1st PUC English Model Question Paper 3 with Answers

   

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Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Paper 3 with Answers

Time: 3 Hrs. 15 Mins.
Max. Marks: 100

Instructions

  • Follow the prescribed limit while answering the questions.
  • Write the correct question number as it appears on the question paper.
  • One mark questions attempted more than once will be awarded zero.
  • For multiple-choice questions choose the correct answer and rewrite it.

I. Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence each. (12 × 1 = 12)

Question 1.
Who was appointed the chairperson of the Commission of Enquiry in ‘The Gentlemen of the Jungle’?
Answer:
Mr Fox

Question 2.
In ‘The School Boy’, ‘learning’s bower’ refers to _____
(a) tree
(b) teacher
(c) school
Answer:
(c) school

Question 3.
What surprised the white man when he removed the bandage on Mara’s hand?
Answer:
The white man was surprised that Mara’s wounded hand had got cured within a couple of hours of getting cut, just by placing the leaf of a medicinal plant on the wound and bandaging it.

Question 4.
What did the narrator call the man who paid the bill in the restaurant, in ‘Oru Manushyan’?
Answer:
Mercy

KSEEB Solutions

Question 5.
What should the people regain about money in ‘Money Madness’?
Answer:
Sanity

Question 6.
Which state government has recognized Babar Ali’s school ‘Anand Siksha Niketan’?
Answer:
West Bengal

Question 7.
The tree wants to become a bier for a ________ body in ‘If I was a Tree’. (Fill in the blank)
Answer:
a bier for a sinless body.

Question 8.
What did Mara offer to do in order to save the lake?
Answer:
Mara suggested to the king that he should get him executed and make it impossible for him to return to his place.

Question 9.
How old was Frederick Douglass when his mother died?
Answer:
About seven years old.

Question 10.
The old woman sticks to the speaker like a _______ (Fill in the blank)
Answer:
Burr

Question 11.
What did Nicola and Jacopo join during the rule of the German Elite Guards in Verona?
Answer:
Nicola and Jacopo joined the resistance movement which had begun to form secretly, during the rule of the German Elite Guards in Verona.

Question 12.
The speaker says ‘Do not ask of me, my love, that love I once had for you’ because of _______
(a) his beloved is not as beautiful as she was
(b) he has realized that there are other sorrows around him demanding his attention
(c) he has found a more beautiful lady love.
Answer:
(b) he has realized that there are other sorrows around him demanding his attention

II. Answer any eight of the following choosing at least two from poetry in a paragraph of 80 – 100 words each. (8 × 4 = 32)

Question 13.
Why did the man finally set the newly built bigger hut on fire, in ‘The Gentlemen of the Jungle’?
Answer:
After being repeatedly pushed out of his own huts, the man thinks of a plan to safeguard his rights. He knows that he cannot put up a fight against the powerful animals. Hence, he decides to give them a taste of their own medicine. He builds a hut which is big enough to accommodate all the animals. As he had expected, all animals, including Mr Lion, come to the hut and soon there ensues a fight among all. Making use of the opportunity, the man sets his hut on fire and along with the hut, all animals gathered in it are also dead. What the man couldn’t achieve by using muscle power, he achieves by using brainpower. Thus, the man gets justice by taking law into his own hands.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 14.
Bring out the contrast between the boy’s experience inside and outside the school in ‘The School Boy’.
Answer:
In the poem ‘The School Boy’, the first stanza portrays the experience of the schoolboy outside the school, whereas the next three stanzas present the experience of the schoolboy inside the school.

In the first stanza, the speaker is a young boy who tells the reader that he feels joyful to rise in the fresh and delightful summer morning. He enjoys the chirping of the birds which announces the daybreak. The boy gets entertained by the company of the hunter who blows his horn from a distant field and the sweet lullabies of skylarks. Thus, the imagé of the child in the first stanza focuses on nature as free and unfettered. He is associated with the spring as a time for growth, freshness and playfulness. But, in the next three stanzas; we get a totally different picture of the young schoolboy.

Once the boy is inside the school, he loses his feeling of paradise. In the school, the birds sing no longer and the atmosphere is no longer pure or innocent. The boy is supervised by a cruel teacher and the young ones spend the day In sighing and dismay. The boy finds the school boring. He sits drooping in class. He claims that school hours are too long. He can’t find any interest in books. He describes the learning in school as a long ‘dreary shower’.

In the next stanza, the boy says that inside the school he feels like a caged bird that is forced to sing, and when he feels annoyed, he cannot but droop his tender wings. Thus, the bird imagery allows for the comparison between the schoolboy outside the school and the schoolboy inside the school.

Question 15.
How did Mara and the narrator think differently about tying the medicinal creeper to the tree
in ‘Around a Medicinal Creeper’?
Answer:
Once the author was putting up a shade over a coffee seedbed. They needed something to tie the cane pieces placed across the frame. So, he sent Sanna to get some creepers from the forest. Sanna brought a whole bundle. Mara opened the bundle and while sifting he suddenly looked at one of the creepers and scolded Sanna for plucking it. On knowing from Sanna that there were many of these creepers in the forest, the writer along with Mara and Sanna went to the forest out of curiosity.

There he saw Mara tying the creeper to a nearby tree referring to it a thief. Mara believed that the plant would not be seen when anyone needed it urgently because it had been cursed by a sage. On the contrary, the author believed that the medicinal creeper was a seasonal plant which appeared only after the rains, put forth flowers and fruits and died quickly. That is why no one saw it until the next rainy season.

Question 16.
Describe the embarrassing experience of the narrator in the restaurant in ‘Oru Manushyan’.
Answer:
One evening the narrator goes to a crowded restaurant to have his food and when he has to pay the bill of eleven annas, he realises that his purse with his life’s savings of fourteen rupees is missing. But, the owner of the restaurant thinks that the speaker is trying to cheat him, and threatens to gouge his eyes out. None of the others at the restaurant seem to have any kindness either.

The speaker pleads with the owner to keep his coat as surety. But, the owner guffaws and makes the speaker remove his coat, shirt, and shoes. When he wants the speaker to remove even the trousers, the speaker pleads with him for mercy saying he has nothing inside. This only invokes more laughter and the restaurant owner, along with fifty other people gathered there, forces the speaker to strip further saying mockingly, “There must be something inside.” The speaker, now resigned to his fate, starts unbuttoning his trousers, all the time imagining himself standing naked in front of others, with his eyes gouged out.

We see that the narrator is not only embarrassed but also humiliated. Since he is not a cheat, it must have been terribly embarrassing for him to have realised that he had eaten his food at the restaurant, but had no money to pay for the food. His embarrassment would have increased when the owner of the restaurant treated him as a cheat. But, to top it all, the cruel way in which not only the owner but also the people gathered there treated him would have been humiliating for the narrator.

Question 17.
Why does the poet fear the cruel power of money on people in ‘Money Madness’?
Answer:
The poem ‘Money Madness’ makes an attempt to tell the reader how our fear of the cruel power of money will lead finally to our self-destruction. The speaker argues that if we develop a fear for the cruel power of money, then It will result in making the whole mankind develop a collective madness. This collective money madness is a result of each individual’s presumption that if he or she does not earn enough money and get society’s approval that he or she ¡s a person of worth, then he or she will be put to a great deal of humiliation.

KSEEB Solutions

Then society will give the individual enough food to survive, but along with the food, society will also criticize the individual for not earning enough. It is this fear of being looked down upon by society that makes people crazy for money and this way collective madness sets in.

Once this collective madness sets in, then we start killing each other and we start humiliating those who do not have enough money even to give them food, fire and shelter which ought to be available to everyone free of cast irrespéctive of whether one has enough money or not.

Question 18.
What motivated Babar Ali to start his own school?
Answer:
Babar All is the son of Nasiruddin Sheikh, a jute seller living in Bhapta neighbourhood of Gangapur village in West Bengal’s Murshidabad. Though Babar Ah lives ¡n a thatched house like most other people in the village, yet, he is one of the privileged ones in his village because his father is able to send Babar Ah to the village government school and give him a formal education.

Babar Ah gradually learnt that there were a great number of children who could not afford to get a formal education in the village government school because they did not have enough money to pay for uniforms, books, etc,, though teaching was free. Furthermore, these children were required to support their parents with some additional income. The boys generally took up odd jobs working as mechanics, day labourers, grass cutters, livestock herders, etc., and the girls worked as maidservants in the village where they did cooking, cleaning, washing clothes and dishes for their employers and this way they earned some money and supported their parents in making a decent living.

Babar Ah, who saw this; realized that he must do something for such other children in the village. It is this inner urge to do something for the other children in the village that motivated him to start his own afternoon school which he named ‘Anand Siksha Niketan’.

Question 19.
How does the poem ‘If I was a Tree’ illustrate the caste system as one of the basic problems in our society?
Answer:
The poem, ‘If I was a Tree’ is a veiled and a bitter attack on the cruel and inhumane practise of caste discrimination practised in Indian society. It is a social satire in which the poet by just a posing the world of nature with the human world accuses human beings of being meaner than the world of nature for practising untouchability against their own fellowmen. The speaker intends to highlight the fact that caste Is purely a man-made construct and with this diabolic idea powerful sections of society have managed to humiliate and suppress the meek for centuries.

The poet adopts a logical approach to present before the reader, the impersonal and large-hearted treatment of nature vis-a-vis the pettiness of man. The speaker speaks in the persona of an untouchable and presents some instances of untouchability that he Is subjected to. He uses the ‘tree’ as a metaphor for a representative from the plant world and highlights how agents of nature like the sunlight, the cðel breeze and the raindrops would have treated him if he were not a tree when they come in contact with him. The speaker says that if he was not a tree his shadow would feel defiled when the sunlight embraces him; his friendship with the cool breeze and the leaves would not be sweet; the raindrops taking him as an untouchable would refuse to give him water to quench his thirst and the mother earth would flee him asking for a bath if she came to know that he was branching out further from his roots.

Similarly, the bird is representative of the animal world. The speaker says that if he were not a tree the bird would have asked him what caste he was if it wanted to build its nest. Similarly, if he were not a tree the sacred cow would not scrape her body on him, scratching whenever it itched her and incidentally the three hundred thousand gods sheltering inside her would not have touched him.

The speaker concludes optimistically, hoping that because he is a tree, at least after its death, the tree would be hacked into pieces of dry wood and would be either used as fuel for the holy fire or a bier for a dead body. The pieces of wood, when they burn as fuel in the holy fire, would make him pure and if not, as a bier for a sinless body that would be borne on the shoulders of four good men. Thus, the poem expresses the anguish and desperation of the untouchables.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 20.
Why was the shrine dedicated to Mara by the king in ‘Watchman of the Lake’?
Answer:
‘Watchman of the Lake’ by R.K. Narayan enacts the legendary story of the martyrdom of Mara, an innocent villager of Sakkarepatna situated in the eastern base of Baba Budan Hills, In Karnataka. It was once the capital of a king called Rukmangada.

One night Mara saw in his dream, the Goddess of the River Veda which flows down the hills throughout the year. The Goddess told Mara to meet the king and ask him to build a tank and to give her a home. Though no one believed Mara’s story and made fun of him, Mara managed to meet the king one day and narrate his story. The king, unlike the others, believed Mara’s account and eventually got a tank built and stored the waters of the river Veda. The king made Mara the watchman of the lake and saw to it that the water of the lake was properly utilized for agricultural and other useful purposes.

Many years later, one evening Mara noticed that there was going to be a thunderstorm and owing to strong winds, there were waves in the tank rising very high and hammering at the bank. Mara at once realized that it was a dangerous situation and the waters of the lake might overflow the banks and destroy his village. He feared for the lives of the people and their property in the village. Mara, at once, went down on his knees and prayed earnestly to the Goddess of the river.

The Goddess appeared before him carrying a sword in her hand and her forehead was splashed with vermilion. She told Mara to move out of his hut at once and save himself. She told him that she was going to break out of the tank and flow over the villages and the towns and the king’s capital beyond it. Mara immediately prostrated before her and begged her to give him enough time to go and inform the king about it. He requested her to wait and not do anything until he returned.

Later Mara met the king, narrated the whole story and also gave him a suggestion as to how he could save the tank and his people. He requested the king to get him executed so that he would never return to his place and the Goddess would continue to wait for Mara. Though the king was not ready to accept Mara’s suggestion, Mara persuaded the king to get him executed so that the tank and the people of his kingdom could be saved. The king agreed and as per his wish, got Mara executed. Next, he got a shrine built for Mara in which the top pedestal had the idol of the Guardian Goddess of the village and just below it was the idol of Mara. The king ordered that the villagers should worship those idols every Tuesday and Friday to commemorate the martyrdom of Mara.

Question 21.
How does the farmer’s wife embrace life with dignity?
Answer:
‘The Farmer’s Wife’ presents the pathetic and miserable predicament of a farmer’s wife whose husband had committed suicide for not having the courage to withstand the insults and humiliation of his money lenders. The poem is in the form of a dramatic monologue ¡n which the farmer’s wife is pouring out her woes openly. In the first half of the poem, she admonishes her husband for letting her down and giving her a death blow. In the next part of the poem, the farmer’s wife declares that she would not let her children die like worm-eaten cotton pods, but with a firm heart, she would face the battle of life and not embrace death. She would teach her children to clench their fist not for begging for a handful of rice but to face the struggle for life and with courage and determination stay alive and not die like a coward.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 22.
What does Frederick Douglass tell about his mother in ‘Frederick Douglass’?
Answer:
The strong sense of regret lies in the fact that he did not know who his father was and that he was sepaçated from his mother as an infant. What makes the situation worse is that there is the common speculation that his father is a white man, and that his master is his father. He knows that his mother was a black woman named Harriet Bailey from whom he was separated because it was the common custom in that part of Maryland that the children were thus separated from their mothers, hindering the natural bond between the mother and the child.

He had seen his mother only four or five times when she met him after walking twelve miles from Mr Stewart’s place where she worked as the field hand. She had to be back in the field before the sunrise if she had to escape the penalty of whipping from the slave master. This left the mother and child very little time and scope for communication. The sad outcome of this is that when he lost her when he was around seven, he didn’t feel the usual emotions of sorrow. The sudden death of the mother put an end to whatever chance the author had of knowing who his father was. Thus, we see that a slave child ¡s an emotionally deprived child.

III. Answer one of the following in about 200 words. (1 × 6 = 6)

Question 23.
India’s native medicinal systems are on the verge of extinction because of the superstitious ‘ beliefs of the native doctors’. Examine this with reference to ‘Around a Medicinal Creeper’.
OR
The speaker of the poem ‘Do not ask of Me, My Love’ becomes more realistic when the harsh realities of life draw his attention. Elaborate.
OR
‘True gentlemen are made of character, not by their appearance’. Explain with reference to ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’.
Answer:
The lesson titled ‘Around a Medicinal Creeper’, presents a few anecdotes which tell us interesting stories about Indian medicinal plants growing in their natural habitat. To cite a few examples, in the first part of the lesson the author tells us about a medicinal creeper which was plucked by Sanna so as to tie up a bundle of bamboo shoots. Incidentally, Mara, his friend, informs that the creeper has a lot of medicinal properties and they need to secure it by tying it to a nearby tree. If he does not secure it that way carefully, it will disappear because it has been cursed by a sage.

Next, he tells another story in which he had used the leaves of some plant to stop a bleeding wound. However, when he went to the doctor, there was no sign of the wound. In another incident, Mara tells us how he lost the teeth on the right side of his mouth. In the next part of the lesson, the author tells the story of a Malayali Sadhu who had given Krishna, the author’s farmhand, the bark of some tree as medicine and had cured the boils on his body. However, the next time, when Krishna went to him seeking his help to cure his piles, the godman asked Krishna himself to search for the tuberous root, mix it with milk and drink it for five days.

Finally, in the concluding part of the essay, the writer opines that Indian native medicinal systems are on the verge of extinction because of the superstitious beliefs of the native doctors who fear that if they disclosed the secrets of these medicines, the medicines would lose their potency. What the author has said is undoubtedly true because the author has given enough anecdotes which cannot withstand any logical examination.

OR

A casual reading of the title and the first half of the poem might sometimes mislead the reader to imagine that the poet is going to describe the beauty of his beloved in romantic imagery. However, a careful close reading of the title and the whole poem will make the reader realize that though the poet expresses a great deal of love and appreciation for the beauty of his beloved, there ¡s a sudden transition in the poem from the poet’s personal love to the love of his people in general. This transition is caused by his increasing awareness and realization that there are many harsh realities besides ‘love’. This realization prompts him to abjure romantic love of the beloved for a contemplation of the misery of the world.

In the first half of the poem, the speaker declares that his life looks bright and beautiful on account of his beloved. He states that when he is ¡n her company he feels that he will enjoy eternal spring and nothing is more beautiful than the beautiful eyes of his beloved. Moreover, when he is in such a mood, if he is agonized by his love for his beloved, the misery of the world appears inconsequential to him.

KSEEB Solutions

However, as he became aware of the harsh realities of life like bloodshed during wars, diseases, poverty, hunger, deprivation, flesh trade, greed for money and power etc., his belief that the love for his beloved would remain eternal, suddenly undergoes a change. He realizes that such love for an individual will be an illusion because there are many other sorrows and pleasures which demand his equal attention and love. Thus, the poet gives up his romantic love of the beloved for a contemplation of the misery and other harsh realities of life.

OR

This short story by A.J. Cronin presents before us the story of two Veronese adolescents Nicola, aged about thirteen, and Jacopo, aged about twelve. The title ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’ has been used by the author only to redefine the meaning of the word ‘gentlemen’ and to express his admiration for two Veronese young men who are waging a relentless and epic battle to save their elder sister Lucia, aged about twenty years. She is their only relative left in their world.

Lucia is suffering from tuberculosis of the spine. She has no one el to take care of her except her two younger brothers — Nicola and Jacopo. She would have undoubtedly succumbed to her fatal disease if her two young brothers had not admitted her in a hospital and given her timely medical attention and care. Since the treatment she got in the hospital was quite expensive, and they had to make payments every week, the two young men had to work day and night to earn enough money to meet the expenses.

The brothers shined shoes, sold fruits, hawked newspapers, conducted tourists round the town, ran errands, and worked hard day and night relentlessly to earn enough money for making weekly payments to the hospital. Though, the two boys, this way earned quite a lot of money, they lived a selfless and Spartan life so as to save enough for their sister’s treatment. They did not spend anything for themselves either on their food or on clothes.

Thus, they saved a great deal, made regular payments to the hospital without complaining and helped their sister recuperate from her illness. The word ‘gentlemen’, during Shakespeare’s time, meant ‘a man of wealth and social position, especially one who does not work for a living’. But in the context of this lesson ‘gentleman’ means a man who is polite and shows consideration for the feelings of other people. It is true that “True gentlemen are made of character, not by their appearance”. It is in this sense that the author calls Nicola and Jacopo ‘gentlemen’ of Verona. Hence, we can say that the story of Nicola and Jacopo in ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’, redefines the qualities of a gentleman.

IV. Read the following passage and answer the questions set on it. (10 × 1 = 10)

One of the greatest runners of this century, Murray Halberg, winner of the 5000-metre race at the Rome Olympic Games in 1960, was almost killed in an accident while playing football. He was only 16 then. His left arm was so badly damaged that the arm remained paralysed for the rest of his life.

Halberg was born in New Zealand. After his accident, he gave up football and took to athletics. In 1951 Arthur Lydiard became his coach. In 1956, Olympics were to be held in Melbourne in Australia and Halberg prepared seriously for the 1500-meter race. But he finished eleventh out of 12 runners. He was completely disappointed. In the end, he decided that he would make another attempt. Now 23, Halberg changed himself from a human being into a running machine.

1960 came and Lydiard took him to Rome for the Olympics. Halberg was now 27, the age at which Lydiard had said he would reach his peak as a runner. He reached the final of the 5000-meter race without much effort. As the final began, all the runners were ready. The 60,000 people in the stadium never took notice of him; he was far behind them.

Eight laps later, he began to overtake the other runners one by one. There were three laps for the end of the race, but Halberg was sprinting with unbelievable strength. The people wondered, “Doesn’t he know how many laps are left?” With two laps left, Halberg had a clear 18-metre lead. One lap to go with Halberg still in the lead. But he was clearly becoming weak. His head was rolling from side to side and his teeth were bared in pain. Hans Grodotski, a German, was catching up with Halberg. Now Halberg was not fighting the others, but only against himself. His body was crying out for rest. His body said that Grodotski or anyone else could have the race. But his mind did not allow the body to win.

KSEEB Solutions

He could now see the White tape at the finishing line. Halberg prepared himself for the least effort, in case Grodotski overtook him. But Grodotski never did. Halberg fell into the tape and rolled to the ground. Halberg’s friends gathered around the fallen body. Their minds were full of anxiety. But there was that faint smile on his face.

Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence each:

Question 24.
Who won the 5000 metre race in the Olympic Games in 1960?
Answer:
Murray Halberg won the 5000 metre race in the Olympic Games in 1960.

