KSEEB Class 10 Geography Important Questions Chapter 2 Indian Physiography

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Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Social Science Geography Important Questions Chapter 2 Indian Physiography

Question 1.
Which are the major physiographic divisions of India?
Answer:
The major physiographic divisions of India are:

1. Northern Mountains
2. Northern Great Plain
3. Peninsular Plateau
4. Coastal Plains

Question 2.
What are the Northern Mountains also known as?
Answer:
The Northern Mountains are also known as the Himalayan Mountains.

Question 3.
What is the extent of the Himalayan Mountains?
Answer:
The Himalayan mountain range extends from the Indus gorge in the west to the Brahmaputra gorge in the east. It is about 2400 kms. in length.

Question 4.
Describe the Northern Mountains.
Answer:
The northern mountains comprise the Himalayas which is a group of young fold mountains. It extends along the northern boundary of India. It is the highest mountain range in the world. It has high peaks, deep valleys, glaciers, rivers, etc. It extends from the Indus gorge in the west to the Brahmaputra gorge in the east. It is about 2400 kms. in length. The width of the range varies from 240 to 320 kms. It is broader in the west and narrower in the east. It covers an area of 5 lakh sq. kms. The Himalayas consists of three parallel ranges:

1. Greater Himalayas or Himadri.
2. Lesser Himalayas or Himachal.
3. Siwaliks.

Question 5.
Which are the three ranges of the Northern Mountains?
Answer:
The three parallel ranges of the Himalayas are:

1. Greater Himalayas or Himadri
2. Lesser Himalayas or Himachal.
3. Siwaliks.

Question 6.
What are the Greater Himalayas known as?
Answer:
The Greater Himalayas are known as Himadri.

Question 7.
The Greater Himalayas are called Himadri. Why?
Answer:
As the Greater Himalayas are covered with snow throughout the year, these ranges are called Himadri.

Question 8.
Describe the Great Himalayan Range or Himadri.
OR
What are the features of the Great Himalayan Range or Himadri?
Answer:
The Greater Himalayas or Himadri are the innermost, continuous and highest ranges. They are covered with snow throughout the year. The average height of the range is 6100 mts. These ranges have many peaks, of which Mt. Everest, Kanchenjunga, Makalu, Dhaulagiri, Manaslu and Nandadevi are important. There are many glaciers such as Gangotri and Yamunotri. There are also many mountain passes such as Burzil, Zoji La, Shipki La, etc.

Question 9.
Name the important peaks of Himadri.
Answer:
Mt. Everest, Kanchenjunga, Makalu, Dhaulagiri, Manaslu and Nandadevi are the important peaks of Himadri.

Question 10.
Which is the highest mountain peak in the world?
Answer:
Mount Everest is the highest mountain peak in the world.

Question 11.
Name two glaciers found in the Greater Himalayas.
Answer:
Gangotri and Yamunotri are two of the glaciers found in the Greater Himalayas.

Question 12.
Name the important mountain passes in the Greater Himalayas.
Answer:
BurziL, Zoji La and Shipki La are the important mountain passes in the Greater Himalayas.

Question 13.
What are Trans – Himalayas?
Answer:
The mountains lying to the north-west of the Greater Himalayas are called Trans-Himalayas.

Question 14.
Which is the highest mountain peak in India?
Answer:
Mt. Godwin Austin or K2 is the highest mountain peak in India.

Question 15.
In which range is Mt. Godwin Austin or K2 located?
Answer:
Mount Godwin Austin is located in the Karakoram Range.

Question 16.
By what names do the Nepalese and the Tibetans call Mt. Everest?
Answer:
The Nepalese call Mt. Everest as ‘sagarmatha’ or ‘Goddess of the Sky’. The Tibetans call it ‘Chomolungma’.

Question 17.
What are the Lesser Himalayas known as?
Answer:
The Lesser Himalayas are known as Himachal.

