
He did not support the purdah system for Muslim women. He called for the education of Muslim girls. He did not accept polygamy In order to put his ideas into practice, he founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in Aligarh. He utilised this institution to spread western scientific and cultural ideas. He also preached religious tolerance. He strived for unity among Hindus and Muslims.
Question 44.
How did the Muhammadan Literary Society awaken the Muslim youth?
Answer:
The Muhammadan Literary Society established in 1863 started debates and discussions on religion and social and political issues. The youth who participated in these discussions started realising the value of English education.
Question 45.
Who started the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College? When and where was it started? What was it known as later?
Answer:
The Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College was started by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan at Aligarh in 1875. The institution later became the Aligarh Muslim University.
Question 46.
Why is the movement started by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan called as Aligarh Movement?
Answer:
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan started his movement for creating an awakening among the Muslims keeping Aligarh as the centre. Hence the movement is called as Aligarh Movement.
Question 47.
Who was Ramakrishna Paramahamsa?
Answer:
Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (1834-1886) was a priest at the Kali Mandir in Calcutta and the spiritual guru of Swami Vivekananda.
Question 48.
What were the preachings of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa?
Answer:
Ramakrishna preached that one has to attain moksha through dhyana and bhakti. He believed that there are many ways of attaining Moksha and
God. He said that idol worship was inevitable.
Question 49.
Who founded the Ramakrishna Mission? When and where was it started?
The Ramakrishna Mission was founded by Swami Vivekananda at Belur near Calcutta in 1897.
Question 50.
Where was the Advaita Ashrama established?
Answer:
Advaita Ashrama, a branch of Ramakrishna Mutt, was established at Mayawati near Almora in Uttarakhand.
Question 51.
Explain the work of Ramakrishna Mission.
(OR)
Explain the views of Ramakrishna Mission.
Answer:
The Ramakrishna Mission was founded by Swami Vivekananda to spread the message and teachings of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. Swami Vivekananda worked to establish a casteless society. He also noticed exploitation, poverty, illiteracy and divisions among the Indians.
He believed that people should be educated first, and then they themselves would seek reformation. He wanted legal institutions to frame appropriate rules to support reformation. He also wanted people to stop following western ideals blindly. He believed that it is the duty of religion to provide light, otherwise religion was of no use. He opposed the caste system, untouchability and the idea of supremacy based on the caste system.
Question 52.
What are the contributions of Swami Vivekananda to the social reformation movement?
(OR)
Describe the life and activities of Swami Vivekananda.
Answer:
Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) was born in a Kayastha family in Calcutta. He studied both eastern and western philosophies. After studying Indian philosophy from different perspectives, he started preaching the importance of Indian philosophy to Indians as well as westerners. He founded the Ramakrishna Mission to spread the message and teachings of his spiritual guru Ramakrishna Paramahamsa.
Swami Vivekananda worked to establish a casteless society. He also noticed the exploitation, poverty, illiteracy and divisions among the Indians. He believed that people should be educated first, and then ii mernselves would seek reformation. He wanted legal institutions to frame appropriate rules to support reformation. He also wanted people to stop following western ideals blindly.
He believed that it is the duty of religion to provide light, otherwise it was of no use. He opposed the caste system, untouchability and the idea of supremacy based on caste. He attended the Conference of World Religions held at Chicago in 1893 where he upheld the greatness of Indian culture. He also wrote books on Jnana Yoga, Raja Yoga, Karma Yoga and Bhakti Yoga. His thoughts provided impetus to the freedom struggle.
Question 55.
When and where was the World Religious Congress held?
Answer:
The World Religious Congress was held at Chicago in 1893.
Question 54.
Why did Swami Vivekananda visit Mysore? What was his suggestion to the king?
Answer:
Swami Vivekananda visited Mysore as a guest of Chamaraja Wodeyar X. As per the suggestion of Swami Vivekananda, Chamaraja Wodeyar X started a school for untouchable children.
Question 55.