Question 25.
Halberg’s arm was injured in _______
(a) a car accident
(b) a football game
(c) the 5000 meter race.
Answer:
(b) a football game.

Question 26.
Which country did Halberg belong to?
Answer:
Halberg belonged to New Zealand.

Question 27.
Who was Halberg’s coach?
Answer:
Arthur Lydiard was Halberg’s coach.

Question 28.
How old was Halberg when he went to the 1960 Olympics?
Answer:
Halberg was only 16 when he went to the 1960 Olympics.

Question 29.
In which lap of the race did Halberg establish a clear lead?
Answer:
Eight laps later, in the ninth lap Halberg established a clear lead.

Question 30.
Who was catching up with Halberg?
Answer:
Hans Grodotski, a German, was catching up with Halberg.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 31.
Halberg’s _______ did not allow his body to win. (Fill in the blank)
Answer:
mind.

Question 32.
Add a prefix to the word ‘complete’ to make its antonym.
Answer:
incomplete.

Question 33.
Halberg was sprinting with unbelievable _______. (strong / strength)
Answer:
strength.

V. A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate articles and prepositions given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

(the, with, into, for, a)

Question 34.
Mara noticed ______ man fishing in the lake. He told ______ man that it was a sacred place and no one was allowed to fish there. He warned him that if he saw him again _______ the rod and hook, he would push him _______ the water.
Answer:
a, the, with, into.

B. Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of the verbs given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 35.
The elephant got busy with other ministers to appoint the Commission of Enquiry. They _______ (choose) Mr. Fox as the Chairman. But the Commission ______ (has) no one from the man’s side. So, the man _______ (protest) and ______ (ask) to include one from his side.
Answer:
chose, had, protested, asked.

C. Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject. (1 × 2 = 2)

Question 36.
The nurse said, “Nicola and Jacopo ______ (brings/bring) their sister to this hospital. For the last twelve months, she _____ (has been/have been) our patient. There ______ (are/is) every hope that one day she will walk and sing”.
Answer:
bring, has been, is.

D. Correct the following sentences and rewrite them. (1 × 2 = 2)

Question 37.
Ganesh waited at the bus stop since two hours.
Answer:
Ganesh waited at the bus stop for two hours.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 38.
Raju and Ravi shared the work among them.
Answer:
Raju and Ravi shared the work between them.

E. Rewrite as directed. (6 × 1 = 6)

Question 39.
Krishna dug out the tuberous _______ (route/root) of the medicinal creeper.
(Fill in the blank with the appropriate word given in brackets.)
Answer:
root

Question 40.
The lion didn’t want any ______ (disturb) in his kingdom.
(Complete the sentence with the right form of the word given in brackets)
Answer:
disturbance.

Question 41.
to teach / Babar Ali started / poor children / his school
(Rearrange the segments to form a meaningful sentence)
Answer:
Babar Ali started his school to teach poor children.

Question 42.
The two boys didn’t expect any help from others. ______?
(Add a question tag)
Answer:
The two boys didn’t expect any help from others, did they?

Question 43.
The owner asked the narrator to take off his coat.
(Change into a question beginning with the right form of ‘do’)
Answer:
Did the owner ask the narrator to take off his coat?

Question 44.
Hanuman found Sanjeevini on the crest of the mountain.
(Frame a question so as to get the underlined word as the answer)
Answer:
Where did Hanuman find Sanjeevini?

VI. A. Refer to the following invitation and answer the questions set on it: (1 × 4 = 4)

1st PUC English Model Question Paper 3 with Answers 1

Question 45.
(i) What is the name of the programme?
(ii) Who is making her Rangapravesha?
(iii) Who is the chief guest of the programme?
(iv) Name the venue of the programme.
Answer:
(i) Nrithyankura.
(ii) Kumari Aishwarya.
(iii) Smt. Umashree, the Minister of Culture.
(iv) Ravindra Kalakshetra, Bengaluru.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 46.
Write a letter to The Manager, Sharada Book House, Gandhinagar, Bengaluru, requesting him to send some textbooks to you. Your letter should include the following points: (1 × 5 = 5)
The course you are studying.
Name of the textbooks.
Number of copies.
Address to which books are to be sent.
Answer:

Jayaprakash Hegde
36, B.H. Road
Vidyanagar
Shivamogga.

25 May 2019

The Manager
Sharada Book House
Gandhinagar
Bengaluru

Dear Sir,

This is with regard to the textbooks I need for P.U.C. first year language English. We have two separate books – a textbook and a workbook. They are titled Reflections and Articulation, both published by Cambridge Press. I would be grateful if you could send the books to my address through courier. Hope it wouldn’t take more than a week as our classes begin on the 1st of June 2019.
Please let me know the cost of the books and the delivery charges if any.
I reiterate that the books should be sent within a week.

Thank you,

Yours faithfully,
Jayaprakash Hegde.

VII. A. Match the expressions under column A with their corresponding language functions under B: (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 47.

A. Expressions

B. Functions

1. It’s very kind of you. Congratulating.
2. Wow! Looking attractive. Agreeing
3. That’s great! Keep it up. Complaining.
4. Yes, that’s a good idea. Expressing gratitude.
5. Sorry, you are disturbing me. Complimenting.

Answer:
1 – Expressing gratitude
2 – Complimenting
3 – Congratulating
4 – Agreeing
5 – Complaining.

KSEEB Solutions

B. Complete the dialogue: (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 48.
Ramya: Hi, when are your exams?
Sneha: Hello, I have my exams ______
Ramya: Fine, _____ for the exams?
Sneha: _______. See you after the exams.
Ramya: ______. Bye.
Answer:
Ramya: Hi, when are your exams?
Sneha: Hello, my exams will probably be in the second week of the coming month.
Ramya: Fine. How are you preparing for the exams?
Sneha: I am preparing well. See you after the exams.
Ramya: All the best for your exams. Bye.

C. Dialogue Writing: (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 49.
Anand has met the Principal of the college in which his son is studying to enquire about his performance. Write a dialogue between Anand and the Principal.
Answer:
Anand: Good morning, sir.
Principal: Good morning. What can I do for you?
Anand: My son Ashwin is studying in first P.U.C. I want to know about his performance.
Principal: Ashwin is doing well in his studies. I am proud of him.
Anand: Thank you for the information, sir.
Principal: You are welcome.

1st PUC English Previous Year Question Paper March 2019 (South)

   

Students can Download 1st PUC English Previous Year Question Paper March 2019 (South), Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Papers with Answers help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 1st PUC English Previous Year Question Paper March 2019 (South)

Time: 3 Hrs. 15 Mins.
Max. Marks: 100

Instructions

  • Follow the prescribed limit while answering the questions.
  • Write the correct question number as it appears on the question paper.
  • One mark questions attempted more than once will be awarded zero.
  • For multiple-choice questions choose the correct answer and rewrite it.

I. Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence each: (12 × 1 = 12)

Question 1.
Who made a friendship with the man in ‘The Gentleman of the Jungle’?
Answer:
Elephant.

Question 2.
What does the Schoolboy love to do in a morning?
Answer:
Listen to the bird’s song, distant huntsman’s horn.

Question 3.
Who promised Mara to give his whole plantation?
Answer:
The Godman / White man.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 4.
What were the daily occurrences in the city, where the Narrator stayed in ‘Oru Manushyan’?
Answer:
Murder, theft, crime.

Question 5.
The speaker in the poem ‘Money Madness’ is frightened of
(a) having no money
(b) money madness
(c) eating dirt.
Answer:
(b) money madness.

Question 6.
Who is the illiterate fishmonger in the lesson ‘Babar Ali’?
Answer:
Tulu Rani Hazra.

Question 7.
What does the word ‘bier’ mean in the poem ‘If I was a Tree’?
Answer:
Tree/pieces of dry wood.

Question 8.
What was Mara’s last request to the King in the play ‘Watchman of the Lake’?
Answer:
To kill him.

Question 9.
Which crop did the farmer grow in the poem ‘The Farmer’s Wife’?
Answer:
Cotton crop.

Question 10.
Where was Frederick Douglass born?
Answer:
Maryland, Hills borough.

Question 11.
The old woman’s eyes are compared to _________
Answer:
Bullet holes.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 12.
Why did the two boys wait in the deserted square late night in ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’?
Answer:
To sell newspapers.

II. Answer any EIGHT of the following in a paragraph of 80 – 100 words each: (8 × 4 = 32)

Question 13.
How did the elephant justify its act of occupying the hut?
Answer:
The elephant went to the man when it was in difficulty and asked him to give a place to keep its trunk to protect it from rain. A man showed sympathy and gave permission to keep its trunk only as there was enough place only for its trunk and himself. But the elephant slowly sneaked in and occupied the whole hut and threw him out, by saying that it would protect his hut from the hurricane.

Question 14.
How does the formal education curb the learner’s potential, in the poem ‘The School Boy’?
Answer:
Formal education is the obstacle for free learning to the children. Children prefer natural learning than formal schooling. The restrictions of formal schooling make children to detest their learning. Hence the poet questions when the buds are nipped and ‘blossoms have blown away’, and ‘tender plants are stripped’, how can a child get happiness in learning.

Question 15.
What was the story behind Mara’s loss of teeth in ‘Around a Medicinal Creeper’?
Answer:
Once Mara laid a trap for the rabbit in the forest, so he went next morning to check it but there was no animal in the trap. So he decided to brush his teeth as there was a stream nearby to wash face before returning home. He broke a small stick from a nearby plant to brush a third or fourth time, he felt a sour taste in the mouth. He wanted to try another stick hut before that he wanted to rinse his mouth. He took some water from the stream and after churning it around in his mouth, spat it out. He lost the teeth on one side, which had been touched by that stick.

Question 16.
Bring out the significance of Mara’s dream, in the play ‘Watchman of the Lake’.
Answer:
The poem Money Madness by D.H. Lawrence focusses on how a man becomes more materialistic and loses the values and sentiments in society. He respects money over relationships. Society goes on measuring a man in terms of money. A man who does not have money does not get respect from society and those who have money get respect and are obeyed by all. So to get all these social status, the man gives much importance to money and he never helps other fellow beings who may be in difficulties. The poet says that man has this money madness and it is widely spread among men. He affirms that if society goes behind money, individual to goes behind the same. He confirms that no man gives a pound without pain and no man gives a ten pounds without trembling, and the man loses his generosity. Man makes money, but money makes man and many things.

So, the man fears money and tries to accumulate it and respects it instead of other men. The poet also warns that money-less people should not be treated with neglect and should not be treated based on status. The poet fears for mankind that if it measures another man only in terms of money, there would be no future for human relationships. If people do not regain sanity about money, certainly money has got men down to become its slaves. So, the poet offers a genuine solution that bread should be free, shelter should be free and fire should be free to all the people in the world. In the overall view of the poem, the poet worries about man’s greed about money and offers a better solution for a better tomorrow.

Question 17.
Discuss the plight of farmer’s widows in reference to the poem ‘The Farmer’s Wife’.
Answer:
The poem “The Farmer’s Wife” is a tragic poem that reflects the helpless conditions of farmers’ widows. The plight of the widows is explained by one such widow. The poet uses many phrases to contrast her condition with that of her dead husband. She called the farmer as ‘virtuous’ and herself a ‘poor sinner’. The farmer was unable to pay the debts and he left all the debts to his wife, so she was very sad on his act of committing suicide. The feminist concept was also highlighted in the poem, the phrase “I was born with a head bent” justifies the discrimination in our society between men and women. Man is born with his head held high, but a woman is born with her head bent. But he did not face his creditors bravely and left all this to his wife to solve. She accused her husband that he poisoned himself and gone away by poisoning his wife’s existence. She remembered the memories of his beating, blaming drinking, and kicking’ haunting her. She never dreamt that he would commit suicide. It was true that the crop was gone but the debt remained there and dignity had hit the dust. She expresses her helplessness that how would she be able to bear the burden of their four children. She compared her condition with “worm-eaten cotton pods”. She got ambiguity and asked what was that and why he committed suicide. At last, she confidently asserts her determination to struggle out her life even – without her husband for the sake of her children. So, she shows a strong will to survive against all difficulties. Her voice is raised against the society in general.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 18.
Discuss the plight of an old woman in reference to the poem ‘An old woman’?
Answer:
The poem An old woman depicts the worst condition of au old woman. who is an old beggar near the Horseshoe shrine? She holds the sleeves of the passers-by and follows them asking for a fifty paise coin. Even though by appearance she looks like a beggar, she has her self respect and in return for the fifty paise, offers to show the tourists around the Horseshoe shrine. She laments about her helplessness in those wretched hills to eke out a living. Her physical appearance evokes sympathy in the passers-by. Phrases like “bullet holes for her eyes. ‘cracks that begin around her eyes spread beyond her skin”, and shatterproof crone” describe the pathetic condition of her miserable existence.

Question 19.
Describe the childhood experiences of Frederick Douglass as a slave.
Answer:
The passage reflects the brutal hidden faces of the masters who treat their slaves cruelly. The slaves were not given proper food. They were exploited without any freedom. Especially for women, it was double exploitation in the name of patriarchy and in the name of slavery. When the girls at teenage seem to be beautiful for their masters, they use them sexually and if they give birth to children, the children were sold at the age of infants to avoid their sentimental relationship. The passage also explains the heart-rendering description of walking at nights for several miles of mothers to see their children. Moreover, they could talk only a little bit because the children would be tired and go to sleep but in the morning they have to go back to work before sunrise. If they fail, they get whipping. This shows the brutal nature of white masters towards their slaves.

Question 20.
How does the speaker’s attitude undergo a change in the poem ‘An Old Woman’?
Answer:
The poet by depicting her physical appearance makes ‘An Old Woman’ more sympathetic. The passer-by initially did not show much sympathy to her but later when she observes keenly her physical appearance and when she offered to become a tourist guide to show around the shrine, she was very much moved by her condition and admired her self respect. Here, passer-by represents anybody in general. Finally, when she feels as if the skyway falling with the sound of plate glass clatter all around the old crone who was shatterproof and standing alone, she undergoes a change in attitude. So, the old woman was successful in evoking sympathy from anyone, in front of the temple.

Question 21.
How did the two boys struggle to look after their sister Lucia?
Answer:
The two boys were devoted to their sister and to earn money for her treatment, undertook all kind of jobs available in Verona. They sold fruit, shined shoes, ran errands and hawked newspapers and worked hard throughout the day.

Question 22.
Why did the poet ask his Love, ‘Do not ask of me my love, that love once I had for you?’
Answer:
A transformation from imagination to reality can be seen in the perception of love. Every teenager lives in a world of illusions and dreams of his love, but when he is more mature and deals deep in society and problems. he realises that love is not a complete world and there are other important issues too.

III. Answer ONE of the following in about 200 words: (1 × 6 = 6)

Question 23.
Does the story ‘Oru Manushyan’ talk about transformation in a person? Discuss.
Answer:
The narrator used to forego his breakfast and morning tea so that he had the money for his evening meal and tea. One day, as usual, he came to the crowded restaurant and had his regular meal and tea. When he had to pay the bill, he realized that his wallet had been picked. He revealed this fact to the owner who only found it funny and laughed out loud. Though the narrator offered to leave his coat with the owner, he forced the narrator to take off all his clothes. As the narrator was very much ashamed taking off his trousers, a stranger stopped him and paid his bill. He later made the narrator wear his clothes and took him away. When the narrator praised and thanked him, the stranger just laughed. He did not reveal his name but only warned the narrator against speaking about him.

The stranger showed five wallets to the narrator, out of which one was the narrators. The stranger told the narrator to check whether his money was intact, and he wished him good luck. The narrator had mixed feelings by now. It Was clear that his humiliation at the restaurant was due to the stranger’s picking his wallet and rendering him helpless. But he was also thankful for his help at the right moment, avoiding the humiliation of standing stark naked in front of all the people. He felt that the stranger had perhaps undergone a transformation during his own interaction with the restaurant owner. This made him say at the end, ‘May God help you’, and leave without saying anything more to the stranger.
OR
Is Babar Ali’s evening school a successful effort? Explain.
Answer:
Education is a true religion’ is a good thought of Nasiruddin where all the people are quarrelling about their religions and castes he is the man who gives education for and says education s a true religion. Anybody can steal anything but nobody can steal education. It is immortal light which lights millions of other lights. understanding this Nasiruddin excellently quotes. ‘Education is a true religion’ Getting inspired by his thought many people send their children to schools. because they understood the value of education and its uses. Babar’s commitment is also not deniable, he started with eight and continued now with eight hundred, it shows how he had changed the people and attracted the children towards school. Babar Ali is a good example for the quote, “Where there is will there is away. Otherwise in the teenage. he got the thought and initiated it and followed it and made others to follow it if some others in his place would have played in the grounds in the age. So he is a great success, and his name is spread all over the country. It should be not stopped with this but ignites many souls to take initiative to see a better tomorrow for India. Hence, Habar Ah is a legend of youth and stood perfectly an icon of youth to the modern world.
OR
How did Mara save the Lake, in the play ‘Watchman of the Lake’?
Answer:
The initiation is a definite success. Babar Ali’s intention then he started his school was to help the less fortunate people by providing free education. Today, more and more under village people have utilized this opportunity of his and are coming up in society. Moreover, we can clearly see that BabarAli’saction has inspired millions of people around the world. if more people take part to change the world for the better, there will be a greater success than he would have wished for Babar Ali has brought about the change he wanted to see in his surroundings. If a young boy from a village had the will and determinations to make a change in the world out there, it is not right on own part to remain as mute spectators hut we most also actively participate towards bringing the change.

IV. Read the follow ing passage and answer the questions set on it: (10 × 1 = 10)

Many of the plants that are poisonous in large quantities are useful medicinally if taken in very small quantities. Foxgloves are poisonous if eaten, but the drug digitalis extracted from the plants, and this is used to treat people with heart diseases. The deadly Nightshades gives belladonna, which is used as a sedative and Nux Vomica tree supplies strychnine which can increase appetite. However, both of these medicines must be taken in small doses; they are poisonous if that does is exceeded. Before men could manufacture drugs, plants were their only source. The Chinese were using Opium from Poppies and the South American Indians chewing Cocoa leaves as painkillers long before the presence of drugs called Cocaine and Heroin.

Now that these drugs are distilled from the plants and used at greater strengths, they have become addictive drugs causing as much distress as relief from pain. Other drugs are not as dangerous. Quinine which heals to bring down lever extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree; which grows in South America – Camphor, Caster beans and Cloves all give oils with medicinal uses, and these are only a few of the many plants used to ease the illness. Another fungus must be included here, the penicillin fungus, which gives penicillin, and it is a valuable antibiotic.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 24.
How are the poisonous plants medicinally useful?
Answer:
If taken in very small quantities.

Question 25.
Which drug is helpful to treat people with heart diseases?
Answer:
Drug digitalis.

Question 26.
What happens if belladonna and strychnine are given in small doses?
Answer:
Increase appetite.

Question 27.
Before the man could manufacture drugs, plants were not the only source of medicines. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

Question 28.
The drug that is extracted from foxgloves is
(a) Belladonna
(b) Strychnine
(c) Nuxvomica
(d) Digitalis
Answer:
(d) Digitalis

Question 29.
What was used as painkillers by the Chinese and the South American Indians?
Answer:
Chinese used Opium South American Indians Cocoa.

Question 30.
Which plants produce oils of medicinal value?
Answer:
Camphor, Caster beans and Cloves.

Question 31.
Which fungus proves a good antibiotic?
Answer:
Penicillin.

Question 32.
_____ helps to bring down a fever.
Answer:
Quinine.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 33.
Add a prefix to the word ‘Valuable’t form its antonym.
Answer:
Invaluable.

V. A. till in the blanks with appropriate articles and prepositions given in brackets: (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 34.
One of the two boys, had worn ________ jersey and cut off Khaki pants; ________ other _______ shortened army tunic gathered ______ loose folds about his skinny frame.
Answer:
a, on, the, in

B. Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of the verbs given in brackets: (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 35.
We ______ (send) Sanna to get some creepers from the forest. He _______ (bring) a whole bundle. Mara ______ (open) the bundle. He suddenly looked at one of the creepers and ______ (scold) Sanna.
Answer:
sent, brought, opened, scolded.

C. Choose the correct form of the Verb that agrees with the Subject: (3 × 1 = 3)

Question 36.
The Commission _______ (sits/sat) to take the evidence. Mr Elephant _______ (was/were) first called. He said “There ______ (are/is) no need to waste their valuable time”.
Answer:
sat, was, is.

D. Correct the following sentences and rewrite them: (2 × 1 = 2)

Question 37.
I get up at 6 A.M in the morning.
Answer:
I get up at 6 in the morning.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 38.
What your command is?
Answer:
What is your command?

E. Re-write as directed: (6 × 1 = 6)

Question 39.
The bus _______ (fare/fair) has been increased.
(Fill in the blank with the appropriate word given in bracket)
Answer:
fare.

Question 40.
Students learnt the correct _________ (pronounce).
(Complete the sentence with the right form of the word given in the brackets).
Answer:
Pronunciation.

