KSEEB Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 9 Indian Transport and Communication

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Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Social Science Geography Important Questions Chapter 9 Indian Transport and Communication

Question 1.
What do you mean by transport?
Answer:
Movement of goods, services and people from one place to another is called transport.

Question 2.
Explain briefly the importance of transport.
OR
What are the advantages of transport?
Answer:
By facilitating the movement of goods, services and people from one place to another, transport links production, distribution, exchange and related activities. It provides time and place utility. It plays an important role in the development of all the sectors of the economy, viz., primary, secondary and tertiary. Efficient and cheap means of transport helps to develop resources, agriculture, promotes industrial progress, widens the market, increases internal and external trade, provides employment, raises the income and standard of living of the people, encourages tourism and helps defence.

Question 3.
Which are the different types of transport used in India?
Answer:
The different types of transport used in India are:

Land transport – road transport, rail transport and pipelines.
Water transport – Inland waterways and ocean transport.
Air transport – National and international

Question 4.
Explain the importance of road transport in India.
OR
Road transport is better than railway transport. Substantiate.
Answer:
India is a land of villages and a predominantly agricultural country. For the development of agriculture and village industries, roads are essential because they are convenient to connect isolated villages. Roads can be constructed in forests and hilly regions. They connect remote places with towns and cities, provide door – to – door service. They are the feeders to railways, sea ports and airports. They play a very important role in tourism, trade and commerce, and industries. They create employment opportunities and are most useful in defence, especially in border areas.

Question 5.
Mention the different types of roads.
OR
How are roads classified on the basis of physical structure?
OR
How are roads classified on the basis of construction and maintenance?
Answer:
1. On the basis of physical structure, roads are classified into two types:

Metalled roads, which are constructed with cement concrete or asphalt
Unmetalled roads, which are common in rural areas.

2. On the basis of construction and maintenance, roads are classified into:

Golden quadrilateral and super highways
National highways
State highways
District roads
Village roads

Question 6.
What is the objective of Pradhan Mantri Cram Sadak Yojana?
Answer:
The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana aims to convert mud roads into metalled roads.

Question 7.
How are Indian roads classified? Explain briefly.
Answer:
Roads in India are classified into five types. They are:

Golden quadrilateral and super highways
National highways
State highways
District roads
Village roads.

1. Golden quadrilateral and super highways – The Golden Quadrilateral is a project for constructing roads with four to six lanes. This highway network connects major cities as well as cultural and industrial centres in the country. The super highways connect important cities, industrial centres and ports. The construction and maintenance of these roads is under the control of National Highways Authority of India.

2. National Highways – These roads connect state capitals, ports, towns and cities of national importance. The Central Public Works Department looks after the construction and maintenance of these roads.

3. State highways – They connect district headquarters with state capitals and national highways. The State Public Works Department looks after the construction and maintenance of these roads.

4. District roads – These roads connect taluk headquarters with state highways. Zilla Panchayat is responsible for maintenance of these roads.

5. Village roads – These roads link the villages with one another, with towns and with market centres.

Question 8.
Explain Golden Quadrilateral and Super Highways.
Answer:
The Golden Quadrilateral is a project for constructing roads with four to six lanes. This highway network connects major cities as well as cultural and industrial centres in the country.The super highways connect important cities, industrial centres and ports.The construction and maintenance of these roads is under the control of National Highways Authority of India.

Question 9.
Name the two divisions of super highways.
Answer:
The two divisions of super highways are:

The North – South corridor which runs from Srinagar to Kanyakumari.
The East – West corridor which runs from Silchar in Assam to Porbandar in Gujarat.

Question 10.
What are border roads? Who is responsible for the maintenance of these roads?
Answer:
Border roads are the roads in the border areas which are especially used for defence purposes. The construction and maintenance of these roads comes under Border Roads Development Authority.

Question 11.
Which is the highest road in the world?
Answer:
The highway linking Manali and Leh is the highest road in the world.

Question 12.
State the importance of rail transport.
Answer:
Railways are very useful to carry heavy goods and large number of passengers over a long distance. They play a vital role in the development of agriculture, industry and the economy of India. They help to expand trade and tourism.

Question 13.
Give an account of railways in India.
Answer:
In India, railways were constructed during the British period for the transport of raw materials and army from one place to another. The first railway line in India was laid between Bombay and Thane in 1853. Gradually railways were developed in other parts of the country. Today railways is the largest public sector undertaking in India. It has a network of 7031 stations and a route length of 64,015 kms.The Indian railways is divided into l6 zones for the purpose of efficient management.

Question 14.
Why did the British develop the railways in India?
Answer:
The British developed the railways in India:

For transport of raw materials
For movement of the army from one place to another.

Question 15.
Where was the first railway line laid in India?
Answer:
The first railway line in India was laid between Bombay and Thane in 1853.

Question 16.
What is the total route length of railways in India?
Answer:
The total route length of railways in India is 64,015 kms.

Question 17.
Into how many zones is the Indian railways divided?
Answer:
The Indian railways is divided into 16 zones for the purpose of efficient management.