Question 18.
Describe the Lesser Himalayan Range or Himachal.
OR
What are the features of the Lesser Himalayan Range or Himachal?
Answer:
The Lesser Himalayas are also known as Himachal. They are located to the south of the Greater Himalayas. They are 60 to 80 kms. wide and 1500 to 4500 mts. high. The eastern part is covered with forests. There are many parallel ranges such as Pir Panjal, Dhaula Dhar, Naga Tiba, Mussoorie, Mahabharat and Darjeeling. They also contain many valleys such as Kashmir valley, Kangra valley, Kulu valley, etc. There are many hill stations such as Shimla, Ranikhet, Mussoorie, Nainital and Darjeeling.

Question 19.
Name some of the parallel ranges found in the Lesser Himalayas.
Answer:
Pir Panjal, Dhaula Dhar, Naga Tiba, Mussoorie, Mahabharat and Darjeeling are some of the parallel ranges found in the Lesser Himalayas.

Question 20.
List some of the valleys found in the Lesser Himalayas.
Answer:
Kashmir valley, Kangra valley and Kulu valley are some of the valleys found in the Lesser Himalayas.

Question 21.
Name some of the hill stations found in the Lesser Himalayas.
Answer:
Shimla, Ranikhet, Mussoorie, Nainital and Darjeeling are some of the hill stations found in the Lesser Himalayas.

Question 22.
What is the other name for the Siwaliks?
OR
Which range is known as the foothills of the Himalayas?
Answer:
The other name for the Siwaliks is ‘foothills of the Himalayas’.

Question 23.
Describe the features of the Siwalik range.
OR
Write briefly about the Siwaliks.
Answer:
The Siwaliks are the outermost ranges or foothills located to the south of the main Himalayas. Hence they are also known, as the outer Himalayas. They are the lowest range of the Himalayas, with a height of 600 to 1500 mts. and width varying from 15 to 150 kms. The Siwaliks extend from Jammu and Kashmir in the west to Arunachal Pradesh in the east. They have flat-bottomed, structured valleys called Doons.

Question 24.
Which is the outermost range of the Himalayas?
Answer:
The Siwaliks forms the outermost range of the Himalayas.

Question 25.
Why are the Siwaliks referred to as the outer Himalayas?
Answer:
The Siwaliks are the outermost ranges or foothills of the Himalayas. Hence they are referred to as outer Himalayas.

Question 26.
What are Doons? Give an example.
Answer:
Doons are flat – bottomed, longitudinal structure valleys found in the Siwaliks or outer Himalayas. Example: Dehradoon.

Question 27.
What is Bhabar?
Answer:
Bhabar is a narrow belt of land covered with pebbles deposited by the rivers and running in east-west direction along the foot of the Himalayas.

Question 28.
Describe the importance of the Himalayas.
OR
What are the advantages of the Himalayas?
OR
How do the Himalayas influence the life of the people of India?
OR
State the importance of the Northern Mountains.
Answer:
The Himalayas influence the life of the people of India to a great extent:

1. They act as natural frontiers and prevent foreign invasions
2. They obstruct the cold winds from central Asia
3. They obstruct the rain – bearing winds and cause heavy rainfall
4. Their slopes have thick forests and are ideal for plantation crops
5. They are a storehouse of minerals
6. They are the birthplace of many rivers and waterfalls which are used to generate hydroelectric power

Question 29.
How do the Himalayas influence India’s climate?
Answer:
The Himalayas obstruct the cold winds from central Asia. They also obstruct the rain-bearing winds and cause heavy rainfall.

Question 30.
How was the Northern Great Plain formed?
Answer:
The Northern Great Plain was formed by the depositional work of three river systems namely the Sutlej, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. It is formed by the fertile alluvium deposited by the rivers flowing from the Himalayas.