Question 41.
treated as/ a/ Mara/ was/ madman
(Rearrange the segments to form a meaningful sentence)
Answer:
Mara was treated as a madman.

Question 42.
The students can speak English, ______
(Add a question tag).
Answer:
Can’t they?

Question 43.
The members understand the situation.
(Change into a question beginning with the right form of ‘Do’)
Answer:
Did the members understand the situation?

KSEEB Solutions

Question 44.
The Lion wanted to have peace and tranquilly in his kingdom.
(Frame a question so as to get the underlined word as answers).
Answer:
What did the lion want in his kingdom?

VI. A.
Question 45.
Refer to the following table and answer the questions. (4 × 1 = 4)
1st PUC English Previous Year Question Paper March 2019 (South) 1
(a) How many teams played in the league?
(b) Which team has the highest run rate?
(c) How many matches did RR Lose?
(d) Name the team that has the lowest run rate?
Answer:
(a) 6 teams
(b) Mumbai Indians.
(c) 3
(d) DD

Question 46.
Write a letter to the Municipal Commissioner of your area requesting him/her to take remedial measures to overcome the stray dog menace. Your letter should also include the following points.

  • Increase in the number of stray dogs.
  • Frequent attacks by stray dogs.
  • Adapting measures such as castration, relocation etc…

Answer:
Akshay Gupta
No. 22, 1 Cross
Gandhinagar
Bengaluru – 560004
5th February 2019

The Municipal Commissioner
Gandhinagar,
Bengaluru – 560004

Dear Sir/Madam,
Sub: Stray dog Menance.
This is to bring to your kind notice about the increase in the number of stray dogs in our area. There are also frequent attacks by stray dogs. So I request the officials kindly to take preventive measures such as castration, relocation to bring down the astray dogs population in our area.
Kindly do the needful and oblige.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully Sd/-
(Akshay Gupta)

VII. A. Match the expressions under column ‘A’ to its corresponding language functions under ‘B’. (5 × 1 = 5)

Question 47.

A. Expressions B. Functions
1. Could you give me your pen, please? a. Introducing
2. Hello, Good Morning. b. Expressing gratitude
3. What You Say may be right but ……… c. Requesting
4. Raju, This is Ravi. d. Disagreeing
5. Thank You so much. e. Greeting
f. Expressing Sympathy

Answer:
(1) – c, (2) – e, G) – d, (4) – a, (5) – f.

B. Complete the dialogue. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 48.
A Conversation between a teacher and the student who has come late to the class.
Student: May _________ Sir?
Teacher: Why are you late?
Student: I am sorry sir, ________
Teacher: Why did you miss the bus? You should have left home early.
Student: ______ Hereafter, I will leave the home early.
Teacher: OK. Come in.
Student: _________
Answer:
Student: May I come in Sir?
Teacher: Why are you late?
Student: I am sorry sir, I missed the bus
Teacher: Why did you miss the bus? You should have left home early.
Student: Sorry Sir hereafter, I will leave home early.
Teacher: OK. Come in.
Student: Thank you, Sir.

KSEEB Solutions

C. Dialogue writing: (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 49.
Salim goes to the railway station to enquire about the trains to Delhi on Sunday. Write a dialogue between Salim and the Receptionist. (1 × 3 = 3)
Answer:
Salim: Good Morning Sir, Can you please suggest me the trains to Delhi.
Railway Station Master: We have 2 trains on weekdays.
Salim: I need to take the train to Delhi on Sunday.
Railway Station Master: It is Bhuvaneshwar Express at 9 A.M.
Salim: Thank you, sir, for the information.

1st PUC English Model Question Paper 2 with Answers

   

Students can Download 1st PUC English Model Question Paper 2 with Answers, Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Papers with Answers help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Paper 2 with Answers

Time: 3 Hrs. 15 Mins.
Max. Marks: 100

Instructions

  • Follow the prescribed limit while answering the questions.
  • Write the correct question number as it appears on the question paper.
  • One mark questions attempted more than once will be awarded zero.
  • For multiple-choice questions choose the correct answer and rewrite it.

I. Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence each. (12 × 1 = 12)

Question 1.
Who was the secretary of the Commission of Enquiry in ‘The Gentlemen of the Jungle’?
Answer:
Mr. Leopard

Question 2.
What does ‘cage’ refer to, in ‘The School Boy’?
Answer:
School is compared to a bird’s cage.

Question 3.
According to Mara, how do the mongoose and the cowl cure themselves of snakebite in ‘Around the Medicinal Creeper’?
Answer:
They chewed the leaf of the medicinal plant if they were bitten by a snake.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 4.
In ‘Oru Manushyan’, the people in the city would do anything, even _______ for the sake of money.
(a) commit murder
(b) rob banks
(c) beg on streets
Answer:
(a) commit murder

Question 5.
Who is the most educated teacher in Babar Ali’s school?
Answer:
Debarita Bhattacharya.

Question 6.
_____ wouldn’t flee shouting for a bath in the poem, ‘If I Was a Tree’.
(a) Mother Earth
(b) Raindrops
(c) Leaves
Answer:
(a) Mother Earth

Question 7.
In ‘Watchman of the Lake’, one day a visitor approached Mara to ______
(a) get water to his village
(b) stop fishing in the lake
(c) work as watchman of the lake.
Answer:
(a) get water to his village
The visitor approached Mara for some water from the tank as his village was the farthest from the king’s domain and crops parched up and cattle were dying of drought.

Question 8.
What does ‘the harvest of my womb’ refer to, in ‘The Farmer’s Wife’?
Answer:
Her Children

Question 9.
Write one of the things that sustained Douglass during the darkest hours of slavery.
Answer:
One of the things that sustained Douglass during the darkest hours of slavery was his deep conviction and spirit of hope that he would certainly come out of slavery someday.

Question 10.
What does the old woman offer to do to get fifty paise?
Answer:
Take the speaker to the horseshoe shrine.

Question 11.
Name the village where Lucia was getting treatment in ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’.
Answer:
Polenta

Question 12.
What did the speaker ask his beloved not to expect from him, in ‘Do not ask of Me, My Love’?
Answer:
The speaker of the poem tells his beloved not to ask of him for the love he once had for her.

II. Answer any eight of the following choosing at least two from poetry in a paragraph of 80 – 100 words each. (8 × 4 = 32)

Question 13.
How did the elephant justify his act of occupying the hut in ‘The Gentlemen of the Jungle’?
Answer:
The elephant had absolutely no qualms while justifying its territorial occupation of the man’s hut. It deposed before the Commission that the man had asked the elephant to save his hut from the hurricane and as the hurricane had gained access to the hut owing to the unoccupied space in the hut, the elephant had put the empty, undeveloped space to a more economic use by occupying it.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 14.
How does the schoolboy view his experience in school in ‘The School Boy’?
Answer:
In the poem, ‘The School Boy’ Blake makes a plea on behalf of little children who hate the experience of going to school because of the prevalent authoritarian ways of school authorities. In the poem, we see that it is a matter of utmost disappointment for the schoolboy to attend school on a sweet summer morning when actually he wishes to enjoy the mirth of summer. He is tired and even puzzled under the strict supervision of his teacher. The phrase ‘cruel eye outworn’ refers to the authoritarian eyes of the teacher that actually tire the boy. Instead of enjoying the pleasures of summer, the child has to compulsorily attend the school where he spends his day in boredom and dismay.

Naturally, in such a set-up, the child experiences weariness. He sits drooping out in the sea of tediousness. The child resents the assault on him by the oppressive personality of the teacher and the unnecessary words of erudition the teacher gushes out without attempting to understand either the child’s intention at his urge for unchecked freedom. The learning’s bower refers to a garden where the child can be taught in an interesting way, only if nature accompanies him instead of the school teacher.

A bird which is born cheerful and jovial can never sing sweet songs if caged. Similarly, a child, if restrained under the umbrella of annoying fear, tension and the scepticism of his teacher, can never enjoy the natural instincts of joy and playfulness. A world full of rigid course of discipline will ruthlessly take away the beautiful spring — the childhood days — of a person’s life. Thus, though the tone of the poem is not highly critical, Blake does make his point clear — don’t kill the joy of learning.

Question 15.
How was Krishna cured when he had piles in’Around a Medicinal Creeper’?
Answer:
Krishna had piles problem and the only cure for it in allopathy was surgery. Krishna, an illiterate, was terrified of surgery and hence he went to the village godman for treatment. The godman, being old, could only give the description of the plant which could be used for his cure. Since the description matched the features of the miracle creeper, the author took him to the creeper which Appanna had tied to a tree and Krishna drank the ground tuber of the creeper with milk. He was cured completely in five days.

Question 16.
Describe the people and the place where the narrator lived in ‘Oru Manushyan’.
Answer:
The place was quite a big city in the valley of a mountain. The inhabitants did not have the virtue of mercy in their heart and were a cruel lot. They were ready to do anything for money. Shocking incidents like murder, robbery, pickpocketing were the order of the day. The inhabitants worked as soldiers, money lenders and watchmen in banks/mills/commercial establishments. They had no knowledge of English and it was as though they were content in their own small world of malice and meanness.

Question 17.
Why does the poet describe money madness as our ‘vast collective madness’ in ‘Money Madness’?
Answer:
According to the poet, ‘money madness’ is directly related to the attitude of mankind towards those who do not have money. Mankind measures the worth of a man in society by the amount of money a man has. Mankind treats those who do not have money with a lot of contempt and humiliates them. No doubt, mankind gives such people bread to eat, but along with bread, such people will also have to suffer a lot of humiliation and cruelty. This attitude of mankind towards those who do not have money gives ‘money’ cruel power which terrorizes people. It is this terrorizing fear of getting humiliated by the society that makes people mad about money. Naturally, every individual craves to possess some money. That is why the poet describes ‘money madness’ as our ‘vast collective madness’.

Question 18.
Why does the speaker wish to be a tree in ‘If I was a Tree’?
Answer:
It is clear from the poem that the speaker has suffered the bane of discrimination in human society. His statement that if he were a tree no bird would ask him what caste he is, makes it clear that the speaker is made to feel ashamed of his caste repeatedly. When he states that the shadow of the tree which is formed on the ground when the sunlight falls on it, wouldn’t feel defiled, it is clear that people keep him at a distance and do not allow even his shadow to come ¡n their way as he and his shadow are considered impure.

KSEEB Solutions

When he talks about the sweet friendship with the cool breeze and leaves, it is clear that in society not many extend to him their hands of friendship. When he avers that raindrops wouldn’t turn back from him considering him a dog eater, it is understandable that people from whom he hoped for sustenance just as a tree gets its sustenance from water, he got only abuse and rejection. When he writes that mother earth wouldn’t flee from him with the fear of getting defiled, the picture of upper caste people shooing him away forms in the imagination of the readers.

The phrase ‘branching out’ makes ¡t clear that the hopes and aspirations of the lower caste people are curbed and they are not allowed to make use of their potential. Through the image of the sacred cow coming to the tree and giving the tree the joy of being touched by the three hundred thousand gods sheltering inside her, the speaker shows that entry to sacred places is denied to him. It could even be an ironical reference to the higher caste people who worship cows as divine but fail to see divinity in their fellow human beings. It could even be a mockery of the upper caste people who worship thousands of gods but have no respect for their brethren.

Finally, when the speaker says that if he were a tree he would have the privilege of being burnt In the holy fire or becoming the bier, it is clear that, as a human being, he knows that he would be shunned even after death and wouldn’t be allowed a decent death. Thus, as a human being, in life and death, he would be condemned, but as a tree, he would live a life of dignity and joy. Thus the speaker makes ¡t clear that instead of being born as a human being in a society which practises discrimination, it is better to be born as a tree or any other creature in nature, as in nature there is no discrimination.

Question 19.
Give an account of Mara’s meeting with the king on a stormy night in ‘Watchman of the Lake’.
Answer:
When Mara fell at her feet, the Goddess asked him to rise up and hear her intently. She told him that she was the Goddess of the Lake and that river Veda was her plaything. She asked him to leave the hut at once and save his life. Mara asked her what was going to happen. She told him that she was going to destroy the tank that imprisoned Veda. When Mara told her that they had built the tank at her command, the Goddess replied that she was in a different mood and wanted to splash away the waters of Veda. Mara told the Goddess that the waters of Veda would wash away hundreds of villages and towns and the king’s capital beyond if the bank was removed.

Mara prostrated before her and begged her to stay her hand and not to carry out the devastation until he came back after informing the king about it. After meeting the king he requested the king to get him executed and prevent him from returning to the Goddess. Though the king disliked the suggestion, finally he granted Mara’s wish and got him executed. The Goddess stayed her hand, did not destroy the tank and waited for Mara’s return. Thus, Mara saved the lake.

Question 20.
How does the poem ‘The Farmer’s Wife’ bring out the plight of the farmer’s wife and her self-assertion?
Answer:
The poem ‘The Farmer’s Wife’ is structured like a dramatic; monologue In which the woman addresses her dead husband, as though he was sitting right in front of her. In veiled anger and a mocking tone, she tells him that it was a virtue that he had died without being forced to suffer the humiliation of standing before his creditors with a bent head and a hand stretched out or selling off his crops. But she is a sinner and hence having been born as a woman, with a bent head and a hand outstretched, had to sell her self-esteem all through her life. She asks him why he had left her to suffer despite knowing her status in society. She accuses him of intentionally committing suicide, despite being aware of her predicament as a ‘widow’. She castigates him for consuming poison and poisoning her existence.

Using the cotton crop as an analogy, she tries to convey the idea that the ‘cotton crop’ has a limited life and once it is sold, or it perishes owing to vagaries of weather, we forget it once and for all. But, her family has to continue to take out a living, generation after generation.

She questions the popular idea of ‘manhood’ as propagated by society. She recalls how she had struggled hard to keep his family alive, despite being kicked and verbally abused by him, in a drunken mood. She tells him sarcastically, that she had suffered such cruel treatment, only because she had firmly believed that he would act like a real ‘man’ and would take care of her family. She mocks him for dying like a coward and giving her a death blow. She accuses him of being selfish, self-centred and irresponsible. She admits that it was true that the crop he had hoped to raise had perished and hence his debts had remained unpaid. Consequently, they were looked down upon and were forced to cry in humiliation.

At this juncture, he had only thought of ‘his crop’ and ‘his dignity’ and hence had taken recourse to suicide. But, by doing so, he had proved that he was utterly selfish, and Irresponsible husband and father. He should also have thought of his duty and responsibility, as a husband and to his four children, which she had borne and harvested from her womb. She asks a rhetorical question ‘Can I leave them to the wind like worm-eaten cotton pods?’ She Intends to say that ‘crops’ can be left to perish and not her children.

She expresses her contempt saying that he had died like a coward most irresponsibly without bothering about his kids. In the last part, she expresses her stance as a ‘mother’. She declares that she would stay alive not merely to take care of her children but also to show to her children how to embrace life and to struggle for life with a clenched fist.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 21.
Write a note on the cruelty of Mr Plummer in ‘Frederick Douglass’.
Answer:
Mr Plummer was so ruthless that Captain Anthony, who himself was a cruel slaveholder, was enraged by the cruelty of Plummer. Mr Plummer, as the overseer, was in charge of the farm and the slaves and exploited the situation fully to torment the slaves. He went around with not only the cowskin but also a heavy cudgel and cut and slashed women’s heads horribly. Mr Plummer comes out as a man who took sadistic pleasure in hurting others.

Question 22.
What were the different ways in which Nicola and Jacopo earned money?
Answer:
Nicola and Jacopo seem to be jacks of all trades. ln addition to selling strawberry, the boys sold the newspaper, shined shoes, ran errands such as procuring American cigarettes and opera tickets for the foreigners and acted as their tour guides in not only taking them around the beautiful place but also giving them useful information as to which restaurants served good pasta. It looks as if they were prepared to take up any and every avenue of making money. But, what is remarkable is that none of these tasks has even an element of dishonesty or underhand dealing and the boys are honourable in all that they do.

III. Answer one of the following in about 200 words. (1 × 6 = 6)

Question 23.
How does the play ‘Watchman of the Lake’ bring out both the protective and destructive faces of nature?
OR
‘Money is the root of all evils in the society.’ Examine this statement with reference to the poem ‘Money Madness’.
OR
Babar All’s school took shape out of an individual’s responsibility towards society. Elaborate.
Answer:
The play makes it very clear that nature is both protective and destructive and that we are at the mercy of nature. We see the same river Veda as the life-giver, life maintainer and life destroyer. The play shows ¡t as the whim and fancy of the Goddess, for whom River Veda is a plaything. But, what the author tries to show is that nature can impact us in different ways at different times and we are not in a position to understand why it acts as it does. But, what is important is that we should protect nature and not exploit it.
OR
The poem ‘Money Madness’ makes an attempt to tell the reader how our fear of the cruel power of money will lead finally to our self-destruction. The speaker argues that if we develop a fear for the cruel power of money, then It will result in making the whole mankind develop a collective madness. This collective money madness is a result of each individual’s presumption that if he or she does not earn enough money and get society’s approval that he or she is a person of worth, then he or she will be put to a great deal of humiliation. Then society will give the individual enough food to survive, but along with the food, society will also criticize the individual for not earning enough. It is this fear of being looked down upon by society that makes people crazy for money and this way collective madness sets in.

Once this collective madness sets in, then we start killing each other and we start humiliating those who do not have enough money even to give them food, fire and shelter which ought to be available to everyone free of cost irrespéctive of whether one has enough money or not.
OR
It is undoubtedly true that Babar Au’s school took shape out of an individual’s responsibility towards society. Babar All lived in the Bhapta neighbourhood of Gangapur village in West Bengal’s Murshidabad. The village was known for its backwardness and people of direst poverty lived there.

Consequently, though there were quite a good number of government schools in the village which offered free education to the children in the village, most of the parents being very poor could not afford to send their children to the government schools as they did not have enough money to buy books, school uniforms and other essential things. Instead of going to school, most of the boys in the village helped out their families by working as mechanics, day labourers, grass cutters, live stockholders, etc., and the girls worked as maidservants in the village.

However, Babar All, being the son of a jute seller, was financially better off than the others and hence went to school and got a formal education. Moreover, Babar Ali’s father Nasiruddin Sheikh, believed that education is man’s true religion and encouraged his son’s education. Babar Ah, who realized that he was one of the fortunate souls in the village, felt that he must do something for the other, less fortunate children in the village. He had a strong desire to bring about a transformation in the lives of the poor and the underprivileged children who were working as mechanics, day labourers, grass cutters, livestock herders, maidservants, etc. during the day instead of getting a formal education in a government school. Babar All wanted to change this. That is why he took the initiative of opening his very own school.

KSEEB Solutions

Babar Ali’s school, ‘Anand Siksha Niketan’, grew out of a game in which Babar All used to act as a teacher. Since his friends had never seen the inside of a school, they enjoyed playing students. His students ended up learning arithmetic and enjoying it. This idea of a school became a reality in 2002. The school which started with eight students initially, had student strength of 800, after nine years. Babar All’s little afternoon venture is now a registered and recognized school of the West Bengal state government. Thus, Babar All’s school took shape out of an individual’s responsibility towards society.

IV. Read the following passage and answer the questions set on it. (10 × 1 = 10)

Born on March 21, 1916, Bismillah Khan belonged to a family of professional Shehnai players. At the age of six, he moved to Banaras where his maternal uncle Ali Baksh introduced him to the nuances of playing the simple reed instrument, the Shehnai. For many years the temple of Balaji and banks of Ganga became the favourite haunt where Bismillah could practice for hours in solitude. The flowing waters of Ganga inspired him to improvise and invent ‘ragas’ which were earlier considered to be beyond the range of Shehnai.

His first reward came at the age of 14, as the best performer at the All India Music Conference in Allahabad in 1930. In 1947 he won three medals at the music conference in Calcutta. On the first Independence Day, 15th August 1947, he played at the invitation of the then PM Jawaharlal Nehru. Awards and recognitions came fast. He participated in the World Exposition in Montreal, Cannes Art Festival and Osaka Trade Fair. An auditorium was named after him in Tehran called Tahar Mausiquee Ustaad Bismillah Khan. The World Music Institute celebrated his 80th birthday in New York.

In spite of having travelled all over the world Khan Saab, as he is fondly called, was fond of Banaras and Dumraon. Once, one of his students wanted him to head a Shehnai school in the USA and recreate the atmosphere of Banaras there. But Ustaad asked him if he could take the Ganga there. Talking about Balaji temple he said, “I have tears in my eyes when I visit the place”. About Dumraon he said, “How can I forget the place of my birth?”. While in Mumbai, I think of only Varanasi and the holy Ganga. And in Varanasi I miss Dumraon. No wonder Khan Saab ever thought of migrating from Banaras unlike some stars like Pandit Ravi Shankar or Ustad Allaudin Khan.

Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence each:

Question 24.
How old was Bismillah Khan when he moved to Banaras?
Answer:
Bismillah Khan was six when he moved to Banaras.

