KSEEB Class 10 Economics Important Questions Chapter 2 Rural Development

   

Students can download Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Rural Development Important Questions, KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Social Science Important Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Social Science Economics Important Questions Chapter 2 Rural Development

Question 1.
What percentage of the Indian population lives in villages?
Answer:
According to the 2011 census report, 68.84% of the Indian population lives in villages.

Question 2.
How can you say that India is a land of villages?
Answer:
We can say that India is a land of villages because 68.84% of the population lives in villages.

Question 5.
Who said that development of the villages is the true development of India?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi said that development of the villages is the true development of India.

Question 4.
How can you say that the development programmes have failed to improve the socio-economic conditions in rural areas?
Answer:
Even after 70 years of independence, the rural areas are scenes of deprivation and backwardness. Nearly one-third of the rural population lives in abject poverty. This shows that the development programmes and plans have failed to improve the socio-economic conditions in rural areas.

KSEEB Class 10 Economics Important Questions Chapter 2 Rural Development

Question 5.
How is the economic situation in the rural areas of India?
Answer:
India is a land of villages. 68.84% of the population lives in villages. Even after 70 years of independence, the rural areas are scenes of deprivation and backwardness. Nearly one-third of the rural population lives in abject poverty. The development programmes and plans have failed to improve the socio-economic conditions in rural areas. After independence the rural industries which were already declining in importance, disintegrated further due to competition from modern industries.

With agriculture becoming unremunerative and employment not being regular, the rural people began migrating to cities. The liberalisation and globalisation policies deepened these problems by promoting growth in industrial and services sectors. Consequently, poverty among the rural people who depend on agriculture has increased. Though 60% of the people work in the primary sector, the contribution from this sector to the national income is very less, and is declining over the years. Due to this, the gap between the urban and rural areas is widening.

Question 6.
How did the development strategies adopted by the Indian government after independence affect rural development?
Answer:
The development strategies adopted by the Indian government after independence promoted industrial and urban development. The rural industries which were already declining in importance, disintegrated further due to competition from modern industries. With agriculture becoming unremunerative and employment not being regular, the rural people began migrating to cities. The liberalisation and globalisation policies deepened these problems by promoting growth in industrial and services sectors.

KSEEB Class 10 Economics Important Questions Chapter 2 Rural Development

Question 7.
What are the consequences of the development strategies adopted by the Indian government after independence?
Answer:
As a result of the development strategies adopted by the Indian government after independence, poverty among the rural people who depend on agriculture has increased.

Though 60% of the people work in the primary sector, the contribution from this sector to the national income is very less, and is declining over the years. Due to this, the gap between the urban and rural areas is widening. .

Question 8.
What is rural development?
Answer:
Rural development refers to the process of economic and social upliftment of rural areas. It may be defined as the overall development of rural areas to improve the quality of life of rural people.

Question 9.
What is the aim of rural development?
Answer:
Rural development is the overall development of rural areas to improve the quality of life of rural people. Rural development is an integrated process which aims at the social, economic, political and spiritual development of the poorer sections of the rural society.

Question 10.
What is the main reason for rural backwardness and poverty?
Answer:
Stagnation and slow growth of agriculture is the main reason for rural backwardness and consequent poverty of the people.

Question 11.
Mention the measures for the development of agriculture.
Answer:
Stagnation and slow growth of agriculture is the main reason for rural backwardness and consequent poverty of rural people. Therefore, more rural non-farm activities need to be promoted which requires improvement in literacy and skills, health and sanitation, improvement of infrastructure like transport, power, communication, market, credit, etc. Further, for agricultural development, expansion of irrigation and land reforms are also crucial.

KSEEB Class 10 Economics Important Questions Chapter 2 Rural Development

Question 12.
What are the measures for rural development?
(OR)
List the activities that are essential for rural development.
Answer:
The activities that are essential for rural development are as follows:

  • Development of human resources including:
  • literacy, especially female literacy, education and skill development;
  • health, both sanitation and public health.
  • Land reforms.
  • Development of the productive resources of each locality.
  • Development of infrastructure like electricity, irrigation, credit, marketing, transport facilities including construction of village roads and feeder roads, facilities for agricultural research and information dissemination.
  • Specific programmes for alleviation of poverty.

Question 13.
Explain the importance of rural development in the economic development of India.
(OR)
Explain briefly the significance of rural development
Answer:
Since rural development includes both agricultural and non-agricultural development, it contributes to not only rural but also overall development of the country. Increased farm incomes will create greater demand for industrial products and services, thereby generating additional employment and leading to an expansion of those sectors also.