Question 31.
Describe the Northern Great Plain.
OR
What are the features of the Northern Great Plain?
Answer:
The Northern Great Plain lies between the Himalayas and the Peninsular Plateau of India. It is formed by the depositional work of three river systems namely the Sutlej, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. It is the largest alluvial soil tract in the world extending 2500 kms.from east to west. Its average width varies from 240 to 340 kms. It covers an area of about 7 lakh sq. kms. The plain is formed by the fertile alluvium deposited by the rivers flowing from the Himalayas. The plain is very flat and the rocks are not exposed on the surface.

Question 32.
How is the Northern Great Plain formed?
Answer:
The Northern Great Plain is formed by the fertile alluvium deposited by the rivers flowing from the Himalayas.

Question 33.
Explain the importance of the Northern Great Plain.
Answer:
The Northern Great Plain is most suitable for agriculture and irrigation as it has perennial rivers and fertile alluvial soil. Its level land supports a network of roads, railways and means of communication. The Great Plain is useful for industrialisation, urbanisation and trade. A number of pilgrim centres are located here.

Question 34.
Which is the largest of the physical divisions of India.
Answer:
The Peninsular Plateau is the largest of the physical divisions of India.

Question 35.
Which is the oldest physical division or landmass of India?
Answer:
The Peninsular Plateau is the oldest physical division or u .mass of India.

Question 36.
Describe the Peninsular Plateau.
OR
Explain the features of the Peninsular Plateau.
Answer:
The Peninsular Plateau is the largest physical division of India. It is also the oldest landmass. It is a part of the Gondwana landmass. It lies to the south of the Northern Great Plain and covers about 16 lakh sq. kms. It is roughly triangular in shape and Cape Kanyakumari in the extreme south forms its apex. It is bounded by many hills and plateaus namely the Aravallis, Vindhyas, Satpura, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, Chotanagpur ranges, Deccan Plateau, Malwa Plateau, etc.

Question 37.
Which are the important plateaus and hills of the Peninsular Plateau?
Answer:
Aravallis, Vindhyas, Satpura, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, Chotanagpur ranges, Deccan Plateau and Malwa Plateau are the important plateaus and hills of the Peninsular Plateau.

Question 38.
Write a note on the important ranges in the Peninsular Plateau.
Answer:
The Aravalli range, which is the oldest fold mountain, lies to the north – west. Guru Shikhar is the highest peak on the Abu Hills of the Aravalli range. The Vindhyan range flanks the northern edge of the Narmada valley. The Satpura range runs in the east – west direction south of the Vindhyas, in between the Narmada and Tapi rivers.

Question 39.
Write a note on the Western Ghats.
Answer:
The Western Ghats are a continuous range running parallel to the west coast of India from Tapi valley to Kanyakumari. They are also known as the Sahyadris. They are very steep on the western side and smooth on the eastern side. Borghat,Talghat and Palghat are important passes across the western ghats. To the south of the Palghat pass the western ghats continue as the Anaimalai, Palani and the Cardamom (Elaimalai) hills. Anaimudi in the Anaimalai range is the highest peak in South India.

Question 40.
Which is the highest peak in South India?
Answer:
Anaimudi in the Anaimalai range is the highest peak in South India.

Question 41.
Write a note on the Eastern Ghats.
Answer:
The Eastern Ghats run almost parallel to the east coast of India. They extend from the Mahanadi valley in the north to the Nilgiri hills in the south where they join the Western Ghats. They are lower than the Western Ghats and are not continuous. Arma Konda is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats.

Question 42.
Where do the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats meet?
Answer:
The Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats meet at Nilgiri Hills.

Question 43.
Distinguish between Western Chats and Eastern Chats.
Answer:
Western Ghats:

• They run parallel to the west coast of India.
• Western Ghats are higher than the Eastern Ghats.
• They are continuous.

Eastern Ghats:

• They run parallel to the east coast of India.
• Eastern Ghats are lower than the Western Ghats.
• They are not continuous.