Question 18.
Explain pipeline transport
Answer:
Pipeline transport is mainly used to transport crude oil from oil fields to refineries, natural gas and mineral slurry. The total length of pipelines in India is 35,676 kms. The Hazira – Bijaipur – Jagdishpur gas pipeline is the longest pipeline in the world.

Question 19.
For what purpose ore pipelines used?
Answer:
Pipelines are mostly used to transport crude oil from oil fields to refineries, natural gas and mineral slurry.

Question 20.
What is the total length of pipelines in India?
Answer:
The total length of pipelines in India is 35,676 kms.

Question 21.
Which is the longest gas pipeline in India?
Answer:
The Hazira – Bijaipur-Jagdishpur (HBJ) gas pipeline is the longest pipeline (2300 kms) in the world.

Question 22.
How are waterways classified in India? Explain.
Answer:
Waterways in India are classified into inland waterways and ocean waterways.

Inland waterways : Rivers, lakes, backwaters and canals are the inland waterways.
Ocean waterways : Water transport through seas and oceans constitutes ocean waterways. Generally speaking, it is the movement of ships between countries through sea routes.

Question 23.
Explain the factors favouring ocean transport in India.
Answer:
India is located at the centre of the eastern hemisphere. India has a long coastline and a number of ports. Nearly 85% of our foreign trade is seaborne. All these factors are favourable for ocean transport.

Question 24.
What is a port? How are ports classified?
Answer:
Ports are the meeting points between land and sea routes where ships are docked for loading and unloading. Ports in India are classified as major ports, intermediate ports and minor ports.

Question 25.
Name the ports on the west coast of India.
Answer:
Kandla, Mumbai,Jawaharlal Nehru port, Mormugoa, New Mangalore and Kochi ports are the ports on the west coast of India.

Question 26.
List the ports on the east coast of India.
Answer:
Tuticorin, Chennai, Ennore, Vishakapatnam, Paradip, Haldia, Kolkata and Port Blair are the ports on the east c6ast of India.

Question 27.
Which is the biggest port of India?
Answer:
The Mumbai port is the biggest port of India.

Question 28.
Which port is called the ‘Gateway of India”?
Answer:
The Mumbai port is called the ‘Gateway of India’.

Question 29.
What was the Jawaharlal Nehru port known as formerly? Why has it been built?
Answer:
The Jawaharlal Nehru Port is also known as Nhava Sheva Port. It has been built to reduce the pressure on the Mumbai port.

Question 30.
Where is the Mormugoa port located?
Answer:
The Mormugoa port is situated at the entrance of Zuari estuary in Goa.

Question 31.
Which port is called the ‘Gateway of Karnataka”?
Answer:
The New Mangalore port is called the ‘Gateway of Karnataka’.

Question 32.
Which port is called the ‘Queen of the Arabian sea”?
Answer:
The Kochi port is called the ‘Queen of the Arabian sea’.

Question 33.
Which is the oldest port of India?
Answer:
The Chennai port is the oldest port of India.

Question 34.
Give an example of an artificial port.
Answer:
The Chennai port is an example of an artificial port.

Question 35.
Where is the Ennore port located? Why has it been built?
Answer:
The Ennore port is located to the north of Chennai. It has been built to reduce the pressure on the Chennai port.

Question 36.
Which is the deepest landlocked port in India?
Answer:
The Vishakapatnam port is the deepest landlocked port in India.

Question 37.
Name the port built at the confluence of rivers Hooghly and Haldi in West Bengal.
Answer:
The Haldia port is built at the confluence of rivers Hooghly and Haldi in West Bengal

Question 38.
Which port is built on river Hooghly?
Answer:
The Kolkata port is built on river Hooghly.

Question 39.
What is the problem faced by the Kolkata port?
Answer:
The Kolkata port faces the problem of silting.

Question 40.
Name the port located in a union territory.
Answer:
Port Blair is situated in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands which is a union territory.

Question 41.
What are the advantages of air transport?
Answer:
Air transport is the quickest means of transport. It is a very efficient means to carry passengers and mail. It is very useful during times of emergencies like war, floods, earthquakes, etc.

Question 42.
Write a note on air transport in India.
Answer:
In India, there are two separate air transport corporations for operational purposes. They are:
1. Air India International which provides services between India and other countries.

2. Indian Airlines which operates within the country and also connects neighbouring countries. Now there are private air transport companies such as Jet Airways, Indigo, etc., providing air services both inside and outside the country. At present there are 141 airports in India of which 28 are international airports, 88 domestic airports and 25 civil enclaves at defence airfields. The Airports Authority of India manages the airports in India.

Question 43.
Who manages the airports in India?
Answer:
The Airports Authority of India manages the airports in India.

Question 44.
How many airports are there in India at present?
Answer:
There are 141 airports in India at present of which 28 are international airports, 88 domestic airports and 25 civil enclaves at defence airfields.

Question 45.
Name some international airports of India.
Answer:
The Indira Gandhi International Airport at Delhi, the Chhatrapathi Shivaji International Airport at Mumbai, Netaji Subash Chandra Bose International Airport at Kolkata and Kempegowda International Airport are some of the international airports of India.

Question 46.
What is communication?
Answer:
The conveyance of messages from one person to another or from one place to another is called communication.