Question 25.
______ introduced Bismillah Khan to the nuances of playing Shehnai.
Answer:
AM Baksh.

Question 26.
Where was the ‘All India Music Conference’ held?
Answer:
The ‘All India Music Conference’ was held in Allahabad.

Question 27.
What inspired Bismillah Khan to improvise and invent ragas?
Answer:
The flowing water of Ganga inspired Bismillah Khan to improvise and invent ragas.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 28.
______ played Shehnai for Free India from the ramparts of the Red Fort.
(a) Khan Saab
(b) Pandit Ravi Shankar
(c) Ustad Allaudin.
Answer:
(a) Khan Saab.

Question 29.
Where is the auditorium named after Bismillah Khan Saab situated?
Answer:
In Tehran.

Question 30.
Bismillah Khan’s birthplace is _______
Answer:
Dumraon.

Question 31.
Where was Khan Saab’s 80th birthday celebrated?
Answer:
At the World Music Institute in New York.

Question 32.
The Prime Minister offered a _______ (invite) to Khan Saab to play at the Red Fort.
Answer:
invitation.

Question 33.
Add a suitable prefix to the word ‘wanted’ to write its antonym (re, un, de).
Answer:
unwanted.

V. A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate articles and prepositions given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

(in, a, at, an, the)

Question 34.
The narrator slept all day and woke up _____ four _____ the evening. He did so to save _____ expense of drinking tea or eating the noon meal. He came out and entered ______ crowded restaurant.
Answer:
at, in, the, a.

B. Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of the verbs given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 35.
Captain Anthony was not considered a rich slaveholder. He ______ (own) only thirty slaves and two or three farms. His farms and slaves ______ (be) under the care of an overseer. Mr Plummer ______ (be) an overseer. He was always ______ (arm) with a cowskin and a cudgel.
Answer:
owned, were, was, armed.

C. Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject. (1 × 3 = 3)

Question 36.
Nicola and Jacopo struggle hard to save money. One night they ______ (are/is) sitting on the stone pavement. When the narrator _____ (speak/speaks) to them, he learns that they ____ (has/have) specific plans.
Answer:
are, speaks, have.

D. Correct the following sentences and rewrite them. (2 × 1 = 2)

Question 37.
Mara returned back from the jungle, one evening.
Answer:
Mara returned from the jungle, one evening.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 38.
Why did you bring this?
Answer:
Why did you bring this?

E. Rewrite as directed. (6 × 1 = 6)

Question 39.
Babar All’s students did not get ______ (bored/board).
(Fill in the blank with the appropriate word given in brackets)
Answer:
bored.

Question 40.
Mara stood in ______ (amaze)
(Fill in the blank with the right form of the word given in brackets)
Answer:
amazement.

Question 41.
a miserable / was / drunkard / Mr. Plummer.
(Rearrange the segments to form a meaningful sentence)
Answer:
Mr Plummer was a miserable drunkard.

Question 42.
Venice is a picturesque city, _______?
(Add a question tag)
Answer:
Venice is a picturesque city, isn’t it?

Question 43.
The narrator thanked the stranger.
(Change into a question beginning with the right form of ‘do’)
Answer:
Did the narrator thank the stranger?

Question 44.
Nicola and Jacopo were sitting under the arc lights.
(Frame a question so as to get the underlined words as the answer)
Answer:
Where were Nicola and Jacopo sitting?

VI. A. Read the weather report and answer the questions on it: (1 × 4 = 4)

1st PUC English Model Question Paper 2 with Answers 1

Note: Temperature in degree centigrade.

Question 45.
(a) Which city records the highest temperature in May?
(b) _______ has the minimum temperature in December.
(c) What is the minimum temperature of Dharwad in May?
(d) What is the maximum temperature of Mysuru in May?
Answer:
(a) Gulbarga records the highest temperature in May.
(b) Bengaluru.
(c) 35 degrees C.
(d) 36 degrees C.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 46.
Write a letter to the Bank Manager requesting to transfer your account from SBI, Chickmagaluru branch to SBI Hubballi Main Branch as you have been transferred to Hubballi. Your letter should have the following information: (1 × 5 = 5)

  • Type of account
  • Account Number.

Answer:

Vasudeva Rao
45/3, Koppikar Road
Hubballi.

14 September 2018

The Manager
SBI
Chikmagalur

Dear Sir,

Sub: Request for transfer of account

This is to request you to transfer my account from your Chikmagaluru Branch to Hubballi Branch as I have been transferred to Hubballi.
The details of my account are as follows:
Type of account: SB
Account Number: 1172000946239
I hope you will expedite the procedure as I have to make a few bank transactions immediately. Thank you.

Yours faithfully,
Vasudeva Rao.

VII. A. Match the expressions under column A with their corresponding language functions under B: (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 47.

A. Expressions B. Functions
1. Hello! Good morning. Expressing gratitude.
2. It’s very kind of you. Apologising.
3. Sorry, I won’t allow you inside. Introducing.
4. I’m really sorry for the mistake. Greeting.
5. Meet my friend Rashmi. Refusing permission.

Answer:
1 – Greeting
2 – Expressing gratitude
5 – Introducing
3 – Refusing permission
4 – Apologising

KSEEB Solutions

B. Complete the dialogue: (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 48.
Rekha: Hi, Adarsh. _______?
Adarsh: I’m fine. _____. How are you, Rekha?
Rekha: I’m fine too, thank you. We have a party at home today _______?
Adarsh: _______. I will definitely come.
Answer:
Rekha: Hi, Adarsh. How are you?
Adarsh: I’m fine. Thank you. How are you, Rekha?
Rekha: I’m fine too, thank you. We have a party at home today. Can you please come to my house?
Adarsh: Oh! Sure. I will definitely come.

C. Dialogue Writing: (1 × 3 = 3)

Question 49.
Salim goes to a hospital and enquires with the receptionist about an appointment with the ENT specialist. Write a dialogue between Salim and the receptionist.
Answer:
Salim: Good morning, excuse me. Can you please give me an appointment with the ENT specialist?
Receptionist: Good morning. Sorry, he is not available today. Can I give you an appointment for tomorrow?
Salim: That should be fine. Thank you.
Receptionist: You are most welcome, sir.

1st PUC English Previous Year Question Paper March 2019 (North)

   

Students can Download 1st PUC English Previous Year Question Paper March 2019 (North), Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Papers with Answers help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 1st PUC English Previous Year Question Paper March 2019 (North)

Time: 3 Hrs. 15 Mins.
Max. Marks: 100

Instructions

  • Follow the prescribed limit while answering the questions.
  • Write the correct question number as it appears on the question paper.
  • One mark questions attempted more than once will be awarded zero.
  • For multiple-choice questions choose the correct answer and rewrite it.

I. Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence each: (12 × 1 = 12)

Question 1.
What did the Lion wish to have in his kingdom in ‘The Gentlemen of the Jungle’?
Answer:
Peace and tranquillity.

Question 2.
Mention any one of the things that the schoolboy considers as ‘Sweet company.’
Answer:
birds song’distant huntsman’s horn/skylark song.

Question 3.
On which side did Mara not have any teeth in ‘Around A Medicinal Creeper’?
Answer:
On the right side of his mouth.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 4.
How did the people around the narrator look like in ‘Oru Manushyan’?
Answer:
Hungry wolves.

Question 5.
In the poem ‘Money Madness’ what should be free for everyone?
Answer:
Bread, shelter and fire.

Question 6.
Why is Babar Ali called a ‘fortunate soul’ in his village?
Answer:
Because he could go to school and got a formal education.

Question 7.
What becomes a bier for a sinless body in ‘If I was a Tree’?
Answer:
Tree/pieces of dry wood.

Question 8.
Why were the roads being repaired in Mara’s village in ‘Watchman of the Lake’?
Answer:
Because of the king’s arrival.

Question 9.
What was the ‘death blow’ given by the farmer to his wife in ‘The Farmer’s wife’?
Answer:
Farmer’s suicide.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 10.
Douglass’ mother was able to meet him only __________
(a) at daybreak
(b) in the night
(c) at noon.
Answer:
(b) in the night

Question 11.
Name the shrine mentioned in the poem ‘An Old Woman’.
Answer:
Horse Shoe shrine.

Question 12.
Why were the two children waiting for the last bus from Padua?
Answer:
To sell newspapers.

II. Answer any EIGHT of the following in a paragraph of 80-100 words each: (8 × 4 = 32)

Question 13.
Describe the circumstances that led to the appointment of the Commission of Enquiry.
Answer:
One day the elephant wanted protection from torrential rain. So he requested the man to allow 1m to push its trunk in the man’s hut. Th r inn agreed. The elephant pushed his trunk inside, and slowly pushed itself into the man’s hut and flung him out. The man started grumbling. Hearing the noise the animals stood around listening to the heated argument between the man and the elephant. The lion, the king of the forest wanted peace and tranquillity in his kingdom. So he ordered the elephant to appoint a Commission of Enquiry to look into the matter and report accordingly.

Question 14.
How is the child’s growth ‘nipped and stripped’ of its joy in the springing day in ‘The School Boy’?
Answer:
Formal education is the obstacle for free learning to the children. Children prefer nature – learning than formal schooling. The restrictions of formal schooling make children to detest their learning. Hence the poet questions when the buds are nipped and ‘blossoms have blown away’, and ‘tender plants are stripped’, how can a child get happiness in learning.

Question 15.
Narrate Mara’s story about the meat of the barking deer changing into a live wild buck.’
Answer:
Once Mara and his friend laid a trap and caught a barking deer, As they had to divide it equally between them, they took it near to the stream and divided the meat. They wrapped their portions in some leaves and brought them home. In Mara’s house, they got ready to cook. hut when Mara opened the packet to take out the meat. It was a surprise instead of the meat, there was a live wild buck When it saw Mara. He jumped up and ran out of his house. When Marn was trying to catch it. as usual. Mara’s wife ignorantly took the leaves and three of them into the fire. ‘[his incident shows that Indians do not think of what happened and why? But simply they go according to the situations and never turn the circumstances towards them. This is the big weakness of Indians.

Question 16.
Describe the people and the place where the narrator stayed in ‘Oru Manushyan’.
Answer:
The incident took place in quite a big city in the valley of a mountain, some thousand five hundred miles away from the narrator’s home. The inhabitants of the city had never been known for the quality of mercy. People there were cruel and murder. robbery and pickpocketing were their daily habits. Traditionally, they were professional soldiers. Some of them lent out money on interest, some were watchmen in banks, mills and in industries. They would do anything Íbr money, even commit murder.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 17.
How do people treat an individual who has no money in ‘Money Madness’?
Answer:
The poem focusses on how man gives importance to money. When the moneyless man is treated as poor and powerless, he definitely fears to lose the money. Obviously, he gives much importance to money. Each and every man goes behind money and breaks all relationships. In future, there may not be any sentiments between people. So, when all the people try to make money, certainly lack of money triggers the fear in an individual. So every individual tries to acquire it by some means or the other.

Question 18.
What was Babar Ali’s daily routine?
Answer:
Babar wakes up at 7 am. He starts his day by doing some household chores and takes an autorickshaw and later walks 5 km to Cossimbazar Raj a Govinda Sundari Vidyapeeth where he is an ideal class XII student. In the afternoon he is a headmaster of a school of 800 students.

Question 19.
How do the life forces ‘sunlight and the cool breeze’ enforce nature’s idea of equality in ‘If I was a Tree’?
Answer:
In nature, the life-giving forces like sunlight and air do not discriminate against anybody. The sunlight bathes everybody and everything with its glow without exception. It embraces everything with equal love and never feels defiled by the shadow of an untouchable. The cool breeze embraces everybody with its sweet touch. Its friendship is extended to one and all. It blows lovingly on the leaves of trees spreading its sweetness and the leaves reciprocate with their dance. In nature, there is only love and equality among all.

Question 20.
Why did Mara meet the king for the first time in ‘Watchman of the Lake’?
Answer:
The Goddess of the river asked Mara to inform the king to build a tank for the river Veda. The king would listen. The river Veda was a sacred place when Hanuman was carrying the Sanjeevini mountain a small piece fell down and from the same spot, a river arose which was the lifeblood of the people of the villagers. The Goddess told Mara to ask the king, not to let the river Veda to leave that village and to give her a home.

Question 21.
How does the farmer’s wife resolve to live in ‘The Farmer’s Wife?’
Answer:
The farmer’s wife laments the death of her husband. She is angry because her husband has left her with four children. She is worried about their future. She was born with a bent head. She had endured a lot of sufferings. Fie had kicked her when he was drunk. She had suffered all this thinking he was a man. But he had committed suicide. She decides to teach her children to face life and survive against all odds. To embrace life, not death, she decides to struggle for life.

Question 22.
How did the two boys help the narrator during his stay at Verona?
Answer:
The boys were very useful for the narrator. When the narrator wanted a pack of American cigarettes or seats for the opera, or the name of a good restaurant, they were always there in all these needs with cheerful competence. They had also taken the author on a guided tour to the different places of interest at Verona including Juliet’s tomb.

III. Answer one of the following in about 200 words: (1 × 6 = 6)

Question 23.
In ‘Do not ask of Me, My Love’, the speaker’s statement ‘You are beautiful still, but I am helpless too.’ signifies a major change in the priorities of the speaker. Elaborate.
Answer:
Babar AIis school was started at the age of nine while playing a game. Very soon children began to lose his way of teaching and flocked to his school’. Babar did not charge a single pie for his teaching. He also got the help of the local educated people. who came and taught the children. Babar was successful in getting the help of nine high school student volunteers. The oldest of them is Debarita who goes to college in Behrampur. Babar himself studies in class Xl! in a school quite for from his house. Ile commutes the long-distance, attends classes in the mornings and comes back in the afternoons to his school to teach youngsters who have worked hard in the mornings and are now ready for learning. The fact is that his school is entirely free, he and his stall teach well, there is a midday meal and his school is recognized by the West Bengal government attracts many students to his school.

The increasing strength of his school just shows how eager people are to get their children educated and how good, selfless work gets noticed by people soon. Those who cannot afford education in regular schools, do not mind sending their children to learn from teachers like Bahar. This only proves that Indians are realizing the significance of education in life. The initiation was a definite success. Babar Ali’s intention when he started the institution was to help the less fortunate people by proceeding free education. Today more and more underprivileged people have utilized this opportunity of his and are coming up in society. Moreover, we can clearly see that Babar Ali’s action has inspired millions of people around the world. If more people take part to change the world for the better, there is the greater success than he could have wished for Babar Ali became the change he wanted to see. If a young boy from a village had the will and determination to change the world there. it is not right from our part to remain as silent spectators hut to participate actively towards change.
OR
Describe the suffering of the Slaves in the hands of whites in ‘Frederick Douglass’.
Answer:
The passage reflects the brutal hidden faces of the masters who treat the slaves cruelly. The slaves were not given proper food. They were exploited by their freedom. Especially for women, it is double exploitation in the name of patriarchy and in the name of slavery. When the girls at the teenage seem to be beautiful for their masters, they use them sexually and if they give the birth to children, the children were sold at the age of infants to avoid their sentimental relationship. The passage also explains the heart-rendering description of walking at night of mothers to see their children for several miles. Moreover, they have to talk only a little bit because the son would be tired of work and goes to sleep but in the morning they have to go for work before sunrise. if they failed, they get punishment of whipping. This shows the brutal nature of white masters to their slaves.
OR
How does the play ‘Watchman of the Lake’ bring out both the protective and destructive forces of nature?
Answer:
Basically nature is goodness personified. It showers its blessings on people in abundance. People must respect what nature provides them and reciprocate by not destroying nature. When people take care of nature and the environment, it protects them. Rivers, trees, hills are all part of nature and they are all for the benefit of mankind. When a man cuts down the trees, blasts the hills etc., nature’s imbalance causes floods, landslides and other calamities. Water flows in a river, and if used wisely serves for drinking, irrigation and other uses, in the dry season there may not be enough water, so excess water coming in torrents during monsoon should be stored by constructing tanks for the waters of the rivers. When the rivers are over polluted, it results in overflow and floods causing loss of livers, lands and properties. Nature that way is both productive and destructive.

IV. Read the following passage and answer the questions set on it: (10 × 1 = 10)

Max Muller was a distinguished German Poet. Some of his poems were set to music by Australian composer, Franz (Peter) Schubert. As a youth, Muller took to the study of the Sanskrit language with great devotion and started learning the language. He took his Doctorate in Philosophy in 1843. He did research work on Sanskrit and Philosophy under eminent scholars in Berlin University.

KSEEB Solutions

In 1846, Muller went to London to copy and collect manuscripts in Sanskrit. He translated Rig Veda which consists of 1,028 hymns, addressed to different gods. As it was being printed in a London University Press, he migrated to Oxford in 1848 and lived there for the rest of his life.

The first volume of Muller’s edition appeared in 1849, the sixth and last volume in 1874. This printed Rig Veda caused great enthusiasm in India. Several publications on Indian Religion and literature appeared in quick succession. Max Muller became the greatest interpreter of India to the Western World. His book ‘India – What it can teach us’ has a special place among his publications. But, Max Muller never visited India.

Question 24.
The famous music composer who set the music to Mueller’s poems was _________
Answer:
Franz (Peter) Schubert.

Question 25.
Where did Mueller get his Doctorate in Philosophy?
Answer:
1843.

Question 26.
Name the university where Mueller did research work.
Answer:
Berlin University.

Question 27.
Why did Mueller go to London?
Answer:
To copy and collect manuscripts in Sanskrit.

Question 28.
Who translated the verses of Rig Veda into English?
Answer:
Max Mueller.

Question 29.
Mueller migrated to Oxford in _______
(a) 1846
(b) 1848
(c) 1849
Answer:
(b) 1848

Question 30.
When did the sixth volume of Mueller’s edition appear?
Answer:
1874.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 31.
Name the book of Muller on India mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
India – What It Can Teach Us.

Question 32.
Add a prefix from the brackets to the word ‘appear’ to form its antonym (un, dis, re).
Answer:
Disappear.

Question 33.
Max Muller’s ______ (interpret) of India is very popular in the Western World.
(Fill in the blank with the appropriate form of the word given in the bracket)
Answer:
Interpretation.

V. A. Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles and prepositions given in brackets: [the, a, in, of, from] (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 34.
Verona is _________ lovely city, rich _______ history, with quiet medieval streets and splendid buildings ________ an exquisite pale honey colour. Romeo and Juliet are reputed to have lived there. Bombed in _______ recent war, it has lost its bridges but not its gaiety or charm.
Answer:
a, in, of, the.

B. Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of the verbs given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 35.
The lion was the king of the jungle. He _______ (want) to have peace in his kingdom. So he _______ (appoint) a commission of enquiry. Mr. Fox ______ (be) the chairman. On seeing the members, the man _______ (demand) to include one form his side.
Answer:
wanted, appointed, was, demanded.

C. Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject: (3 × 1 = 3)

Question 36.
The Goddess ______ (has/have) come in Mara’s dream. She says Veda _______ (are/is) her play thing. She ______ (wants / want) the king to construct a tank to Veda.
Answer:
has, is, wants.

D. Correct the following sentences and re-write them: (2 × 1 = 2)

Question 37.
My friend is an honest man.
Answer:
My friend is an honest man.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 38.
He goes for college.
Answer:
He goes to college.

E. Re-write as directed: (6 × 1 = 6)

Question 39.
Bhima can swing an elephant by its ______ (tale/tail)
[Fill in the black with the appropriate word given in bracket]
Answer:
tail.

Question 40.
The people of the city were _______ (profession) soldiers.
(Complete the sentence with the right form of the word given in brackets)
Answer:
Professional

Question 41.
was steady/Nicola’s smile/and engaging.
(Rearrange the segments to form a meaningful sentence)
Answer:
Nicola’s smile was steady and engaging.

Question 42.
Babar Ali teaches his students under the open sky, ______?
(Add a question tag)
Answer:
Doesn’t he?

Question 43.
Mara went to the edge of the lake.
(Change into a question beginning with the right form of “Do”)
Answer:
Did Mara go to the edge of the lake?

Question 44.
The boys help their families by working as mechanics.
(Frame a question so as to get the underlined word as answer)
Answer:
How did the boys help their families?

VI. A. Refer to the following Advertisement and answer the questions set on it: (1 × 4 = 4)

Air Asia
www.airasia.com
up to 50% off
Fly from Jaipur to Bangkok
Booking till 5th March 2019
Travel till 21st December 2019

Question 45.
(i) What is the website of Air Asia?
(ii) When are the bookings to Bangkok closed?
(iii) Where does the flight to Bangkok leave from?
(iv) What is the maximum discount available for the flight?
Answer:
(i) www.airasia.com
(ii) 5th March 2019
(iii) Jaipur
(iv) 50% off.

KSEEB Solutions

B.
Question 46.
Write a letter to the commissioner, City Corporation, Shimoga complaining about the irregular water supply in your area. Your letter should also include the following points:

  • Irregular water supply
  • the areas affected
  • Inconvenience caused to the general public.