With increased literacy and skill levels, higher productivity could be achieved. Better health also results in higher work participation by the people and increased output. Agro processing, small-scale and cottage industries will develop leading to gradual transformation of the villages. As a result, migration to cities will be reduced. All these contribute to reduction of poverty.

KSEEB Class 10 Economics Important Questions Chapter 2 Rural Development

Question 14.
What is decentralisation?
Answer:
Providing administrative power and the responsibility of developing the villages to the people themselves is called decentralisation.

Question 15.
Write a note on decentralisation.
Answer:
Providing administrative power and the responsibility of developing the villages to the people themselves is called decentralisation. It is a process through which sharing of power occurs and people participate in decision-making. It is also a process that aims at planning and development from below.

Question 16.
Explain Gandhift’s concept of Grama Swarajya in the light of decentralisation.
Answer:
According to Gandhiji, administrative power and the responsibility of developing the villages should be decentralised and given to its own people. Through decentralisation, sharing of power occurs and people participate in decision-making. Decentralisation aims at planning and development from below which Gandhiji referred to as Grama Swarajya.

Question 17.
What are the advantages of decentralisation?
Answer:

  • Due to sharing of power, people participate in decision-making.
  • It reduces various kinds of exploitation.
  • It upholds human independence and dignity.
  • It nurtures humane values like compassion and co-operation.

Question 18.
How has the government tried to decentralise power in rural areas?
(OR)
How did the Panchayat Raj institutions get constitutional status?
(OR)
Why was the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act enacted in 1993?
Answer:
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act was enacted in 1993 (a) to decentralise power in rural areas, and (b) establish a uniform system of Panchayat Raj institutions throughout the country. The Act conferred constitutional status on the Panchayat Raj institutions.

KSEEB Class 10 Economics Important Questions Chapter 2 Rural Development

Question 19.
Name the three levels of Panchayat Raj institutions.
(OR)
What is the three-tier structure of Panchayats?
Answer:
District, taluk and village panchayats constitute the three-tier structure of Panchayats.

Question 20.
List the features of Panchayat Raj system.
Answer:
The important features of the Panchayat Raj system are:

  • a three-tier structure of district (Zilla Panchayat), taluk (Taluk Panchayat) and village (Gram Panchayat) panchayats with the Gram Sabha as foundation
  • direct and periodic elections
  • reservation of seats for SCs, STs, backward classes and women
  • provisions regarding financial and administrative responsibilities, budget and audit requirements
  • provision for executive/support staff and
  • a strict procedure for dissolution / suppression of Panchayats and mandatory elections within six months of dissolution.

Question 21.
How many panchayats are there in Karnataka at present?
Answer:
There are 30 Zilla Panchayats, 176 Taluk Panchayats and 6022 Gram Panchayats in Karnataka at present.

Question 22.
Explain the role of Panchayat Raj institutions in rural development.
Answer:
Panchayat Raj institutions play a key role in rural development.

  • Panchayat Raj institutions enable the rural people to participate in rural development.
  • They are responsible for implementing various schemes related to poverty alleviation and livelihood security like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, etc., besides providing public amenities.
  • They provide the rural community with basic facilities such as roads, drains, drinking water, streetlights, public toilets, hospital buildings, market yards, etc.
  • They try to develop human resources by encouraging primary and middle school education, adult education, technical and vocational training, and expansion of health and hygiene facilities.
  • Housing programmes for providing shelter for the shelterless like Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, Ambedkar-Valmiki Housing Programme, Ashraya Yojana, etc., can be implemented effectively through Panchayat Raj institutions.
  • The public distribution system in villages has been strengthened and poor people are provided with essential foodgrains. Panchayats can ensure that the benefits of the various social welfare programmes reach the people promptly.
  • Panchayats can bring all the self-help groups together and encourage their productive activities. This way women too can be made to participate in the development of the nation.
  • Panchayats can encourage social and cultural activities through celebration of village fairs and festivals.Through such activities, village arts and crafts will get an impetus and rural culture will get enriched.
  • Panchayats can provide employment opportunities to the people through nurturing rural productive social activities such as agriculture, cattle rearing, poultry, fishery, social forestry, etc.

KSEEB Class 10 Economics Important Questions Chapter 2 Rural Development

Question 23.
Write a note on Gram Sabha.
Answer:
The Gram Sabha is the foundation of the Panchayat Raj structure. It is an important body of a gram panchayat. All adults whose names are in the voter’s list of the village are members of the Gram Sabha. All developmental schemes of the village are decided in the Gram Sabha itself. The Gram Sabha prepares village development schemes such as those for school facilities, supply of drinking water, primary health care, veterinary dispensary, market link road, etc.