Question 44.
Write a note on the Deccan Plateau.
Answer:
The Deccan Plateau is bounded by the Satpura and the Vindhya in the north – west, the Western Ghats in the west, the Eastern Ghats in the east, the Mahadev and the Maikal ranges in the north and the Chotanagpur plateau in the north – east.

Question 45.
Explain the importance of the Peninsular Plateau.
Answer:
The Peninsular Plateau is rich in minerals,thick forests and biodiversity. It influences the south – west monsoons. It is covered with black soil which is useful for agriculture. The Western Ghats is the birthplace of many South Indian rivers which are useful for the generation of hydroelectricity. There are some well known hill stations such as Ooty.

Question 46.
Which are the two divisions of the Coastal Plains?
Answer:
The Coastal Plains are divided into Western Coastal Plains and Eastern Coastal Plains.

Question 47.
Write a note on the Coastal Plains.
Answer:
The plateau of Peninsular India is fringed by coastal plains on either side. It extends from the Rann of Kutch in the west to the delta of the Ganga in the east. The coastal plain can be divided into two parts – the Western coastal plain and the Eastern coastal plain. The Western coastal plain lies between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. It extends from the Rann of Kutch to Kanyakumari. It is divided further into the Konkan coast,the Karnataka coast and the Malabar coast.

The Eastern coastal plain extends from the north of River Subarnarekha to Kanyakumari. It lies between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. The Eastern coastal plain is divided further into the Northern Circars and the Coromandel Coast.

Question 48.
Name the divisions of the western coastal plains.
Answer:
The western coastal plains is divided into the Konkan Coast, the Karnataka Coast and the Malabar Coast.

Question 49.
Explain the western coastal plain.
OR
Explain the three parts of the western coastal plain.
Answer:
The western coastal plain lies between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. It extends from the Rann of Kutch to Kanyakumari. It is narrow, steep and rocky. The western coastal plain is divided into three parts:

1. The Konkan Coast, which lies to the south of the Gujarat Plain, extends from Daman to Goa.
2. The Karnataka Coast which extends from Goa to Mangalore
3. The Malabar Coast, which extends from Mangalore to Kanyakumari.

Question 50.
Which are the two divisions into which the eastern coastal plain is divided?
Answer:
The eastern coastal plain is divided into the Northern Circars and the Coromandel Coast.

Question 51.
Which are the major lagoons in the Eastern Coastal Plain?
Answer:
Lake Chilka, Lake Pulicat and Lake Kolleru are the major lagoons in the eastern coastal plain.

Question 52.
Write a short note on the eastern coastal plain.
OR
Explain the two parts of the eastern coastal plain.
Answer:
The eastern coastal plain extends from the north of River Subarnarekha to Kanyakumari. It lies between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. It is broader than the western coastal plain. Many rivers of South India like Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri flow across the plain and they have formed deltas. Traditionally the eastern coastal plain is divided into two parts – the Northern Circars which lies to the north of River Krishna and the Coromandel Coast which is the southern part. Lagoons such as Lake Chilka, Lake Pulicat and Lake Kolleru are found here.

Question 53.
Differentiate between western coastal plain and eastern coastal plain.
Answer:
Western Coastal Plain:

• Located between Arabian Sea and Western Ghats.
• Divided into Konkan Coast, Karnataka Coast and Malabar Coast.
• It is narrow, steep and rocky.

Eastern Coastal Plain:

• Located between Bay of Bengal and Eastern Ghats.
• Divided into Northern Circars and Coromandel Coast.
• It is flat and broader than the Western Coastal Plain.

Question 54.
Explain the importance of the coastal plains.
Answer:
The Coastal Plains provide some natural harbours which help in carrying on of foreign trade. The coastal plains are useful for fishing, shipbuilding, agriculture and production of salt. The backwaters are useful for navigation. The many beaches found along the coast attract tourists.

Question 55.
In the map of South India, a physical division is marked/shaded. Name it and mention any two economic importance of it.