Explain how Swami Vivekananda was a source of inspiration for youngsters.
(OR)
Swami Vivekananda was a great inspiration to the youth. Discuss.
Answer:
Swami Vivekananda believed that people should be educated first, and then they themselves would seek reformation. He wanted legal institutions to frame appropriate rules to support reformation. He also wanted people to stop following western ideals blindly.
He believed that it is the duty of religion to provide light, otherwise it was of no use. He opposed the caste system, untouchability and the idea of supremacy based on caste. His speeches mirror his nationalist ideas. He was a role model to the youth. Through his ideas, his life and the work he did, he inspired the youth of India.
Question 56.
Who were the founders of the Theosophical Society?
Answer:
Madam Blavatsky and Colonel H.S. Olcott were the founders of the Theosophical Society.
Question 57.
When and where was the head office of the Theosophical Society established?
Answer:
The head office of the Theosophical Society was established at Adyar near Madras in 1886.
Question 58.
What were the aims or objectives of the Theosophical Society?
Answer:
The aims of the Theosophical Society were:
- To do a comparative study of various religions, philosophies and sciences.
- To discover the indomitable spirit hidden in human beings.
Question 59.
From which Hindu scriptures have the basic principles of Theosophical Society been taken? The Theosophical Society has taken its basic principles from Hindu sacred scriptures
Answer:
like Vedas, Upanishads, Sankya Yoga and Vedanta philosophy.
Question 60.
Describe the contributions of Theosophical Society to the social reformation movement. The Theosophical Society was started at Adyar near Madras in 1886 by Madam Blavatsky
Answer:
and Colonel H.S. Olcott. The main aims of the society were to do a comparative study of various religions, philosophies and sciences, and to discover the indomitable spirit hidden in human beings. It declared the importance of universal brotherhood. The society attempted to find solutions to present problems by studying ancient Indian thought, philosophies and theoretical ideals.
Hence, the society basically tried to reform Hindu religion. Annie Besant.who arrived as a member of the society, started the Central Hindu College at Benares which later became a university. She started two periodicals – ‘New India’ and ‘Commonweal’ – to initiate discussion on current problems and social issues. The credit for creating a religious reformation movement and a new sensibility for Hinduism in the early nineteenth century goes to Theosophical Society.
Question 61.
Who was Annie Besant? Explain her contribution to the social reformation movement.
(OR)
What were the reformation activities of Annie Besant?
Answer:
Annie Besant was an Irish lady who was born in London in 1847. She became an active member of the Theosophical Society in 1889 and arrived in India in 1893. She was well versed in Vedanta philosophy. She advocated that Indian culture is far more superior to western culture which is based on materialism. She also did a comparative study of Hinduism and Buddhism.
Translating the Bhagavadgita to English was her major achievement. She started the Central Hindu College at Benares in 1898. She started two periodicals – ‘New India’and‘Commonweal’- to initiate discussion on current problems and social issues. She started the Home Rule League in 1916 and initiated Home Rule Movement in the Madras region. Annie Besant was active in the freedom struggle movement and became the first woman president of the Indian National Congress.
Question 62.
Which was one of the major achievements of Annie Besant?
Answer:
Translating the Bhagvadgita to English was one of the major achievements of Annie Besant.
Question 63.
What was Annie Besant called as?
Answer:
Annie Besant was called as ‘Shwetha Saraswathi’.
Question 64.
Name the college started by Annie Besant.
Answer:
The Central Hindu College was started by Annie Besant at Benares in 1898.
Question 65.
Name the periodicals started by Annie Besant.
Answer:
‘New India’ and ‘Commonweal’ were the periodicals started by Annie Besant.
Question 66.
When and by whom was the Home Rule League started?
Answer:
The Home Rule League was started by Annie Besant in 1916.
Question 67.
Name the first woman president of the Indian National Congress.
Answer:
Annie Besant was the first woman president of the Indian National Congress.
Question 68.