Answer:
Rashmi
Sri Vani Vilas College
Shimoga

5th February 2019
The Commissioner
City Corporation
Shimoga

Dear Sir/Madam,
Sub: Irregular water supply in our area.

I am residing at Shimoga. There are 700 families living in this area. We are suffering terribly due to irregular water supply which is one of our basic needs. The areas affected are Hubli and Srinagar, Pashupathinagar Shimoga. We have to rely on private water supply. So, I request you to kindly take necessary remedial measures as quickly as possible to help us.

Thank you
Yours faithfully
Sd/-
(Rashmi)

VII. (A)
Question 47.
Match the expressions under column ‘A’ to its corresponding language Function under column ‘B’. (5 × 1 = 5)

A. Expressions B. Functions
1. I am extremely sorry for the trouble (a) Leavetaking
2. Thank you very much (b) Apologizing
3. Go straight, turn left (c) Introducing
4. Lata, this is my friend Shashi (d) Giving direction
5. OK, bye (e) Expressing gratitude

Answer:
(1) – b, (2) – e, (3) – d, (4) – c, (5) – a.

B.
Question 48.
Complete the dialogue. (1 × 4 = 4)
Radha: Good Morning, Sheela.
Sheela: ______. How are you?
Radha: ________, thank you.
Sheela: ______?
Radha: I am going to the market.
Sheela: OK _________
Answer:
Radha: Good Morning, Sheela.
Sheela: Good Morning. How are you?
Radha: Fine, thank you.
Sheela: Where are you going to?
Radha: I am going to the market.
Sheela: OK Bye.

KSEEB Solutions

C.
Question 49.
Dialogue writing: (1 × 3 = 3)
A student goes to a public library. He speaks to the librarian about the timings. Write a dialogue between them.
Answer:
Student: Good Morning Sir.
Librarian: Good Morning.
Student: Could you tell me the working hours of the library?
Librarian: Yes, certainly. It is from 10 am to 5 pm.
Student: Thank you, Sir.

1st PUC English Model Question Paper 1 with Answers

   

Students can Download 1st PUC English Model Question Paper 1 with Answers, Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Papers with Answers help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Paper 1 with Answers

Time: 3 Hrs. 15 Mins.
Max. Marks: 100

Instructions

  • Follow the prescribed limit while answering the questions.
  • Write the correct question number as it appears on the question paper.
  • One mark questions attempted more than once will be awarded zero.
  • For multiple-choice questions choose the correct answer and rewrite it.

I. Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence each. (12 × 1 = 12)

Question 1.
What was the elephant’s request to the man in ‘The Gentlemen of the Jungle’?
Answer:
The elephant asked the man if the man would let the elephant put his trunk inside the hut of the man in order to protect the trunk from the torrential rain.

Question 2.
Mention one of the sweet companies for the schoolboy.
Answer:
The Skylark.

Question 3.
Why did Mara once lay a trap in the forest in ‘Around a Medicinal Creeper’?
Answer:
In Around the Medicinal Creeper, Mara laid a trap in the forest to catch rabbits.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 4.
How much did the narrator have in his wallet when he went to the restaurant in ‘Oru Manushyan’?
Answer:
14 Rupees.

Question 5.
Mention one of the things that should be provided for free to everyone, according to the speaker of ‘Money Madness’.
Answer:
Bread, shelter and fire. By this D.H. Lawrence means the basic necessities of life without which man cannot survive.

Question 6.
What is man’s true religion, according to Babar Ali’s father?
Answer:
Education, according to Babar’s father, is man’s true religion.

Question 7.
The speaker of the poem ‘If I Was a Tree’ wants to be a tree because
(a) trees are not useful to people
(b) trees are not treated as objects of defilement
(c) trees live longer than human beings.
Answer:
(b) trees are not treated as objects of defilement

Question 8.
What was the command of the Goddess to Mara in ‘Watchman of the Lake’?
Answer:
The Goddess instructed Mara to build a tank for Veda so that Veda found a home.

Question 9.
When was Frederick Douglass separated from his mother?
Answer:
When he was an infant.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 10.
What does the old woman demand from the pilgrims to show ‘the horseshoe shrine’?
Answer:
A fifty paise coin.

Question 11.
Why were Nicola and Jacopo saving money ignoring their comfort?
Answer:
Ignoring their comfort, Nikola and copo were saving money to make weekly payments to the hospital where their sister was recuperating from a serious illness.

Question 12.
In ‘Do not ask of Me, My Love’, ‘sorrows’ in the line ‘there are other sorrows in the world than love’ refers to miseries
(a) generated by love
(b) caused by charity
(c) caused by poverty and deprivation.
Answer:
(c) caused by poverty and deprivation.

II. Answer any eight of the following in a paragraph of 80-100 words each. (8 × 4 = 32)

Question 13.
How did the elephant cheat the man and occupy his hut?
Answer:
Once upon a time, an elephant made friendship with a man, who had a little hut at the edge of the forest. One day a heavy thunderstorm broke out and the elephant felt like taking shelter in a hut. The elephant went to the man’s hut and requested him to let him put its trunk inside the hut so as to shelter ¡t from the torrential rain. The man took pity on the elephant and told the elephant to gently put only its trunk inside the hut. But, the elephant, soon after putting its trunk inside the hut, slowly pushed its head also inside, flung the man out in the rain and then lay down comfortably inside his hut.

Question 14.
Write briefly the speaker’s experience in the school, in ‘The School Boy’.
Answer:
In the poem, ‘The School Boy’ Blake makes a plea on behalf of little children who hate the experience of going to school because of the prevalent authoritarian ways of school authorities.

In the poem, we see that it is a matter of utmost disappointment for the schoolboy to attend school on a sweet summer morning when actually he wishes to enjoy the mirth of summer. He is tired and even puzzled under the strict supervision of his teacher. The phrase ‘cruel eye outworn’ refers to the authoritarian eyes of the teacher that actually tire the boy. Instead of enjoying the pleasures of summer, the child has to compulsorily attend the school where he spends his day in boredom and dismay.

Naturally, in such a set-up, the child experiences weariness. He sits drooping out in the sea of tediousness. The child resents the assault on him by the oppressive personality of the teacher and the unnecessary words of erudition the teacher gushes out without attempting to understand either the child’s intention àr his urge for unchecked freedom. The learning’s bower refers to a garden where the child can be taught in an interesting way, only if nature accompanies him instead of the school teacher.

A bird which is born cheerful and jovial can never sing 5weet songs if caged. Similarly, a child, if restrained under the umbrella of annoying fear, tension and the scepticism of his teacher, can never enjoy the natural instincts of joy and playfulness. A world full of rigid course of discipline will ruthlessly take away the beautiful spring — the childhood days — of a person’s life.

KSEEB Solutions

Thus, though the tone of the poem is not highly critical, Blake does make his point clear— don’t kill the joy of learning.

Question 15.
What story did Mara narrate about losing the teeth on the right side of his mouth?
Answer:
Mara’s stories were not limited to the miraculous medicinal creeper. Mara explained the loss of the teeth on one side of his face with another totally cock-and-bull story. He told the author that he had lost his teeth when he had gone hunting rabbits to the forest before daybreak. According to him, when he brushed his teeth with a small stick of a plant, he lost the teeth which had been touched by the stick. The teeth were all from one side because on finding the taste of the plant to be sour, he had thrown the stick away and had gargled his mouth with the water of a nearby stream.

Question 16.
How did a stranger save the day for the narrator in ‘Oru Manushyan’?
Answer:
When the narrator is at the point of removing his trousers though he has nothing inside, a blue-eyed; fair-complexioned six-footer, with a red turban and white trousers, intervenes and offer to pay the amount due from the narrator to the restaurant owner. He asks the speaker to go with him and when the grateful speaker asks for his name, he says he has no name. When the speaker says ‘Mercy’ must be his name, he does not react and walks on until they reach a deserted bridge.

There, after making sure that no one is around, the stranger takes out five wallets and asks the speaker which of these ¡s his. He warns the speaker to go away without turning around and adds that the speaker should not admit to anyone that he has seen the man. He gives the wallet, which has been identified by the speaker, with the money intact and leaves the place wishing the speaker that he be helped by God. The speaker, on his part, hopes that God would help the stranger.

Thus we see that the pickpocket helps the narrator not only at the restaurant but also outside by returning the purse. This is how the act of kindness gains insignificance. First of all the pickpocket is good enough to help the man who faces humiliation as he has lost his purse; secondly, he is kind enough to return the purse; thirdly, the eleven annas that he pays is not the narrator’s money, but his own.

Question 17.
How did ‘Anand Siksha Niketan’ come into existence?
Answer:
It is amusing to know that the school began as a game. When Babar All was nine, he used to play ‘school-school’ game with his friends and used to act as their teacher. The other children, unlike All, had not seen the inside of the school and hence we’re excited to play the game with him. But, soon, the game turned into real teaching as children were happy to learn arithmetic. ‘Anand Siksha Niketan’ got established with eight students on roll. In the course of nine years, the school grew step by step, and from eight, the number increased to 220 students ón roll and 800 students in all.

The school started receiving both private and government assistance and had 10 volunteer teenage teachers teaching grade 1 to grade 8. It also had 60 regular attendees. The children of the village who worked as maids to cook, clean, wash clothes and dishes for their employees or as mechanics, day labourers, grass cutters and livestock herders came voluntarily to All’s school in the afternoon after finishing their chores.

What is heartening is the fact that All’s good work was rewarded as he received help from Babar’s teachers, lAS officers, and Ramakrishna Ashram monks. What is even more gratifying is the fact that the school was recognised by the West Bençal State Government and hence students from Baba’s school were eligible to pursue their studies in other schools if the need arose. The recognition gave Babar the singular privilege of being the youngest headmaster at the age of 16.

Thus, what started as a game resulted in a much sought after school for the underprivileged and inspired other selfless youngsters like Debarita Bhattacharya, a college student, to work as volunteers in helping the have nots.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 18.
How does the poem ‘If I was a Tree’ express the pain and plight of a particular community?
Answer:
The poem, ‘If I was a Tree’ presents a satirical account of the cruel and inhumane practise of caste discrimination practised in Indian society. The poem presents the impersonal and large-hearted treatment of nature vis-a-vis the pettiness of man. The speaker speaks in the persona of an untouchable and presents some instances of untouchability that he/she is subjected to. He uses the tree as a metaphor for representing the plant world and highlights how agents of nature like the sunlight, the cool breeze and the raindrops would have treated an untouchable if he were not a tree when they come in contact with him.

The speaker says that if only he was not a tree his shadow would feel defiled when the sunlight embraced him; his friendship with the cool breeze and the leaves would not be sweet; the raindrops, taking him as an untouchable, would refuse to give him water to quench his thirst and the mother earth would flee him asking for a bath if she came to know that he was branching out further from his roots. Similarly, taking the bird as a representative of the animal world, the speaker says that if he were not a tree the bird would have asked him what caste he was if he wanted to build its nest on the tree. Similarly, if he were not a tree the sacred cow would not scrape her body on him scratching whenever it itched her and incidentally all the three hundred thousand gods sheltering inside her would not have touched him.

The speaker concludes optimistically, hoping that, because he is a tree at least, after Its death the tree would be hacked into pieces of dry wood, and would be either used as fuel for the holy fire or a bier for a dead body. The pieces of wood, when they burn as fuel in the holy fire, would make him pure and if not, as a bier fora sinless body he would be borne on the shoulders of four good men. Thus the poem expresses the anguish and desperation of the untouchables.

Question 19.
What instructions did Mara give his son, Ganga, about the duties of the watchman of the lake?
Answer:
Mara reminded his son that he had to be the watchman of the lake after his death. Mara also shared with his son what the Goddess had Instructed Mara to do. She had commanded that nothing that flew, swam or walked those parts, where the lake existed, be killed as the place was scared.

So Mara told his son that no killers should be allowed there, whether they came with arrows for the gulls which skimmed over the water or with the rod for the fish. These instructions are given by Mara to his son, first of all, show that Mara was obedient to the Goddess. Secondly, it shows that he was a great lover of nature. Thirdly, it shows his sense of responsibility. He wanted the lake and the bank to be taken care of in an exemplary way. At the same time, he was authoritative too. He did not allow anyone to exploit the bank. Yet, he did not deny anyone the just use of the water of the bank. Thus, we see that Mara was a noble watchman of the lake.

Question 20.
How does the poem ‘The Farmer’s Wife’ bring out the misery of the farmer’s wife?
Answer:
The poem ‘The Farmer’s Wife’ by the Volga begins with the lamentation of the farmer’s wife, who laments over the death of her husband. However, in her lamentation, it is clear that more than mourning over the death of her husband, she expresses her grief over the hopelessness of the situation.

Her husband has committed suicide because he was unable to face the creditors. However, his act is not considered an irresponsible act. In fact, people may even think of his act as the virtuous act of a self-respecting man who did not want to bend his head and stretch his arm. But the woman points out that, by committing suicide he has left the woman behind, to bend her head and stretch her hand as she has to continue to live at least for the sake of her four children. The woman ironically adds that bending the head and stretching the arm pose no problem to her as she has always done that.

She has always done that as women are always pushed to the low level. But she cannot understand how her husband, who had always asserted his right over her, simply by virtue of being a man, could drink poison and get released from the worldly bonds in a cowardly way. The woman, in her questioning of his act, implies that his Irresponsible act has poisoned her very existence. She suggests that when living was worse than death, embracing death was a selfish and even cruel act on the part of the man as he had no thought for the family that he left behind. The woman is shocked that the man, who could kick and bully her with the claim of superiority over her, could give her the final death blow by committing suicide.

At this point, the woman compares the hardship she suffered in the family over the years and the problem of the cotton crop being destroyed that year. She points out that the pain she had undergone was for a longer period of time, but she had withstood it. The problem of the cotton crop, as she says, ‘Is but yesterday’s.’ The juxtaposition of the two problems is done to show that men buckle under pressure more easily than women. Men are self-centred too and when they take recourse to escapism, they don’t give any thought to what would happen to their family. They are not worried over the future of their children either. Hence It becomes a double jeopardy for the woman.

On the one hand, she has to come to terms with the death of her husband, on the other she has to worry over the future of her children. Here also the poet draws an analogy between the natural crop and the children. The woman points out that when the crop failed, her husband committed suicide; if she were to do the same thing, her children wouldn’t have a bright future. She adds that she is not prepared to allow the harvest of her womb to perish. She cannot leave her children helpless like the worm-eaten cotton pods in the wind. The woman rightly points out that meeting one’s end is over in a moment. It’s not a long struggle. But the struggle in life, for life to sustain and continue, is a long struggle, full of perils.

For this, one needs a brave heart. Only the one with a firm heart will analyse the difficult situation with questions like, ‘What of this?’ or ‘Why is this?’ When a person asks, ‘What of this?’, he probably wonders about what would be the final outcome of all the struggle. When he asks, ‘Why is this?’, he definitely has a sense of self-pity. Yet he should never lose his reasoning ability and the determination to fight his misfortune. Otherwise, his children would become orphans.

KSEEB Solutions

That is why the farmer’s wife asserts that she would continue to live to teach her children how to live. She wants to Instil in her children the fighting spirit which her husband lacked. That is why she says that she would continue to be alive to teach her children to fight with a clenched fist for not only the basic need of food but also more important things, attaining which might be nothing less than a battle. For this, she pledges to embrace life and not death, though life would present a long and painful struggle. Thus the poem is a tribute paid to the dauntless spirit of the woman and a plea to the weak-hearted not to lose hope.

Question 21.
Narrate the experience of the speaker in ‘An Old Woman’.
Answer:
In ‘An Old Woman’ the narrator presents a very common incident most tourists experience when they visit a historical shrine. Such tourist places are usually crowded out by beggars, vendors and tourist guides pestering tourists to give them alms or buy toys and trinkets or to hire them as guides respectively. The first four stanzas portray the old woman as ‘a burr’. The first stanza describes the narrator’s reaction. The sixth and seventh stanzas describe the narrator’s reaction and also signal a change in his attitude as well as his perspective towards old women.

The poem is a recollection of the narrator’s experience when he visited a historical place on the barren hills of Jejuri town, which houses the famous legendary ‘Horseshoe’ shrine for Khandoba, the presiding deity at Jejuri.

The poet presents his experience dramatically helping the reader visualize it instantly. As soon as he had landed in the place, an old beggar woman grabbed hold of his sleeve and hobbled along with him, pestering him to give her a fifty paise coin in return for which she would guide him to the horseshoe shrine. Though he told her that he had already seen It, she persisted and did not let him go. At that moment, the poet’s previous experience of dealing with old women coupled with that incident makes the narrator express his annoyance and scorn for such old women saying that they are like ‘a burr’ which cannot be brushed off easily.

The narrator, then turned around to face her and send her away with a decisive look. Immediately, the old woman expressed her predicament stating that there was nothing else to do on those wretched hills except begging. Her statement shocked the narrator slightly. The old woman’s words triggered the moment of transformation in him. This made him look at her eyes sunk deep inside her face like two bullet holes and look right at the sky clearly through them. Her skin is wrinkled and cracks begin to appear around her eyes and spread beyond her skin. He feels that everything is falling apart.

Everything is cracked and in ruins. The cracks spread beyond her skin to the hills and the sky. There is a catastrophe. The hills crack, the temples crack and the sky falls and shatters like a sheet of glass except for the “shatterproof crone who stands alone”. At this moment the poet realizes his own value. He has been reduced to a fifty paise coin in the hands of poverty, It is at this moment that the poet’s scorn for the old woman changes to respect.

Question 22.
What did the narrator learn about Lucia from the nurse in ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’?
Answer:
On Sunday afternoon, the narrator brought the two boys ¡n his car to a large red-roofed villa in a tiny village set upon the hillside. After the boys had disappeared beyond the corner of a stone wall, the narrator followed them closely and reached a grilled side-entrance. When he rang the bell, the door was opened by a trained nurse. When she learnt that the narrator had brought the two boys there, she let him in and took him to a ward upstairs, and showed him the two boys seated at the bedside of a girl, aged about twenty.

Later, when the narrator begged her to tell him all she knew about the two boys, she told him that the girl was Lucia, and the boys had no one else in the world except for that sister. The boys had lost their father in the war. Shortly afterwards, a bomb had destroyed their home and thrown the three children into the sheets. For months, they had barely kept themselves alive in a sort of shelter they had built with their own hands amidst the rubble. During this time they suffered horribly from near-starvation and exposure to the cold Veronese winter.

Consequently, their sister contracted tuberculosis of the spine. The two boys admitted their sister In that hospital and worked hard, earned enough money and paid for her treatment regularly.

III. Answer one of the following in about 200 words. (1 × 6 = 6)

Question 23.
How does the fear of money affect the individual as well as the multitudes of a money-mad society in ‘Money Madness’?
OR
“The story of Nicola and Jacopo in ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’ redefines the qualities of a gentleman”. Substantiate.
OR
The details given by Frederick Douglass about the life of slaves depict the painful and harsh experiences of the slaves. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
According to the poet, ‘money madness’ is directly related to the attitude of mankind towards those who do not have money. Mankind measures the worth of a man in society by the amount of money a man has. Mankind treats those who do not have money with a lot of contempt and humiliates them. No doubt, mankind gives such people bread to eat, but along with bread, such people will also have to suffer a lot of humiliation and cruelty. This attitude of mankind towards those who do not have money gives ‘money’ cruel power which terrorizes people. It is this terrorizing fear of getting humiliated by the society that makes people mad about money. Naturally, every individual craves to possess some money. That is why the poet describes ‘money madness’ as our ‘vast collective madness’.

OR

This short story by A.J. Cronin presents before us the story of two Veronese adolescents Nicola, aged about thirteen, and Jacopo, aged about twelve. The title ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’ has been used by the author only to redefine the meaning of the word ‘gentlemen’ and to express his admiration for two Veronese young men who are waging a relentless and epic battle to save their elder sister Lucia, aged about twenty years. She is their only relative left in their world.

Lucia is suffering from tuberculosis of the spine. She has no one el to take care of her except her two younger brothers — Nicola and Jacopo. She would have undoubtedly succumbed to her fatal disease if her two young brothers had not admitted her in a hospital and given her timely medical attention and care. Since the treatment she got in the hospital was quite expensive, and they had to make payments every week, the two young men had to work day and night to earn enough money to meet the expenses.

KSEEB Solutions

The brothers shined shoes, sold fruits, hawked newspapers, conducted tourists round the town, ran errands, and worked hard day and night relentlessly to earn enough money for making weekly payments to the hospital. Though the two boys, this way earned quite a lot of money, they lived a selfless and Spartan life so as to save enough for their sister’s treatment. They did not spend anything for themselves either on their food or on clothes. Thus, they saved a great deal, made regular payments to the hospital without complaining and helped their sister recuperate from her illness.

The word ‘gentlemen’, during Shakespeare’s time, meant ‘a man of wealth and social position, especially one who does not work for a living’. But in the context of this lesson ‘gentleman’ means a man who is polite and shows consideration for the feelings of other people. It is true that “True gentlemen are made of character, not by their appearance”. It is in this sense that the author calls Nicola and Jacopo ‘gentlemen’ of Verona. Hence, we can say that the story of Nicola and Jacopo in ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’, redefines the qualities of a gentleman.