Answer:
The physical division marked/shaded in the map of South India is the coastal plains.
Importance:

1. The coastal plains provide some natural harbours which help in carrying on of foreign trade.
2. The coastal plains are useful for fishing, ship building,agriculture and production of- salt.

Question 56.
Mention some important ports of India.
Answer:
Kandla, Mumbai, Marmagoa, Kochi,Vishakapatnam and Kolkata are some important ports of India.

Question 57.
Write about the islands of India.
There are 247 islands in India. Of these, 204 are in the Bay of Bengal and 43 in the Arabian Sea. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are in the Bay of Bengal. The Lakshadweep Islands are in the Arabian Sea and are formed by corals.

Multiple – choice Questions

Question 1.
Which one of the following is not a physical division of India?
(A) Northern Plateau
(B) Northern Mountains
(C) The Great Northern Plain
(D) Coastal Plains
Answer:
(A) Northern Plateau

Question 2.
Which of the following ranges is not a part of the Northern Mountain?
(A) Siwalik range
(B) Himachal range
(C) Himadri range
(D) Maikal range
Answer:
(D) Maikal range

Question 3.
The highest mountain peak of India is ________
(A) Mount Everest
(B) Mt. Godwin Austin
(C) Kanchenjunga
(D) Aravalli
Answer:
(B) Mt. Godwin Austin

Question 4.
The highest mountain peak of Southern India is ________
(A) Anaimudi
(B) Kudremukh
(C) Palani
(D) Doddabetta.
Answer:
(A) Anaimudi

Question 5.
The foothilb of the Himalayas are called ________
(A) Siwaliks
(B) Himadri
(C) Himachal
(D) Peninsular plateau.
Answer:
(A) Siwaliks

Question 6.
The largest of India’s physical divisions is ________
(A) North Indian plain
(B) Coastal region
(C) Northern mountains
(D) Peninsular plateau.
Answer:
(D) Peninsular plateau.

Question 7.
The eastern coast in the south is called ________
(A) Coromandel
(B) Nilgiris
(C) Malabar
(D) Utkal.
Answer:
(A) Coromandel

Question 8.
The water body in India in which more number of islands are found is ________
(A) Bay of Bengal
(B) Arabian sea
(C) Palk Straits
(D) Gulf of Mannar
Answer:
(A) Bay of Bengal

Question 9.
The group of islands formed by corals is ________
(A) Andaman
(B) Nicobar
(C) Lakshadweep
(D) St. Mary’s.
Answer:
(C) Lakshadweep

Question 10.
The exact matching of the places marked in the map is ________

(A) 1 – Indira Point, 2 – Goa, 3 – Kanyakumari
(B) 1 – Kanyakumari, 2 – Indira Point, 3 – Goa
(C) 1 – Goa, 2 – Kanyakumari, 3 – Indira Point
(D) 1 – Goa, 2 – Chennai, 3 – Bay of Bengal.
Answer:
(C) 1 – Goa, 2 – Kanyakumari, 3 – Indira Point

Question 11.
This type of soil is deposited in the North Indian Plain ________
(A) Laterite soil
(B) Mountain soil
(C) Alluvial soil
(D) Red soil
Answer:
(C) Alluvial soil

Question 12.
Lakshadweep Islands are in the ________
(A) Arabian Sea
(B) Gulf of Mannar
(C) Bay of Bengal
(D) Palk Straits
Answer:
(A) Arabian Sea

Question 13.
The Great Himalayan Range is also called ________
(A) Himadri
(B) Karakoram
(C) Himachal
(D) Siwalik
Answer:
(A) Himadri

Fill in the blanks

1. The Greater Himalayas are also known as Himadri.
2. The Lesser Himalayas are also known as Himachal.
3. In South India, Anaimudi is the highest peak.
4. The Eastern Ghats meet the Western Ghats in the Nilgiri hills.