Which movement inspired Annie Besant to start the Home Rule Movement in India?
Answer:
The Home Rule Movement in Ireland inspired Annie Besant to start the Home Rule Movement in India.
Question 69.
Why did the Home Rule Movement take place in Ireland?
Answer:
The Irish people were under the rule of the British. They started the Home Rule Movement to assert their right of self-governance.
Question 70.
Which were the two Home Rule Movements that were in existence in India?
Answer:
The two Home Rule Movements that were in existence in India were:
- The Home Rule Movement which was based in Poona and covered areas like Maharashtra, Central Provinces, Berar region and northern part of present Karnataka, under the leadership of Tilak.
- The second was based at Madras under the leadership of Annie Besant.
Question 71.
Name the periodicals started by Tilak.
Answer:
‘Maratha’ and ‘Kesari’ were the periodicals started by Tilak.
Question 72.
Who started the Dharma Paripalana Yogam movement? When and where was it started?
Answer:
The Dharma Paripalana Yogam movement was started by Sri Narayana Guru in 1903 in Kerala.
Question 73.
Why was the Dharma Paripalana Yogam movement started?
Answer:
The Dharma Paripalana Yogam movement was started for the upliftment of the socially backward classes of Kerala.
Question 74.
Who were the leaders of the Dharma Paripalana Yogam movement?
Answer:
Sri Narayana Guru, Dr. Palpu and Kumaran Asan were the leaders of the Dharma Paripalana Yogam movement.
Question 75.
Describe the causes for the Dharma Paripalana Yogam movement.
Answer:
During the nineteenth century, the caste system was rigid in Kerala and there were many restrictions on the people of the lower castes. They were not allowed to use public facilities such as tanks and roads. They were barred from wearing footwear. There were restrictions on what dress women could wear.These communities had to live without any basic human rights. In order to address these issues, Sri Narayana Guru started the Dharma Paripalana Yogam movement.
Question 76.
Write a note on Sri Narayana Guru.
(OR)
Describe the Dharma Paripalana Yogam movement of Sri Narayana Guru.
(OR)
Explain the contributions of Sri Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam.
Answer:
Sri Narayana Guru (1854-1928) was a social reformer from Kerala. He was born into a family of the Ezhava caste in an era when people from such communities faced much injustice in the caste-ridden society of Kerala. He led a reform movement known as Dharma Paripalana Yogam, which was a protest movement that originated among the Ezhavas.
‘One caste, one religion, one God’ for human beings was the basic idea of Sri Narayana Guru. He declared that education is the only path to achieve this. He built temples for the backward communities as they were denied entry into temples. Narayana Guru and his companions started the Vaikom satyagraha in 1924, a movement which demanded entry for lower caste people to the Shiva temple at Vaikom.
Question 77.
Who started the Vaikom satyagraha? When was it started?
Answer:
The Vaikom satyagraha was started by Sri Narayana Guru and his companions in 1924.
Question 78.
Name the prominent leaders who participated in the Vaikom satyagraha.
Answer:
Sri Narayana Guru, Gandhiji and Periyar were the prominent leaders who participated in the Vaikom satyagraha.
Question 79.
In which year was the Justice Party started?
Answer:
The Justice Party was started in 1916.
Question 80.
Name the architect of the self-respect movement.
Answer:
E.V. Ramasamy Naicker was the architect of the self-respect movement.
Question 81.
When and by whom was the Self-Respect League started?
Answer:
The Self-Respect League was started by E.V. Ramasamy Naicker in 1926.
Question 82.
What was E.V. Ramasamy Naicker also known as?
Answer:
E.V. Ramasamy Naicker was also known as Periyar.
Question 83.
Describe the self-respect movement of Periyar.
(OR)
Describe the life and activities of E.V. Ramasamy Naicker.
(OR)
Make a list of the main aspects of Periyar Movement.