OR

Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey was an American slave, born in Talbot County, Maryland. He escaped slavery and went to New York, where he changed his name to Frederick Douglass and worked for the emancipation of slaves until his death. This lesson is an excerpt from his autobiography and presents a graphic account of the cruel and inhuman suffering of the slaves. The slaves lived a very painful and miserable life in the custody of their slave masters. No slave had any accurate knowledge of his age because their slave masters never maintained an authentic record of the dates of birth of the slaves in their custody because they wanted to keep the slaves ignorant about their age. Consequently, the slaves were able to only recall a day nearer a season of the year like planting-time, harvest-time, cherry-time, spring-time or fall-time.

Frederick narrates the circumstances of his birth and a few details about his parentage. Frederick was a mulatto child born to a white father and a black mother. His mother was a slave and his father was his master. As was the common custom in those days, Frederick, the infant, was separated from his mother even when he was an infant, not even twelve months old and was placed under the care of an old woman, too old for field labour. In such instances, the mother was taken away from the child
and hired out on some farm a considerable di5tance off.

Frederick says that he does not remember to have seen his mother not more than five times in his life and each of these times was very short in duration and at night. His mother was hired by Mr. Stewart, who lived about twelve miles from his home. She used to go to Frederick’s house in the night travelling on foot, lie down with her child, get him to sleep and would go back to her master’s house before dawn. His mother died when he was about seven years old. Frederick was not allowed to be present during her illness and at her death or burial.

Frederick narrates another cruel and barbarous practice. The slaveholders had made a rule that the children of slave women irrespective of whether they were born to white or black fathers, should in all cases follow the condition of their mothers. This gave the slaveholders opportunities to not merely gratify their lustful desires but also make a profit out of it.

Frederick says that mulatto children, despite being born to white fathers, suffered greater hardships than black slave children born to black parents, because mulatto children were a constant source of offence and displeasure to their white mistresses. It was common for the wives of white masters to find fault with mulatto children. They would be normally happy to see mulatto children lashed especially when they suspected that their husbands were showing special favours to his mulatto children. This being the fact, many white masters used to sell their mulatto slaves only out of sympathy for them so that they would be spared the trouble of whipping their own children or stand by and watch one white son tie up his brother and lash him with a whip.

Frederick narrates an incident which highlights how inhumane and cruel slave masters were. Frederick Douglass had two masters — Captain Anthony and his overseer Mr. Plummer whom he describes as a miserable drunkard, a profane swearer and a savage monster. He used to take sadistic pleasure in whipping a slave Frederick recalls how, once he saw his own aunt, a slave tied to a joist being whipped on her naked back till she was literally covered with blood. Thus, Frederick Douglass’ autobiography depicts the painful and harsh experiences of the slaves.

IV. Read the following passage and answer the questions set on it. (10 × 1 = 10)

It began on the fateful December day that Rosa Parks left her job at the Fair Department store in Montgomery, Alabama. The square on that day was festooned with red and green Christmas lights and there was a big banner over one of the stores, saying “Peace on Earth, Goodwill to Men”.

Rosa Parks paid no attention to the lights or the banner. She had been working since early morning and she was very tired. There was a little pain across her neck and shoulders and her feet ached.

KSEEB Solutions

It was Thursday, December 1, 1955. The Black Revolution was about to begin.
In Montgomery, as in most southern cities, most of the bus passengers were Black. Despite this fact, the first four seats on all buses were reserved for white people and could not be used under any circumstance by Blacks. Behind these four seats was a middle section of two or three seats that “if the front section filled up and one White person came to sit in the middle section, all Blacks in the middle section had to get up and stand in the back”.

There was no need for Rosa Parks to rehearse all this. She was not looking for trouble. What she wanted was a comfortable seat. Anybody with a keen eye would have seen that this was not the day, nor the hour to give this mild-mannered woman a hard time.

As she approached the first bus, she noticed that it was crowded and she let it to go by for she wanted a seat; she wanted to be comfortable. Later when she got into the second bus the Negro section was full and she sank into a seat in the middle section. At the next stop, several Whites got in and one of them was left standing.

The driver looked in the rear mirror and told the. Blacks in the middle row to get up and give place to the White man. At this, the others in the section vacated their seats. Mrs Parks remained seated. The driver this time asked her a little louder to get up. She acted as if she had not heard him at all.
He stopped the bus, got off and called the police. Two policemen came and asked her if she had understood the driver’s request. She said “yes”.

“Why didn’t you get up?” one officer asked.
“I didn’t think I should have to” she replied and there came from deep inside her the terrible, an unanswerable question, “Why do you push us around?”
There was no answer in the policy manual or in any book to that question and the officer mumbled: “I don’t know, but the law is the law and you are under arrest”.

Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence each:

Question 24.
Where was Rosa Parks employed?
Answer:
Rosa Parks was employed at the Fair Department Store in Montgomery, Alabama.

Question 25.
Where was the banner “Peace on Earth, Goodwill to Men”?
Answer:
The banner was over one of the stores at the square.

Question 26.
Why did Rosa Parks not pay attention either to the lights or to the banner that day?
Answer:
Rosa Parks paid no attention to the lights or the banner as she was very tired, having worked the whole day.

Question 27.
Why did Rosa Parks not get into the first bus?
Answer:
Rosa Parks didn’t get into the first bus as it was crowded and she wanted a seat to sit down.

Question 28.
Why did Rosa have to take a seat in the middle section?
Answer:
Rosa Parks had to take a seat in the middle section as the Negro section was full.

Question 29.
How did the driver know that the Blacks were seated in the middle row?
Answer:
The driver knew that the Blacks were seated in the middle row as he could see them in the rear mirror.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 30.
Who did not obey the driver’s order?
Answer:
Rosa Parks didn’t obey the driver’s order.

Question 31.
Every human being likes to lead a ________ life, (comfortable / comforts).
Answer:
Comfortable.

Question 32.
Add an appropriate prefix to the word ‘comfortable’ to get its antonym.
Answer:
Uncomfortable.

Question 33.
Which question of Mrs Parks could the police not answer?
Answer:
When Rosa Parks asked the police why they pushed the Blacks around, they could not answer the question.

V. A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate articles and prepositions given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

(with, the, to, an, a)

Question 34.
Mara had gone ______ the forest to bring some bamboo shoots home. _____ his hands thrust through the bamboo cane when he was cutting ______ shoot, he accidentally cut his hand. The sharp sickle had apparently cut ________ artery.
Answer:
to, With, a, an.

B. Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of the verbs given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 35.
Mara ______ (do) not have any teeth on the right side of his mouth. He ______ (has) to chew everything on the left side. He _____ (be) aged and perhaps they _____ (have + fall) off naturally.
Answer:
did, had, was, had fallen.

C. Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject. (1 × 3 = 3)

Question 36.
“I _______ (have/has) told you the reason twenty times. The king _____ (passes / passed) this way and I don’t want him to know that our village ______ (has/had) such fools as you”, said the village headman.
Answer:
have, passes, has.

D. Correct the following sentences and rewrite them. (2 × 1 = 2)

Question 37.
This is a useful book.
Answer:
This is a book.

Question 38.
Bread and butter are my usual breakfast.
Answer:
Bread and butter js my usual breakfast.

E. Rewrite as directed. (6 × 1 = 6)

Question 39.
Sanna plucked ______ (some / sum) medicinal leaves from the creeper.
(Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word given in brackets)
Answer:
Some.

Question 40.
I did not ask Mara for any ______ (explain) because this was the height of his inventive genius.
(Complete the sentence with the right form of the word given in brackets)
Answer:
explanation.

Question 41.
could have / asked for / an / you / audience.
(Rearrange the segments to form a meaningful sentence)
Answer:
You could have asked for an audience.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 42.
I have no influence over him, _______?
(Add a suitable question tag)
Answer:
I have no influence over him, do I?

Question 43.
He stays in a very small, dingy room on a dirty street.
(Change into a question beginning with the right form of ‘do’)
Answer:
Does he stay in a very small, dingy room on a dirty street?

Question 44.
Babar Ali has brought a significant change in the field of education.
(Frame a question so as to get the underlined word as the answer)
Answer:
In which field has Babar Ali brought a significant change?

VI. A. Refer to the following list of events and answer the questions set on it: (1 × 4 = 4)

College Day Celebrations

Event Time
Inauguration 09-00 a.m. to 10-00 a.m.
Exhibition 10-00 a.m. to 1-00 p.m.
Lunch break 1-00 p.m. to 3-00 p.m.
Valedictory Function 3-00 p.m. to 5-00 p.m.
Cultural Programme 5-30 p.m. to 08-30 p.m.

Question 45.
(i) How long does the inauguration go on?
(ii) When does the exhibition end?
(iii) What time does the valedictory function begin?
(iv) When does the cultural programme start?
Answer:
(i) The inauguration goes on for an hour.
(ii) The exhibition ends at 1-00 p.m.
(iii) The valedictory function begins at 3-00 p.m.
(iv) The cultural programme starts at 5-30 p.m.

B. Write a letter to Sri Dayanand, Commissioner, Mysuru City Police, Mysuru, thanking him for visiting your college as the Chief Guest for the ‘Athletic Meet’. (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 46.
Your letter should contain the following points:
His call to the youth of today to be law-abiding citizens.
His inspirational words about the duties of citizens.
His motivational words to join the police force.
Answer:

The Administrator
JSS College
Mysuru.

23 November 2018

Sri Dayanand
Commissioner
Mysuru City Police
Mysuru

Dear Sir,

It is with a grateful heart that I write this letter to thank you for your presence at our Athletic Meet as our Chief Guest. It was very kind of you to have made time for the youth in spite of your various commitments.
Your speech was both meaningful and motivational. Your call to the youth to be law-abiding citizens of India has been greatly appreciated. This is the need of the hour if India has to progress. Your words inspiring our students to be conscious of their duties will go a long way in moulding them into healthy citizens. I am sure our students are now excited about joining the police force because in you they have seen a fine example. I once again very warmly and sincerely thank you and hope to have you with us again sometime in the future.

Yours faithfully,
H.R. Sateesh
Administrator.

VII. A. Match the expressions under column A with their corresponding language functions under column B: (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 47.

A. Expressions B. Functions
(a) Please, give me your notes. Complimenting.
(b) Meet my friend Rajesh. Rejecting.
(c) You have done a good job. Sympathizing.
(d) I will not accept the offer. Introducing.
(e) What a loss! Requesting.

Answer:
a – Requesting
b – Introducing
c – Complimenting
d – Rejecting
e – Sympathizing.

B. Complete the dialogue: (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 48.
(Ram meets a stranger at the railway station)
Ram: Excuse me. Would you please do me a favour?
Stranger: Certainly, _______.
Ram: How far is Mysuru Palace from here?
Stranger: _______. Anyway, I am also going there _____?
Ram: Yes, sure ________.
Answer:
Ram: Excuse me. Would you do me a favour?
Stranger: Certainly, how could I help you?
Ram: How far is Mysuru Palace from here?
Stranger: It’s quite a distance. Anyway. I am also going there. Would you like to join me?
Ram: Yes, sure. It’s very thoughtful of you.

KSEEB Solutions

C. Dialogue Writing [3]

Question 49.
Krishna has secured a good percentage in his PUC exams. He shares his happiness with his father. Write a dialogue between the father and the son.
Answer:
Krishna: Dad, I have a good piece of news to share with you.
Father: I’m glad that you said ‘a good piece of news.’ It’s your results day, isn’t it? Is your result out?
Krishna: Yes, it is and I have passed with distinction.
Father: Oh! That’s great… Let’s go out and party.
Krishna: No, Dad. Mom cooks better. She has promised to prepare my favourite channa batura.
Father: That sounds good. Even I’m fond of home-cooked food. By the way, are you the highest scorer?
Krishna: No chance! Sumesh has 13 marks more.
Daddy: Never mind. Your achievement is good by itself.

1st PUC English Model Question Paper 5 with Answers

   

Students can Download 1st PUC English Model Question Paper 5 with Answers, Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Papers with Answers help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Paper 5 with Answers

Time: 3 Hrs. 15 Mins.
Max. Marks: 100

Instructions

  • Follow the prescribed limit while answering the questions.
  • Write the correct question number as it appears on the question paper.
  • One mark questions attempted more than once will be awarded zero.
  • For multiple-choice questions choose the correct answer and rewrite it.

I. Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence each: (12 × 1 = 12)

Question 1.
Who was appointed as the chairperson of the Commission of Enquiry in ‘The Gentlemen of the Jungle’?
Answer:
Mr Leopard.

Question 2.
In ‘The School Boy’, ‘learning’s bower’ refers to
(a) Tree
(b) Teacher
(c) School
Answer:
(c) School.

Question 3.
What surprised the white man when he removed the bandage on Mara’s hand?
Answer:
There was no wound.

Question 4.
What did the narrator call the man who paid the bill in the restaurant ‘Oru Manushyan’?
Answer:
Mercy.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 5.
What should the people regain about money in “Money Madness”?
Answer:
Sanity.

Question 6.
Which state government has recognized Babar Ali’s school ‘Anand Shiksha Niketan’?
Answer:
West Bengal State Government.

Question 7.
The tree wants to become a bier for in If I was a Tree’. (Fill in the blank)
Answer:
Sinless body.

Question 8.
What did Mara offer to do in order to save the take?
Answer:
To cut off his head /To kill him.

Question 9.
How old was Frederick Douglass when his mother died?
Answer:
7 Years old.

Question 10.
The old woman sticks to the speaker like a _______. (Fill in the blank)
Answer:
Burr.

Question 11.
What did Nicola and Jacopo join during the rule of the German Elite Guards in Verona?
Answer:
The Resistance Movement.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 12.
The speaker says ‘Do not ask of me, my love, that love I once had for you’ because of __________
a. his beloved is not as beautiful as she was
b. he has realized that there are other sorrows around him demanding his attention
c. he has found a more beautiful lady love
Answer:
b. he has realized that there are other sorrows around him demanding his attention

II. Answer any EIGHT of the following in a paragraph of 80 – 100 words each: (8 × 4 = 32)

Question 13.
Why did the man finally set the newly built bigger hut on fire, in ‘The Gentlemen of the Jungle’?
Answer:
The man was exploited by all the animals of the commission and each time he built new huts. Mr Rhinoceros. Mr Buffalo, Mr Leopard, Mr Hyena and others occupied the hut. So he was very much initiated with the animals’ behaviour and he lost faith injustice. He waited for an opportunity to take revenge against the animals. Accordingly, when he built a new hut sooner Mr Rhinoceros came to occupy it, but the elephant had already occupied the hut. Other animals also came to occupy the hut and they all quarrelled amongst themselves. And while they were fighting, the man used this opportunity to get revenge and peace. He set the hut on fire and killed all the animals of the jungle. This action of the man was just and apt to the situation and circumstances. The annual’ imperial policy reminds us of the colonial policy of whites over blacks. The man is symbolic of the black people and revolted against the dominance of the brutal whites. So his action is justified with this apt quote “Peace is costly but it is worth the expense”.

Question 14.
Bring out the contrast between the boy’s experience inside and outside the school in ‘The School Boy’.
Answer:
The poet William Blake relevantly argues on the education of the children. He says that the boy is very happy being with nature and he learns freely in nature as he loves to rise happily in the summer morning. But when he thinks of school. his happiness disappears and he feels the school as a prison. The boy does not think freely in the school. The poet excellently says that the bo sits in the school in fear and anxiety and he questions how he can learn the subjects. When the child loses his happiness he doesn’t show interest in learning and it becomes a major obstacle for his mental and physical growth. The poet emphasises on nature. He says, the boy gets happiness in the singing of a bird and watching the huntsman. Nature is a sweet company co him.

But when the boy enters formal schooling, he spends the time in irritation and anxiety. The poet stresses on free-learning and informal schooling, that is learning in nature. That helps to widen his mental horizon and physical growth. The poet is not arguing against education but discourages formal schooling and encourages informal learning. Ile gives valuable advice to the parents to give a lot of sweet memories of learning in childhood so that the child gets all-round development and ensures the future of the nation. Totally, the poem is an excellent attempt to bring out the torture felt by the children at formal schooling. The poem gives the message to discourage formal schooling and encourage free learning for children.

Question 15.
How did Mara and the narrator think differently about tying the medicinal creeper to the tree in ‘Around a Medicinal Creeper’?
Answer:
The Narrator was a good friend of Mara, He was told several unbelievable stories by Mara. But the narrator did not believe
him and assumed that they were all cock and bull stories. But when he heard of Appanna’s account about a herb that if it was squeezed the milk became hard. lie wanted to check it. So he plucked some leaves from the creeper and took them to his friend Chandru. a pathologist, He told Chandru what he had heard about that plant. They decided to conduct the experiment and brought a litre of milk and put those leaves in the milk and mixed with mixer and poured into a vessel. After a few minutes, the milk became firm and rubbery. So he came to believe in and learn the facts about the medicinal creeper. It signifies that the narrator did not believe until it comes to his experience. Most of the educates become cynics to the uneducated stories about medicinal creepers.

Question 16.
Describe the embarrassing experience of the narrator in the restaurant in ‘Oru Manushyan’?
Answer:
Once, the narrator went to a restaurant with fourteen rupees in his wallet kept in the pocket and ate a full meal consisting of chapatis and meat curry. He drank tea. The bill was eleven annas. He searched his pocket to pay the bill but was shocked that his wallet was not in his pocket and someone had stolen it. When he said the same to the owner, the oner caught him the lapels and ordered him to pay up. But as he did not have any money. he offered to keep his coat there and later would bring some money and claim the coat. But the owner asked him to take off all his clothes. When he was removing them with great humiliation, a stranger came and helped the narrator by paying his bill.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 17.
Why does the poet fear the cruel power of money in the people in ‘Money Madness’?
Answer:
The poem Money Madness by D.H. Lawrence focuses on how a man becomes more materialistic and loses the values and sentiments in society. He only respects money than relationships. The society goes on measuring the man in terms of money. The man who does not have money. does not get respect from society and who have money would be respected and obeyed by all. So to get all these social status, the man gives much importance to money and he never helps fellow being who is in difficulties. The poet says that man has a madness and it is widely spread among men. He affirms that if society goes behind money individual too goes behind the same. He confirms that no man gives a pound without pain and no man gives a ten pounds without trembling, the man loses his generosity. Man makes money, but money makes man and many things. So the man fears of money and tries to accumulate it and respects it instead of a man. The poet also warns that money-less people should not be treated with neglect and should not be treated on status. The poet fears about the mankind if it measures man in terms of money. there would be no future for human relationships. If people do not regain sanity about money certainly money has got men down to become it’s slaves. So the poet offers a genuine solution that bread should be shelter should be free and fire should be free to all the people in the world. By overall view of the poem, the poet worries of the man’s greedy on money and offers a better solution for a better tomorrow.

Question 18.
What motivated Babar Ali to start his own school?
Answer:
Though children are provided free education, sending children to school is not entirely free of cost. Although children are thought for free, they still have to pay for uniforms, books etc. Many families cannot send their children to school. Thus, instead of going to school, most of the boys help out their families by working in shops as day labourers, grass cutters etc. Girls work as maidservants in the village, where they cook, clean, wash clothes and dishes for their employers. Babar wanted to change this. So he took the initiative of opening his very own school.

Question 19.
How does the poem ‘If I was a Tree’ illustrate the caste system as one of the basic problems in our society?
Answer:
The initiation is a definite success, Babar Ali’s intention hen he started his school was to help the less fortunate people by providing free education. Today. more and more under NRI alleged people have utilized this opportunity of his and are coming up in society. More ver we can clearly see that BabarAli’s action has inspired millions of people around the world. if more people take part to change the world for the better there will be a greater success than he would have wished for Babar Ali has brought about the change he wanted to see in his surroundings. if a young boy from a village had the will and determinations to make a change in the world out there, it is not right on own part to remain as mute spectators but we must also actively participate towards bringing the change.

Question 20.
Why was the shrine dedicated to Mara by the king in ‘Watchman of the Lake’?
Answer:
When the goddess again appeared in Mara’s dream and threatened to destroy the tank, he pleaded with the goddess for permission to go to inform the king and wait for his return before destroying the tank. On a stormy night Mara in an act of supreme sacrifice persuaded the king to kill him in order to prevent his return and thereby save the tank. They loved his noble work so much that he requested the king to appoint his descendants as caretakers of the lake after his death.

Question 21.
How does the farmer’s wife embrace life with dignity?
Answer:
The narrator used to forego his breakfast and morning tea so that he had the money for his evening meal and tea. One day, as usual, he came to the crowded restaurant and had his regular meal and tea, When he to pay the bill, he realized that his wallet had been picked. He revealed this fact to the owner who only found it funny and laughed out loud. Though the narrator offered to leave his coat with the owner, he forced the narrator to take off all his clothes. As the narrator was very shamed taking off his trousers, a stranger stopped him and paid his bill. He later made the narrator wear his clothes and took him away.