Question 47.
Explain the importance of communication.
Answer:

Communication helps in the quick transmission and dissemination of ideas, information and messages from one person to another, from one place to another.
Communication helps in creating awareness among the people about government policies and development programmes.
It enables us to know about natural hazards and disasters, weather forecasts, etc.
It helps in the progress of trade, industry and agriculture.
It provides entertainment.
We get day – to – day information about the world.
It helps to maintain the unity and integrity of the country.

Question 48.
State the different categories of modes of communication in India.
OR
Mention the different types of communication in India.
Answer:
There are various modes of communication in India. They may be categorised into:

Personal communication
Mass communication. Letters, telephone, fax, email, internet, seminar, conference, etc., are modes of personal communication. Newspaper, radio, television, magazines, books, etc., are modes of mass communication.

Question 49.
What are the services rendered by post offices?
Answer:
Post offices provide many services such as carrying letters, packets and parcels, money orders, etc., from one place to another. They also provide savings bank facilities, issue National Savings Certificates, etc.

Question 50.
What is telecommunication?
Answer:
Telecommunication refers to communication through cable, telegraph, telephone, fax, etc.

Question 51.
Explain the importance of radio and television.
Answer:
Radio and television play a very important role in mass communication. They provide farmers with up-to-date information about agricultural problems, farm commodity prices, weather forecasts, modern methods of cultivation, etc. They also provide a variety of educational, informative and entertainment programmes.

Question 52.
In which year was the name All India Radio coined?
Answer:
The name All India Radio was coined in 1936.

Question 53.
When and under what name was TV broadcasting started in India?
Answer:
TV broadcasting was started in 1959 in Delhi under the name Doordarshan.

Question 54.
Which is the oldest newspaper in India? When was it started?
Answer:
Bombay Samachar (now Mumbai Samachar) in Gujarati is the oldest newspaper in India. It was started in 1822.

Question 55.
What is Geographical Information System?
Answer:
Geographical Information System is a computer based system that accumulates and interprets data of the earth’s surface.

Question 56.
What is Geographical Positioning System?
Answer:
Geographical Positioning System is a system used to indicate the location of a stationry or moving object or person through pointing out the latitude, longitude and height above sea level.

Question 57.
What is remote sensing?
Answer:
Collecting information about the earth’s surface with the help of satellites and without physically touching the objects is called remote sensing. Aerial and satellite pictures of the earth are taken using powerful cameras. Using these pictures, data about the earth are collected.

Question 58.
Expand the following abbreviations: NHAI, CPWD, SPWD, AIR, GIS, GPS.
Answer:

NHAI – National Highways Authority of India
CPWD – Central Public Works Department
SPWD – State Public Works Department
AIR – All India Radio
GIS – Global Information System
GPS – Global Positioning System.

Multiple – choice Questions

Question 1.
A major part of our foreign trade takes place through ________
(A) road transport
(B) air transport
(C) ocean transport
(D) rail transport
Answer:
(C) ocean transport

Question 2.
The oldest port in India is ________
(A) Chennai
(B) Mumbai
(C) Kolkata
(D) Paradip
Answer:
(A) Chennai

Question 3.
The port developed to reduce the pressure on Chennai port is ________
(A) Tuticorin port
(B) Ennore port
(C) Haldia port
(D) Vishakapatnam port
Answer:
(B) Ennore port

Question 4.
The large ships which cannot enter Kolkata port are received at ________
(A) Paradip port
(B) Ennore port
(C) Kandla port
(D) Haldia port
Answer:
(D) Haldia port

Question 5.
The largest terminal port in southeast Asia is ________
(A) Mumbai port
(B) Mormugoa port
(C) Kolkata port
(D) New Mangalore port
Answer:
(C) Kolkata port

Question 6.
The location of a stationary or moving object or person is known through ________
(A) GPS
(B) GIS
(C) remote sensing
(D) telecommunication
Answer:
(A) GPS

Question 7.
The exact matching of the marked places is ________

(A) 1 – Kandla, 2- Chennai, 3 – Kolkata
(B) 1 – Mormugoa, 2 – Chennai, 3 – Kolkata
(C) 1 – Chennai, 2 – Kandla, 3 – Mormugoa
(D) 1 – Kolkata, 2 – Mormugoa, 3 – Chennai
Answer:
(D) 1 – Kolkata, 2 – Mormugoa, 3 – Chennai

Question 8.
Gathering information from a distance without coming into direct contact with the object is ________
(A) GPS
(B) email
(C) GIS
(D) remote sensing
Answer:
(D) remote sensing

Question 9.
The main objective of remote sensing technology is ________
(A) locating geographical places correctly
(B) collection of data regarding the earth’s surface
(C) to help trekkers know the exact position
(D) to support transport authorities.
Answer:
(B) collection of data regarding the earth’s surface

Fill in the blanks

For the development of villages and agriculture in India road transport is essential.
The first railway line in India was laid between Bombay and Thane.
Mumbai port is called Gateway of India.
Bengaluru international airport is called Kempegowda International Airport.
The newspaper ‘Bombay Samachar’ was started in 1822.