Answer:
E.V. Ramasamy Naicker was born in Erode. He believed that the Congress was in favour of varna system and hence started a new movement called Self-respect movement, based on Dravidian racial identity. He came out of the Congress in 1925 and started the Self-Respect League in 1926. He was called Periyar out of love. He turned the ideological non-Brahmin movements started by Ayothiadas and T.M. Nayar into a cultural movement. He rejected racial supremacy in the name of Aryan and Brahmin.
He considered Tamil the language of the Dravidians. He opposed Sanskrit language and literature. He championed equality and criticised caste and gender based discrimination. He participated in the Vaikom temple movement of Kerala. He became the president of the Justice Party in 1939. He started an association called Dravidar Kazhagam. He also started a English magazine ‘Revolt’. His goal was to establish a society where there would be no inequality based on caste, religion and gender.
Question 84.
How can you say that Periyar remains an ideological symbol in Tamil Nadu politics even today?
Answer:
It was Periyar who first started a movement based on Dravidian identity. All the political parties of Tamil Nadu today have retained the word ‘Dravida’with their names. This shows that Periyar remains an ideological symbol in Tamil Nadu politics even today.
Multiple-choice Questions:
1. The 19th century in Indian history is referred to as the period of
(A) Social Reformation
(B) Whiteman’s burden
(C) Self-respect
(D) New awakening.
Answer:
(D) New awakening
Question 2.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the
(A) Arya Samaj
(C) Brahmo Samaj
(B) Prarthana Samaj
(D) Satya Shodhak Samaj.
Answer:
(C) Brahmo Samaj
Question 3.
Back to the Vedas’ was the call of
(A) Vivekananda
(B) Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
(C) M.G. Ranade
(D) Dayananda Saraswati
Answer:
(D) Dayananda Saraswati
Quetsion 4.
The ‘Shuddhi’ movement for reconversion of people to Hinduism was organised by
(A) Brahmo Samaj
(B) Arya Samaj
(C) Theosophical Society
(D) Prarthana Samaj.
Answer:
(B) Arya Samaj
Question 5.
Prarthana Samaj was established by
(A) Atmaram Panduranga
(B) Jyothibha Phule
(C) M.G. Ranade
(D) Dayananda Saraswathi.
Answer:
(A) Atmaram Panduranga
Question 6.
The Anglo-Oriental College started by Syed Ahmed Khan later became the
(A) Benaras Hindu University
(B) Aligarh Muslim University
(C) Shirdi Sai University
(D) Mahavir Jain University
Answer:
(B) Aligarh Muslim University
Question 7.
Dr. Annie Besant started a newspaper called
(A) Kesari
(B) Maratha
(C) New India
(D) Yugantar.
Answer:
(C) New India
Question 8.
In 1916, two Home Rule Leagues came into existence. One was under the leadership of
(A) Mahatma Gandhi
(B) Gopalakrishna Gokhale
(C) Subhas Chandra Bose
(D) Dr. Annie Besant.
Answer:
(D) Dr. Annie Besant.
Question 9.
In group A list of leaders and in group B their activities are given. Identify the group that matches.
| Group A | Group B |
| (a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy | (i) Ramakrishna Mission |
| (b) Dayananda Saraswati | (ii) Satya Shodhak Samaj |
| (c) Swami Vivekananda | (iii) Brahmo Samaj |
| (d) Jyotibha Phule | (iv) Arya Samaj |
Answer:
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) |
| i | ii | iii | iv |
| ii | i | iv | iii |
| iv | iii | ii | i |
| iii | iv | i | ii |
Question 10.
The founder of Arya Samaj was
(A) Atmaram Panduranga
(C) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(B) Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
(C) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(D) Dayananda Saraswathi
Answer:
(D) Dayananda Saraswathi
Question 11.
The Prarthana Samaj was established at
(A) Madras
(B) Bombay
(C) Calcutta
(D) Poona
Answer:
(B) Bombay
Question 12.
Annie Besant belonged to
(A) Ireland
(B) France
(C) England
(D) Spain
Answer:
(A) Ireland
Question 13.