When the narrator praised and thanked him, the stranger just laughed. He did not reveal his name but only warned the narrator against speaking about him, The stranger showed five wallets to the narrator, out of which one was the narrators. The stranger told the narrator to check whether his money was intact, and he wished him good luck. The narrator had mixed feelings by now. It was clear that his humiliation at the restaurant was due to the stranger’s picking his wallet and rendering him helpless. But he was also thankful to help at the right moment, avoiding the humiliation of standing stark naked in front of all the people. Ile fact that the stranger had perhaps undergone a transformation during his own interaction with the restaurant – owner. This made him so at the end, ‘May God help you’, and leave without saying anything more to the stranger.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 22.
What does Frederick Douglass tell about his mother in ‘Frederick Douglass’?
Answer:
The slaves suffer a lot under their masters and their wives. If the slave is born to master and slave woman that boy has to suffer more than other slaves. Because the lie is a constant offence to their mistress. She always finds lank with them. they todo all to sat is her but she never is pleased until she sees them beaten. Especially when she sees her husband of showing to his mulatto children favours which he withholds from his black slaves. So the master is forced to sell these slaves to neighbouring farms.

III. Answer one of the following in about 200 words: (1 × 6 = 6)

Question 23.
“Our natural resources are our vital resources”. Explain the statement in the light of several development projects that are being promoted today.
Answer:
In the present story, we realise the importance of natural resources such as plants and their medicinal value. However, when we speak of developmental projects, they are directed towards technology and allopathic medicines. Only a few measures are taken to create awareness we are losing a lot of natural resources, such as land and trees towards the utility of space for construction purposes. While doing so, we are forgetting the key point – natural resources such as trees that bring rain and prove as starting materials for making medicine. Also through development, we are in fact giving rise to more diseases. The atmosphere that we had in historic times was far healthier and safer than the atmosphere we breathe in today. Thus, whatever development we are aiming for, should primarily revolve around the lines of conserving our natural resources and its utilization.
OR
The speaker of the poem ‘Do not ask of Me, My Love’ becomes more realistic when the harsh realities of life draw his attention. Elaborate.
Answer:
The poem “Do not ask of Me My Love” by Faiz Ahmad Faiz. presents the concept of love and contemporary issues of our
society. The poem begins when the lover expresses his helplessness in not being able to love his beloved as in the past. He explains how she seemed so very bright when he had felt that only she was his world. He even exaggerates how her beauty had given breath to the everlasting spring. Her eyes were everything to him and nothing else was there except her in his world. Ile had felt that with her by his side, the world was his and he could attain everything. But now he has realised that all that was just an illusion and only his imagination. He gives as his reasoning his realisation that there out in the wide world were issues. more important than his love for her. He is now more concerned about social problems. war, destruction, poverty diseases and pain of people and would rather try and solve those problems than stay in his illusory world of love for his beloved. He assures her that his love for her has not diminished, but the social problems have taken priority-justified by these lines. You’re beautiful still my love, but I’m helpless too. In a way, it is a message to all, that Jove in youth is quite common, hut one’s country and social problems are more important and deserve concern and commitment from all. The speaker has opted to fur the more fulfilling choice of social reformation than his love.
OR
‘True Gentlemen are made of character, not by their appearance’. Explain with reference to ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’.
Answer:
The boys were true ‘gentlemen very refined and sensitive in character. They were devoted to their sister and in order
to earn money for her treatment undertook all kinds of jobs available in Verona. They sold fruit, shined shoes, ran errands and hawked newspapers and worked liard throughout the day. Titis show ritual the did not consider any job below their identity. Though they were not born to do such jobs. they learnt them and performed them well. Their eagerness to learn and perform varieties of jobs demonstrates a sacrificing, loving nature which is ready to go to any extent to secure the happiness of the loved one. They were also selfless because very earnestly they saved the money to pay for their sister’s treatment but never on clothes or on themselves. Both of them were proud boys. They did not discuss their problems with anyone and very few people knew about their sister and her hospitalization. Even when the narrator took them to the hospital. they went in by themselves and did not speak to him about their sister. They, especially Nicola, did not like to ask for any ones help. They display the real characters which exemplify a true gentleman. The story begins with Luigi’s implication that the two boys might be thieves selling fruits that they had stolen. What unfolds later proves how wrong his suspicion was. The boys prove to be every rich gentleman and gain respect from the narrator. They arouse feelings of love and respect in the nurse at the hospital too.

IV. Read the follow ing passage and answer the questions set on it. (10 × 1 = 10)

One of the greatest runners of this century, Murray Halberg, winner of the 5000-metre race at the Rome Olympic Games in 1960, was almost killed in an accident while playing football. He was only! 6 then. His left arm was so badly damaged that the arm remained paralysed for the rest of his life.

Halberg was born in New Zealand. After his accident, he gave up football and he took to athletics. In 1951 Arthur Lydiard became his coach. In 1956, Olympics were to be held in Melbourne in Australia and Halberg prepared seriously for the 1500 metre race. But he finished eleventh out of 12 runners. He was completely disappointed. In the end, he decided that he would make another attempt. Now 23, Halberg changed himself from a human being into a running machine.

1960 came and Lydiard took him to Rome for the Olympics. Halberg was now 27, the age of which Lydiard had said he would reach his peak as a runner. He reached the final of the 5000-metre race without much effort. As the final began, all the runners were ready. The 60,000 people in the stadium never took notice of him, he was far behind them. Eight laps later, he began to overtake the other runners one by one. There were three laps for the end of the race, but Halberg was sprinting with unbelievable strength. The people wondered, “doesn’t he know how many laps are left?” With two laps left, Halberg had a clear 18-metre lead. One lap to go with Halberg still in the lead. But he was clearly becoming weak. His head was rolling from side to side and his teeth were bared in pain. Hans Grodotski, a German was catching up Halberg. Now Halberg was riot fighting the others, but only against himself. His body was crying out for rest. His body said that Grodotski or anyone else could have the race. But his mind did not allow the body to win.

KSEEB Solutions

He would now see the white tape at the finishing line. Halberg prepared himself for the least effort, in case Grodotski overtook him. But Grodotski never did. Halberg fell into the tape and rolled to the ground. Halberg’s friends gathered around the fallen body. Their minds were full of anxiety. But there was that faint smile on his face.

Question 24.
Who won the 5000-metre race in the Olympic Games in 1960?
Answer:
Murray Halberg.

Question 25.
Halberg’s arm was injured in
(a) a car accident
(b) a football game
(c) the 5000m race
Answer:
(b) football game

Question 26.
Which country did Halberg belong to?
Answer:
New Zealand.

Question 27.
Who was Halberg’s coach?
Answer:
Arthur Lydiard.

Question 28.
How old was Halberg when he went to the 1960 Olympics?
Answer:
27 years old.

Question 29.
In which lap of the race did Halberg establish a clear lead?
Answer:
With two laps left.

Question 30.
Who was catching up with Halberg?
Answer:
HansGrodotski.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 31.
Halberg’s _______ did not allow his body to win. (Fill in the blank.)
Answer:
Mind.

Question 32.
Add prefix to the word ‘complete’ to make its antonym.
Answer:
incomplete.

Question 33.
Halberg was sprinting with unbelievable _______ (strong / strength)
Answer:
strength.

V. A. Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles and prepositions given in brackets: (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 34.
Mara noticed ________ man fishing in the lake. He told _______ man that it was a sacred place and no one was allowed to fish there. He warned him that if he saw him again _________ the rod and hook, he would push him ______ the water. (the, with, into, for, a)
Answer:
a, the, with, into.

B. Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of the verbs given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 35.
The elephant got busy with other ministers to appoint the Commission of Enquiry. They _____ (choose), Mr. Fox, as the chairman. But the commission ______ (has) no one from the man’s side. So, the man ________ (protest) and _______ (ask) to include one from his side.
Answer:
chose, had, protested, asked

C. Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject: (3 × 1 = 3)

Question 36.
The nurse said, “Nicola and Jacopo ________ (brings/bring) their sister to this hospital. For the last twelve months, she _______ (has been/have been) our patient. There _______ (are/is) every hope that one day she will walk and sing”.
Answer:
bring, has been, is.

D. Correct the following sentences and re-write them: (2 × 1 = 2)

Question 37.
Ganesh waited at the bus stop for two hours.
Answer:
Ganesh waited at the bus stop for two hours.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 38.
Raju and Ravi shared the work among them.
Answer:
Raju and Ravi shared the work between them.

E. Re-write as directed: (6 × 1 = 6)

Question 39.
Krishna dug out the tuberous ______ (route/root) of the medicinal creeper.
(Fill in the blank with the appropriate word given in brackets.)
Answer:
root.

Question 40.
The lion didn’t want any _______ (disturb) in his kingdom.
(Complete the sentence with the right form of the word given in brackets)
Answer:
disturbance.

Question 41.
to teach/ Baber Ali started / poor children / his school
(Rearrange the segments to form a meaningful sentence.)
Answer:
Baber Ali started his school to teach poor children.

Question 42.
The two boys didn’t expect any help from others, ________?
(Add a question tag.)
Answer:
did they?

Question 43.
The owner asked the narrator to take off his coat.
(Change into a question beginning with the right form of ‘do’.)
Answer:
Did the owner ask the narrator to take off his coat?

KSEEB Solutions

Question 44.
Hanuman found Sanjeevini on the crest of the mountain.
(Frame a question so as to get the underlined word as the answer.)
Answer:
What did Hanuman find on the crest of the mountain?

VI. A.
Question 45.
Refer to the following imitation and answer the questions set on it. (4 × 1 = 4)
“NRITHYANKURA”
‘Academy of Bharatanatyam’ cordially invites you to the Bharatanatyam Rangapravesha of Kumari Aishwarya, Disciple of Smt. Geeta Chandran.
Chief Guest: Smt.Umashree, Minister of Culture.
Date: 21st December 2017, 6:00 pm.
Venue: Ravindra Kalakshetra, Bengaluru.
Kindly join us for dinner after the programme.
(i) What is the name of the programme?
(ii) Who is making her Rangapravesha?
(iii) Who is the chief guest of the programme?
(iv) Name the venue of the programme.
Answer:
(i) Nrithyankura.
(ii) Kumari Aishwarya.
(iii) Smt. Umashree.
(iv) Ravindra Kalakshetra, Bengaluru.

B.
Question 46.
Write a letter to The Manager, Sharada Book House, Gandhinagar, Bengaluru, requesting him to send some textbooks to you. Your letter should include the following points.

  • The course you are studying.
  • Name of the textbooks.
  • The number of copies.
  • Address to be sent.

Answer:
R. Jalaja
43, 4th main
KSRTC layout
Chikkallasandra
Bengaluru – 560061

29 February 2019
The Manager
M/s Sharada Book House
Gandhinagar
Bengaluru – 560009

Dear sir,
Sub: Purchase of textbooks.
By courier service.
I am R Jalaja, studying in the first year P.U. Science at Acharya Patashala College N.R. Colony, My core subjects are PCMC. My friend and I intend upon Pursuing an engineering course in Computer Science after II.PUC. We would like to start our preparations immediately after the examinations.
We want 2 copies each of the following books.

  • II PUC Physics
  • II PUG Chemistry
  • II PUC Mathematics
  • II PUC Biology
  • Physics Cycle Engineering books
  • Chemistry Cycle Engineering books

The books can be sent to my address as given above by any courier service with payment on delivery option.
Thanking you in anticipation for a speedy delivery.

Yours faithfully,
Sd/-

VII. A.
Question 47.
Match the expression under column A to its corresponding language functions under column B. (5 × 1 = 5)

A B
(1) It’s very kind of you (a) Congratulating
(2) Wow! Looking attractive (b) Agreeing
(3) That’s great! Keep it up. (c) Complaining
(4) Yes, That’s a good idea (d) Expressing Gratitude
(5) Sorry, you are disturbing me (e) Complimenting

Answer:
(1) – d, (2) – e, (3) – a (4) – b, (5) – c.

KSEEB Solutions

B.
Question 48.
complete the dialogue: (1 × 4 = 4)
Ramya: Hai, when are your exams?
Sneha: Hello, I have my exams ________
Ramya: Fine ________ for the exams?
Sneha: _______ See you after the exams.
Ramya: ________ Bye.
Answer:
Ramya: Hai, when are your exams?
Sneha: Hello, I have my exams in the next month.
Ramya: Fine, How are you preparing for the exams?
Sneha: I am preparing well. See you after the exams.
Ramya: All the best for your exams. Bye.

C.
Question 49.
Dialogue writing: (1 × 3 = 3)
Anand has met the Principal of the college in which his son is studying and enquiring about his performance. Write a dialogue between Anand and the Principal.
Answer:
Anand: Good morning, sir.
Principal: Good morning. What can I do for you?
Anand: My son Raju is studying in first PUC. I want to know about his performance.
Principal: Raju is doing very well in his studies. I am proud of him.
Anand: Thank you very much for your information, Sir.
Principal: You are welcome.
(Any suitable conversation can be accepted).

1st PUC English Model Question Paper 4 with Answers

   

Students can Download 1st PUC English Model Question Paper 4 with Answers, Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Papers with Answers help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Paper 4 with Answers

Time: 3 Hrs. 15 Mins.
Max. Marks: 100

Instructions

  • Follow the prescribed limit while answering the questions.
  • Write the correct question number as it appears on the question paper.
  • One mark questions attempted more than once will be awarded zero.
  • For multiple-choice questions choose the correct answer and rewrite it.

I. Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence each: (12 × 1 = 12)

Question 1.
Who was the secretary of the commission of Enquiry in ‘The Gentlemen of the Jungle’?
Answer:
Mr Leopard.

Question 2.
What does ‘cage’ refer to, in ‘The School Boy’?
Answer:
The school.

Question 3.
According to Mara, how do the mongoose and the cowl cure themselves of snakebite in ‘Around the Medicinal Creeper’?
Answer:
By eating the leaves of the medicinal creeper.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 4.
In ‘Oru Manushyan’, the people in the city would do anything, even they for the sake of money
a. commit murder.
b. rob banks
c. beg on the streets.
Answer:
a. commit murder.

Question 5.
Who is the most educated teacher in Babar Ali’s school?
Answer:
Debarita Bhattacharya.

Question 6.
__________ Wouldn’t flee shouting for a bath in the poem, ‘If I Was a Tree’.
a. Mother Earth
b. Raindrops
c. Leaves
Answer:
a. Mother Earth.

Question 7.
In ‘Watchman of the Lake’, one day a visitor approached Mara to
a. Get water to his village
b. Stop fishing in the lake
c. Work as watchman of the lake.
Answer:
a. Get water to his village.

Question 8.
What does ‘the harvest of my womb’ refer to, in ‘The Farmer’s Wife’?
Answer:
Her children.

Question 9.
Write one of the things that sustained Douglass during the darkest hours of slavery.
Answer:
Faith / Hope.

Question 10.
What does the old woman offer to do to get fifty paise?
Answer:
To take the visitor to the horseshoe shrine.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 11.
Name the village where Lucia was getting treatment in ‘The Two Gentlemen of Verona’.
Answer:
Polenta.

Question 12.
What did the speaker ask his beloved not to expect from him, in ‘Do Not Ask of Me, My Love’?
Answer:
The same love as before.

II. Answer any EIGHT of the following in a paragraph of 80 – 100 words each: (8 × 4 = 32)

Question 13.
How did the elephant justify his act of occupying the hut in ‘The Gentlemen of the Jungle’?
Answer:
The elephant went to the man when it was in difficulty and asked him to give a place to keep its trunk to protect it from rain. The man showed sympathy and gave permission to keep its trunk only as there was enough place only for its trunk and himself. But the elephant slowly sneaked in and occupied the whole hut and threw him out, by saying that it would protect his hut from the hurricane.

Question 14.
How does the schoolboy view his experience in school in “The School Boy”?
Answer:
The poet William Blake relevantly argues on the education of the children. He says that the boy is very happy being with nature and he learns freely in nature as he loves to rise happily in the summer morning. But when he thinks of school, his happiness disappears and he feels the school as a prison. The boy does not think freely in the school. The poet excellently says that the boy sits in the school in fear and anxiety and he questions how he can learn the subjects. When the child loses his happiness he doesn’t show interest in learning and it becomes a major obstacle for his mental and physical gro1h. The poet emphasises on nature. He says, the boy gets happiness in the singing of a bird and watching the huntsman. Nature is a sweet company to him.

But when the boy enters formal schooling, lie spends the time in irritation and anxiety. The poet stresses on free-learning and informal schooling, that is learning in nature. That helps to widen his mental horizon and physical growth. The poet is not arguing against education but discourages formal schooling and encourages informal learning. Ile gives valuable advice to the parents to give a lot of sweet memories of learning in childhood so that the child gets all-round development and ensures the future of nation. Totally. the poem is an excellent attempt to bring out the torture felt by the children at formal schooling. The poem gives the message to discourage formal schooling and encourage free learning for children.

Question 15.
How was Krishna cured when he had piled in ‘Around a Medicinal Creeper’?
Answer:
Krishna was suffering from piles and met the narrator to get some help. But the narrator only helped him with some money which was not enough for the treatment. But Krishna knew a Malavali Sadhu. This godman had treated Krishna on an earlier occasion, when Krishna had started developing boils all over his body. The godman had cured him with the barks of a tree. Krishna went in search of the godman, hut he was too old and could not search for the medicinal creepers. He described the features of the plant to Krishna. Krishna went in search of the leaves and on the way he met the narrator and described the leaves. The narrator understood that those were the leaves which Mara and Appana had tied to the nearest tree. The narrator took him to the plant and dug quite a hit to get the tuber. Krishna ground this root with milk and drank it with milk. In this way, he was cured of piles within five days.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 16.
Describe the people and the place where the narrator lived in ‘Oru Manushyan’.
Answer:
The incident took place in quite a big city in the valley of a mountain, some thousand five hundred miles away from the narrator’s home. The inhabitants of the city had never been known for the quality of mercy. People there were cruel and murder, robbery. and pickpocketing were their daily habits. Traditionally, they were professional soldiers. Some of them lent out money on interest, some were watchmen in banks, mills and in industries. They would do anything for money. even commit murder.

Question 17.
Why does the poet describe money madness as our ‘vast collective madness’ in “Money Madness”?
Answer:
The poem Money Madness by D.H. Lawrence focuses on how a man becomes more materialistic and loses the values and sentiments in society. Ile only respects money than relationships. The society goes on measuring the man in terms of money. The man who does not have money does not get respect from society and who have money would be respected and obeyed by all. So to get all these social status, a man gives much importance to money and he never helps fellow being who is in difficulties. The poet says that man has a madness and it is widely spread among men. He affirms that if society goes behind money. an individual goes behind the same. He confirms that no man gives a pound without pain and no man gives a ten pounds without trembling, the man loses his generosity. Man makes money. but money makes man and many things.

So the man fears of money and tries to accumulate it and respects it instead of a man. The poet also warns that money-less people should not be treated with neglect and should not be treated on status. The poet fears about mankind if it measures man in terms of money, there would be no future for human relationships. If people do not regain sanity about money certainly money has got men down to become its slaves. So. the poet offers a genuine solution that bread should be free. the shelter should be free and lire should be free mo all the people in the world. by the overall view of the poem, the poet worries of the man’s greedy on money and offers a better solution for a better tomorrow.

Question 18.
Why does the speaker wish to be a tree in “If I was a Tree”?
Answer:
The initiation is a definite success. Babar Ali’s intention when he started his school was to help the less fortunate people by providing free education. Today. more and more under village people has utilized this opportunity of his and are coming up in society. Moreover, we can clearly see that Babar Au’s action has inspired millions of people around the world. If more people take part to change the world for the better, there will be a greater success than he would have wished for Babar Ali has brought about the change he wanted to see in his surroundings. If a young boy from a village had the will and determinations to make a change in the world out there, it is not right on own part to remain as mute spectators but we must also actively participate towards bringing the change.

Question 19.
Give an account of Mara’s meeting with the king on a stormy night in ‘The Watchman of the Lake’.
Answer:
When the goddess again appeared in Mara’s dream and threatened to destroy the tank, he pleaded with the goddess for permission to go to inform the king and wait for his return before destroying’ the tank. On a stormy night Mara in an act of supreme sacrifice persuaded the king to kill him in order to prevent his return and thereby save the tank. The loved his noble work so much that he requested the king to appoint his descendants as caretakers of the lake after his death.

Question 20.
How does the poem ‘The Farmer’s Wife’ bring out the plight of the farmer’s wife and her self- assertion?
Answer:
The narrator used to forego his breakfast and morning tea so that he had the money for his evening meal and tea. One day as usual he came to the crowded restaurant and had his regular meal and tea. When he to pay the bill, he realized that his wallet had been picked. He revealed this fact to the over who only found it funny and laughed out loud. Though the narrator offered to leave his coat with the owner, he forced the narrator to take off all his clothes. As the narrator was very shamed taking off his trousers, a stranger stopped him and paid his bill. He later made the narrator wear his clothes and took him away. When the narrator praised and thanked him, the stranger just laughed.