Question 24.
Mention any two housing programmes.
Answer:
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, Ambedkar-Valmiki Housing Programme and Ashraya Yojana are some of the housing programmes.

Question 25.
List some of the programmes undertaken by the government for raral development.
Answer:

  • Various programmes for generation of employment and alleviation of prverty like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, etc.
  • Various programmes for providing shelter for the shelterless like Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, Ambedkar-Valmiki Housing Programme, Ashraya Yojana, etc.

Question 26.
Women’s role is decisive in the development of the country, especially rural development. Explain.
(OR)
Explain the role of women in economic development.
Answer:

  • Women work not only inside the house but also outside as farmers, workers, employees, officers, business women and law makers. Hence her role is decisive in the development of the country, especially rural development.
  • A significant number of women are working in farming, cattle rearing, fisheries, silkworm rearing, horticulture, floriculture and poultry.
  • Women also form the majority among the agricultural workers.
  • Educated women are successfully handling a variety of jobs in various sectors of the economy. Women are rendering service in government offices, commercial establishments, educational institutions, hospitals, old age homes, etc. They are also playing a prominent role in population control.
  • Women are establishing themselves in the political field also. They are handling various responsibilities as political leaders at various levels of the government. In Karnataka, women constitute more than 50% of the elected members of the Panchayat institutions.

Question 27.
How has education helped women in playing a decisive role in the development of the country?
Answer:
Educated women are successfully handling a variety of jobs in various sectors of the economy. Women are rendering service in government offices, commercial establishments, educational institutions, hospitals, old age homes, etc. They are also playing a prominent role in population control.

Question 28.
Explain the role played by women in the political field.
Answer:
Women are establishing themselves in the political field also. Starting from the gram panchayat to the position of President, they are handling various responsibilities as political leaders at various levels of the government. As there is reservation for women in Panchayat institutions, an ordinary village woman has the opportunity to handle political power and work for rural development. In Karnataka, women constitute more than 50% of the elected members of the Panchayat institutions.

Question 29.
Explain the role of women self-help groups in rural development.
Answer:
In order to promote participation of women in economic activities self-help groups have been formed in all villages. These have been playing a significant role in organising poor rural women and making them financially independent. Members of these groups can avail loans easily and engage in productive activities.

The self-help groups have been successful in mobilising savings and in repayment of loans. Through the self-help groups, women have been able to oppose social evils like child marriage, dowry, caste system, superstitions, exploitation of women and children. They have been able to contribute towards building a progressive society.

Multiple-choice Questions:

Question 1.
Who said that development of its villages is the true development of India?
(A) Jawaharlal Nehru
(B) B.R. Ambedkar
(C) Vinoba Bhave
(D) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer:
(D) Mahatma Gandhi

Question 2.
The overall development of rural areas to improve the quality of life of the rural people is called
(A) rural development
(B) decentralisation
(C) grama swarajya
(D) panchayat ra
Answer:
(A) rural development

Question 3.
Which among the following is an employment generation and poverty alleviation programme?
(A) Pradhan Mantri Awas Yoiana
(B) Ambedkar-Valmiki Housing Programme
(C) MGNREGS
(D) Ashraya Yojana
Answer:
(C) MGNREGS

KSEEB Class 10 Economics Important Questions Chapter 2 Rural Development

Question 4.
The primary objective of all rural development programmes is –
(A) improving the transport facilities in rural areas
(B) improving the quality of life of rural people
(C) opening schools in every village
(D) encouraging rural people to migrate to cities
Answer:
(B) improving the quality of life of rural people

Question 5.
Providing administrative power and responsibility of developing the village to people themselves is called –
(A) grama swarajya
(B) empowerment
(C) rural development
(D) decentralisation
Answer:
(D) decentralisation

Question 6.
The 73rd Constitutional amendment Act is a very important milestone in Indian administrative system because –
(A) civil service system was introduced
(B) uniform system of Panchayat Raj institutions was established
(C) political reservation system was changed
(D) reformation was brought in parliamentary system.
Answer:
(B) uniform system of Panchayat Raj institutions was established

Fill in the blanks:

  1. The true development of India is the development of its villages’was said by Mahatma Gandhi
  2. After the 73rd amendment to the Constitution, three levels of panchayat institutions have come into existence.
  3. Panchayat institutions operate under democratic principles.
  4. The women self-help groups have been brought into existence in order to bring together poor rural women and make them financially independent.
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