The movement started by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was
(A) Purification Movement
(B) Renaissance Movement
(C) Aligarh Movement
(D) Navodaya Movement
Answer:
(C) Aligarh Movement
Question 14.
The institution started by Jyotibha Phule was
(A) Arya Samaj
(B) Brahmo Samaj
(C) Prarthana Samaj
(D) Satya Shodhak Samaj
Answer:
(D) Satya Shodhak Samaj
Question 15.
Dayananda Saraswati wrote a book called ‘Satyartha Prakasha’ whereas the book ‘CulamgirV was written by
(A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(B) Dayananda Saraswathi
(C) Jyotibha Phule
(D) Atmaram Panduranga
Answer:
(C) Jyotibha Phule
Question 16.
In list A, names of social reformers and in list B, their works are given. Identify the group that is matched correctly.
| List A | List B |
| 1. Ram Mohan Roy | (a) Gulamgiri |
| 2. Dayananda Saraswati | (b) New India |
| 3. Annie Besant | (c) Samvada Kaumudi |
| 4. Jyotibha Phule | (d) Satyartha Prakasha |
Answer:
- 1 – c, 2 – d, 3 – a, 4 – b
- 1 – c, 2 – d, 3 – b, 4 – a
- 1 – b, 2 – d, 3 – c, 4 – a
- 1 – d, 2 – a, 3 – c, 4 – b
Question 17.
Lala Lajpat Rai was inspired by the philosophy of Arya Samaj. The person who was inspired by the philosophy of Jyotibha Phule was
(A) M.G. Ranade
(B) B.R. Ambedkar
(C) Annie Besant
(D) Madame Blavatsky
Answer:
(B) B.R. Ambedkar
Question 18.
The first woman President of the Indian National Congress was
(A) Kamala Nehru
(B) Sarojini Naidu
(C) Annie Besant
(D) Savitribai Phule
Answer:
(C) Annie Besant
Question 19.
The Atmiya Sabha was started in Calcutta by
(A) Dayananda Saraswathi
(B) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(C) Henry Derozio
(D) Atmaram Panduranga
Answer:
(B) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Question 20.
The newspaper published by Raja Ram Mohan Roy was
(A) Samvada Kaumudi
(B) Satyartha Prakasha
(C) New India
(D) Commonweal
Answer:
(A) Samvada Kaumudi
Question 21.
The Young Bengal Movement originated in
(A) Madras
(B) Bombay
(C) Calcutta
(D) Pune
Answer:
(C) Calcutta
Question 22.
The free thinking debate association which created new thinking across Bengal was
(A) Young Bengal Movement
(B) Atmiya Sabha
(C) Home Rule League
(D) Academic Association
Answer:
(D) Academic Association
Question 23.
Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission at near Calcutta.
(A) Belur
(B) Almora
(C) Kathiawar
(D) Adyar
Answer:
(A) Belur
Question 24.
The Dharma Paripalana Yogam movement was started by
(A) Dr. Palpu
(B) Sri Narayana Guru
(C) Kumaran Asan
(D) Periyar
Answer:
(B) Sri Narayana Guru
Question 25.
The Self-Respect Movement was started by
(A) Sri Narayana Guru
(B) T.M. Nayar
(C) E.V. Ramasamy Naicker
(D) Henry Derozio
Answer:
(C) E.V. Ramasamy Naicker
Question 26.
The association Dravidar Kazhagam was started by
(A) Periyar
(B) T.M. Nayar
(C) Ayothiadas
(D) Narayana Guru
Answer:
(A) Periyar
Fill in the blanks:
- The nineteenth century is called as reformation/new awakening period.
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy started Samvada Kaumudi periodical.
- The founder of Prarthana Samaj is. Atmaram Panduranga
- The Young Bengal Movement was started by. Henry Derozio
- The guru of Swami Vivekananda was. Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
- The Anglo-Oriental College was established at. Aligarh