He did not reveal his name but only warned the narrator against speaking about him. The stranger showed five wallets to the narrator, out of which one was the narrators. The stranger told the narrator to check whether his money was intact and he wished him good luck. The narrator had mixed feelings by now. It was clear that his humiliation at the restaurant was due to the stranger’s picking his wallet and rendering him helpless. But he was also thankful to help at the right moment, avoiding the humiliation of standing stark naked in front of all the people. Ile fact that the stranger had perhaps undergone a transformation during his own interaction with the restaurant owner. This made him say at the end. ‘May God help you’. and leave without saying anything more to the stranger.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 21.
Write a note on the cruelty of Mr Plummer in “Frederick Douglass”.
Answer:
The boys were very useful for the narrator. When the narrator wanted a pack of American cigarettes or seats for the opera. or the name of good restaurant, they were always there in all these needs with cheerful competence. They had also taken the author on a guided tour to the different places of interest at Verona including Juliet’s tomb.

Question 22.
What were the different ways in which Nicola and Jacopo earned money?
Answer:
The cracks around her eyes are symbolic of hardships she has been through. The mountains and temples symbolize the speaker’s strong contentions about the old lady and our religious belief that giving charity is following dharma, respectively. Crack around her eyes extend to the mountains and temples means her determination to live a life of dignity and hard work and not by charity, and this destroys both the beliefs of speaker and religion.

III. Answer one of the following in about 200 words: (1 × 6 = 6)

Question 23.
How does the play ‘Watchman of the Lake’ bring out both the protective and destructive faces of nature?
Answer:
Nature has god in general, it knows whom to treat and how, when to treat and where to treat. If people protect, it protects the people if they destroy, it also destroys them. So nature is a mirror of people. The play also brought the same idea, when people did not use river Veda properly, it advises the people in the form of a dream to Mara, to build a tank for proper utilization of water. It is a productive way for people which nature had gifted them. And when they become too much selfish by utilizing water and not remembering the goddess, she incarnates the avatar and causes floods and deluge. The good instance is the present floods of Uttarkhand where thousands of people disappeared at Kedarnath temple. This happens because of not nature’s fluctuation but men’s too much polluting the rivers causes anger to nature so she cautions in the form of floods. In the same way, ‘Veda’ causes floods in the village to remind her presence. So the king gets awareness and built a temple in the name o Mara and goddess. So nature is both productive and destructive.
OR
‘Money is the root of all evils in society’. Examine this statement with reference to the poem ‘Money Madness’.
Answer:
The poem Money Madness by D.H. Lawrence focuses on how a man becomes more materialistic and loses the values and sentiments in society. He only respects money than relationships. The society goes on measuring the man in terms of money. The man who does not have money does not get respect from society and who have money would be respected and obeyed by all. So to get all these social status, the man gives much importance to money and he never helps fellow being who is in difficulties. The poet says that man has a madness and it is widely spread among men. He affirms that if society goes behind money, individual to goes behind the same. He confirms that no man gives a pound without pain and no man gives a ten pounds without trembling, the man loses his generosity. Man makes money, but money makes man and many things. So. the man fears of money and tries to accumulate it and respects it instead of a man. The poet also warns that money-less people should not be treated with neglect and should not be treated on status. The poet fears about mankind if it measures man in terms of money, there would be no future for human relationships. If people do not regain sanity about mc ney. certainly, money has got men down to become its slaves. So, the poet offers a genuine solution that bread should be “ree, shelter should be free and fire should be free to all the people in the world.
OR
Babar Ali’s school took shape out of an individual’s responsibility towards society. Elaborate.
Answer:
Babar Ali’s school was started when he was only nine while playing a game. Very soon, children began to love his way of teaching and flocked to his ‘school’. Babar did not charge any fee for his teaching. He also got the help of the local educated people, who came and taught the children, Babar was successful in getting the help of nine high school student volunteers. The oldest and most educated of them is Debarita who goes to College in Behrampur. Babar himself studies in class XII in a school quite far from his house. He commutes the long-distance, attends classes in the mornings and comes back in the afternoons to his ‘school’ to teach youngsters who have worked hard in the mornings and are now ready for learning. The fact that his school is entirely free, he and his staff teach well, there is a midday meal, and his school is recognized by the West Bengal Government, attracts many students to his school. The increasing strength of his school just shows how eager people are to get their children educated, and how good, selfless work gets noticed by people soon. Those who cannot afford education in regular schools, do not mind sending their children to learn from teachers like Babar. This only proves that Indians are realizing the significance of education in life.

IV. Read the following passage and answer the questions set on it. (10 × 1 = 10)

Born on March 21, 1916, Bismillah Khan belonged to a family of professional Shehnai players. At the age of six, he moved to Banaras where his maternal uncle Ali Bux introduced him to the nuances of playing the simple reed instrument, the Shehnai. For many years the temple of Balaji and banks of Ganga became the favourite haunt where Bismillah could practice for hours in solitude. The flowing waters of Ganga inspired him to improvise and invent ’ragas1 which were earlier considered to be beyond the range of Shehnai.

His first reward came at the age of 14, as the best performer at the All India Music Conference in Allahabad in 1930. In 1947 he won three medals at the music conference in Calcutta. On the first Independence Day, 15th August 1947, he played it at the invitation of the then PM Jawaharlal Nehru. Awards and recognitions came fast. He participated in the World Exposition in Montreal, Cannes Art Festival and Osaka Trade Fair. An auditorium was named after him in Tehran called Tahar Mosque Ustaad Bismillah Khan. The World Music Institute Celebrated his 80th birthday in New York. In spite of having travelled all over the world Khan Saab, as he is fondly called, was fond of Banaras and Dumbarton.

Once, one of his students wanted him to head a Shehnai school in the USA and recreated the atmosphere of Banaras there. But Ustaad asked him if he could take the Ganga there. Talking about Balaji temple he said, ” I have tears in my eyes when I visit the place”. About Dumraon he said,” How can I forget the place of my birth?”. While in Mumbai, I think of only Varanasi and holy Ganga. And in Varanasi I miss Dumraon. No wonder Khan Saab never thought of migrating from Banaras unlike ‘ some stars like Pandit Ravi Shankar or UstadAllaudinKhan.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 24.
How old was Bismillah Khan when he moved to Banaras?
Answer:
6 years old.

Question 25. _____ introduced Bismillah Khan to the nuances of playing Shehnai.
Answer:
His uncle Ali Bux.

Question 26.
Where was the ‘All India Music Conference’ held?
Answer:
In Allahabad.

Question 27.
What inspired Bismillah Khan to improvise and invent ragas?
Answer:
Flowing water of Ganga.

Question 28. ________ played Shehnai for Free India from the ramparts of the Red Fort.
a. Khan Saab.
b. Pandit Ravi Shankar.
c. Ustad Allaudin.
Answer:
a. Khan Saab.

Question 29.
Where is the auditorium named after Bismillah Khan Saab situated?
Answer:
In Tehran.

Question 30.
Bismillah Khan’s birthplace is ________
a. Banaras.
b. Dumraon.
c. Tehran.
Answer:
b. Dumraon.

Question 31.
Where was Khan Saab’s 80th birthday celebrated?
Answer:
World Music Institute in New York.

Question 32.
The Prime Minister offered a ______ (invite) to Khan Saab to play at the Red Fort.
Answer:
Invitation.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 33.
Add a suitable prefix to the word ‘wanted’ to write its antonym (re, un, de) .
Answer:
Unwanted.

V. A. Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles and prepositions given in brackets: (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 34.
The narrator slept all day and woke up _____ four ______ the evening. He did so to save ______ expense of drinking tea or eating the noon meal. He came out and entered _______ crowded restaurant, (in, a, at, an, the)
Answer:
at, in, the, a.

B. Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of the verbs given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 35.
Captain Anthony was not considered a rich slaveholder. He ______ (own) only thirty slaves and two or three farms. His farms and slaves ________ (be) under the care of an overseer. Mr. Plummer _______ (be) an overseer. He was always ______ (arm) with a cowskin and a cudgel.
Answer:
owned, were, was, armed.

C. Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject: (3 × 1 = 3)

Question 36.
Nicola and Jacopo struggle hard to save money. One night they _______ (are/is) sitting on the stone pavement. When the narrator _______ (speak/speaks) to them, he learns that they _______ (has/have) specific plans.
Answer:
were, speaks, have.

D. Correct the follow ing sentences and re-write them: (2 × 1 = 2)

Question 37.
Mara returned back from the jungle, one evening.
Answer:
Mara returned from the jungle, one evening.

Question 38.
Why did you bring this?
Answer:
Why did you bring this?

E. Re-write as directed: (6 × 1 = 6)

Question 39.
Babar Ali’s students did not get ________ (bored/board)
(Fill in the blank with an appropriate word)
Answer:
bored.

KSEEB Solutions

Question 40.
Mara stood in _______ (amaze)
(Fill in the blank with the right form of the word given in brackets)
Answer:
amazement.

Question 41.
a miserable/was/ drunkard/ Mr. Plummer. (Rearrange the segments to a meaningful sentence)
Answer:
Mr Plummer was a miserable drunkard.

Question 42.
Venice is a picturesque city ______? (Add a question tag)
Answer:
isn’t it?

Question 43.
The narrator thanked the stranger.
(Change into a question beginning with the right form of ‘do’)
Answer:
Did the narrator thank the stranger?

Question 44.
Nicola and Jacopo were sitting under the lights.
(Frame a question as to get the underlined word as answer).
Answer:
Where did Nicola and Jacopo were sitting?

VI. A.
Question 45.
Read the weather report and answer the questions on it.
1st PUC English Model Question Paper 4 with Answers 1
Note: Temperature in degree centigrade.
(a) Which city records the highest temperature in May?
(b) ______ has a minimum temperature in December.
(c) What is the minimum temperature of Dharwad in May?
(d) What is the maximum temperature of Mysuru in May?
Answer:
(a) Gulbarga
(b) Bengaluru
(c) 35°C
(d) 36°C

B.
Question 46.
Write a letter to the Bank Manager requesting to transfer your account from SBI. Chickmangaluru branch to SBI Hubballi main Branch as you have been transferred to Hubballi. Your letter should have the following information.
• Type of account
• Account Number
Answer:
J. Karthik
S.B. A/c No. xxxxxxxxxx6513347
29th February 2019

The Bank Manager,
State Bank of India,
Chikmagalur Branch,
Chikmagalur,
Karnataka – 577101.

Sir/Madam,

Sub: Transfer of Savings Account.
I have a savings account at your branch A/c xxxxxxxxxx6513347. I have now been transferred from our Chikmagaluru Branch to the newly opened Branch at Hubballi. I will have to join duty at the Hubballi branch by 7th march 2019. I request you to kindly arrange for transferring my savings account to State Bank of India at Hubballi with the Navanagar Branch.

Address of SBI Hubballi
14th Cross Road
Navanagar, Hubballi
Karnataka – 580025
Kindly arrange for the transfer at the earliest.

Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
J. Karthik

KSEEB Solutions

VII. A.
Question 47.
Match the expression under column A to its corresponding language functions under column B. (5 × 1 = 5)

A B
(1) Hello! Good Morning (a) Expressing gratitude.
(2) It’s very kind of you (b) Apologising
(3) Sorry, I won’t allow you inside (c) Introducing
(4) I’m really sorry for the mistake (d) Greeting
(5) Meet my friend Rashmi (e) Refusing permission.

Answer:
(1) – d, (2) – a, (3) – e, (4) – b, (5) – c.

B.
Question 48.
complete the dialogue: (1 × 4 = 4)
Rekha : Hi Adarsh _______?
Adarsh: I’m fine _______ How are you, Rekha?
Rekha: I’m fine too, Thank you. We have a party at home today _______?
Adarsh : _______ I will definetly come.
Answer:
Rekha: Hi Adarsh How are you?
Adarsh: I’m fine, Thank you. How are you, Rekha?
Rekha: I’m fine too, Thank you. We have a party at home can you please come to my house?
Adarsh: Oh ! Sure. I will definitely come.

C. Dialogue writing: (1 × 3 = 3)

Question 49.
Salim goes to a hospital and enquires with the receptionist about an appointment with the ENT specialist. Write a dialogue between Salim and the receptionist.
Answer:
Salim: Good morning madam, could you please give me an appointment with the ENT specialist?
Receptionist: Good Morning Sir, sorry he is not available today. Can I get you the appointment for tomorrow?
Salim: Oh Sure, Thank you.
Receptionist: You are most welcome Sir.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

   

Students can download Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Important Questions, KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Science Important Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 1.
What are inherited traits?
Answer:
The traits (characteristics) that are transferred from the parents to their offspring through genes are called inherited traits.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 2.
What is heredity?
Answer:
The transmission of characteristics (traits) from the parents to their offspring through genes is known as heredity.

Question 3.
What is genetics?

OR

Define genetics.
Answer:
The branch of biology that deals with the systematic study of heredity, variation and factors responsible for these is known as genetics.

Question 4.
Who is considered as the father of modern genetics?
Answer:
Gregor Johann Mendel is considered as the father of modem genetics.

Question 5.
Name the plant on which Gregor Mendel did his experiments on genetics.
Answer:
Mendel performed his experiments on heredity and genetics on garden pea plants.

Question 6.
What is the contribution of Gregor Mendel to our understanding of inheritance of characteristics?
Answer:
Mendel did his experiments on garden pea (Pisum sativum) and discovered the scientific principles which govern patterns of inheritance, i.e., the principle of inheritance. He explained that contrasting characters are controlled by units which he called factors. Today these factors are called genes.

Question 7.
Why did Mendel choose pea plants for his experiments on inheritance?
Answer:
Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments for the following reasons

  1. Pea plants could be grown easily either in an open field or in pots.
  2. They have short growth period and short lifecycle.
  3. They bear self-pollinating flowers, which could be cross-pollinated artificially.
  4. They produce large number of seeds.
  5. They show a fairly large number of contrasting heritable characters.
  6. They produce fertile hybrids on cross-pollination.

Question 8.
What is variation? Why are hereditary variations important?
Answer:
The differences in the characters among the offspring compared to that of their parents is called variation. Variation is necessary for organic evolution.

Question 9.
Give an example for the variation found in human population.
Answer:
If we Observe the ear lobes of a set of people, some have free ear lobes while a few have attached ear lobes. This is an example of variation in human population.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 10.
Explain how sexual reproduction gives rise to more viable variations than asexual reproduction. How does this affect the evolution of those organisms that reproduce sexually?
Answer:
Sexual reproduction involves two parents and hence produces relatively large number of variations. The two parents already have variations accumulated from the previous generations and hence their progeny would be novel as they inherit traits from both parents. In asexual reproduction, however, the organisms have fewer variations due to errors in DNA copying.

Variations in organisms are the key for evolution. Since sexually reproducing organisms have more variations, the process of evolution gains speed. Asexual reproduction takes longer time for the evolution of newer species.

Question 11.
Only variations that confer an advantage to an individual organism will survive in a population. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not?
Answer:
Yes, the variations that give advantage to an individual organism will increase its survival in the population. This is because the favourable variations enable the organism to survive even in unfavourable conditions and hence increase the chances of its survival.

Such organisms reproduce and increase their number in the population. Those with unfavourable variations diminish in number and eventually perish. Thus more offspring and population with genetic variations will survive.

Question 12.
If a trait A exists in 10% of a population of an asexually reproducing species and a trait B exists in 60% of the same population, which trait is likely to have arisen earlier? Give reason.
Answer:
Asexually reproducing species reproduce by cell division creating two identical organisms (same DNA). In asexual reproduction, the chances of variation due to inaccuracies in DNA copying are quite small.

If a trait is found in only some members of a species then it originally occurred due to a random mutation. This random mutation then is passed down to future generations every time the organism with the trait replicates itself.

Thus, if 60% of a population contains this trait, it means that its members have been replicating themselves for a longer period of time than those in the population where the trait is seen in only 10% of the population. Hence it is more likely that trait B has emerged earlier than trait A.

Question 13.
How does the creation of variations in a species promote survival?
Answer:
Variations occur in species due to errors in DNA copying. Some of these variations may be favourable to the organism while others may not be. Depending on the nature of the variations, different individuals of a species get different kinds of advantages and enable them to adjust and adapt to changes in the environment.

Organisms with favourable variations survive even under changed conditions and reproduce and continue their species. This is how variations help species to adapt and hence promote their survival.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 14.
When a pesticide is sprayed on a population of insects, all insects do not get killed and a few of them survive. Give reason.
Answer:
When a pesticide is sprayed on a field, most of the insects are killed because they are sensitive to the pesticide. A few of the insects survive because they have variations, which have made them resistant to the pesticide. Hence the pesticide has no effect on these insects.

Question 15.
What is pollination? What is its importance? Mention its types.
Answer:
The transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or of another flower is called pollination. Pollination is an essential prerequisite for fertilization.
There are two types of pollination namely

  • self-pollination
  • cross-pollination.

Question 16.
Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
Answer:
Self-pollination:

  1. The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same plant is called self¬pollination.
  2. Self-pollinating flowers usually are small and less attractive without coloured petals, nectar, scent or long stamens and pistils.
  3. It results in uniform progeny. It allows plant to be less resistant as a whole to diseases. However, if does not need to expend energy to attract pollinators.
  4. Self-pollinating flowers usually have fewer pollen grains.

Cross-pollination:

  1. The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower of a different plant of the same species is called cross-pollination.
  2. Cross-pollination is seen in plants with brightly coloured petals, nectar and scent, long stamens and pistils.
  3. It allows for diversity in the species. However, it relies on pollinators that travel from plant to plant.
  4. Cross-pollinating flowers have large number of pollen grains.

Question 17.
Make a list offour observable traits in pea plants with their contrasting forms of characters.
Answer:

  1. The length of the stem has two contrasting forms namely ‘tall’ and ‘dwarf.
  2. The colour of the pod has two contrasting forms namely ‘yellow’ and ‘green’.
  3. Colour of the seed coat has two contrasting forms namely ‘grey’ and ‘white’.
  4. Position of the flower has two contrasting forms namely ‘axial’ or ‘terminal’.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 18.
Which were the seven pairs of contrasting traits in pea used by Mendel for his experiments on heredity?
Answer:

  • Character:
  • Stem height
  • Flower colour
  • Flower position
  • Pod shape
  • Pod colour
  • Seed shape
  • Seed colour

Contrasting traits:

  • Tall/dwarf
  • Red/white
  • Axial/terminal
  • Full/constricted
  • Green/yellow
  • Round/wrinkled
  • Yellow/green

Question 19.
Define the following terms: Character, Trait, Gene, Hybrid, Phenotype, Genotype, Homozygous, Heterozygous, Dominant, Recessive, Monohybrid cross, and Dihybrid cross.
Answer:

  1. Character: Any inheritable feature of an organism is called character.
  2. Trait: Any detectable contrasting variant of a character is called a trait.
  3. Gene: A gene is a unit of heredity that determines particular traits.
  4. Hybrid: A plant or an animal produced by parents that have contrasting characteristics of a trait is called a hybrid.
  5. Phenotype: Observable characteristics of an organism, which are genetically controlled, are called phenotype.
  6. Genotype: The genetic constitution of an organism is called its genotype.
  7. Allele: An alternative form of the same gene found at the same place on a chromosome is called allele.
  8. Homozygous: Two alleles of a gene are said to be homozygous if they are similar and hence two copies of the same allele exist. (Eg. RR or rr.)
  9. Heterozygous: Two alleles of a gene are said to be heterozygous if they are different. (Eg. Rr.) Dominant: A gene in a pair is said to be dominant if it masks or hides the expression of the other.
  10. Recessive: A gene in a pair is said to be recessive if it expresses itself only when there are two of them. Recessive genes do not express in the presence of a dominant allele.
  11. Monohybrid cross: Mendelian cross in which only one pair of contrasting characteristics is taken into consideration at a time is called monohybrid cross.
  12. Dihybrid cross: Mendelian cross in which two pairs of contrasting characteristics are taken into consideration at a time is called dihybrid cross.

Question 20.
Describe Mendel’s monohybrid cross experiments.
Answer:
Mendel took pure varieties of pea plants with contrasting characteristics. For instance, he took pure tall varieties and pure dwarf varieties and cross-pollinated them. He collected the seeds of these plants and sowed them in the next season. All the seeds bore tall varieties of plants. He called these hybrids ‘the first filial generation’ (F1 generation).

In the next season, Mendel sowed seeds obtained in the F1generation and self-pollinated them. He collected the seeds of these plants and sowed them in the next season. He found that these seeds produced tall and dwarf varieties in the ratio 3:1. He called these plants ‘the second filial generation’ or F2 generation.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 21.
How many factors will be there for each trait in sexually reproducing organisms? What are they?
Answer:
In any sexually reproducing organism, there will be two factors for each trait. One is the dominant factor and the other is the recessive factor.

Question 22.
What is monohybrid cross? What is its ratio? Show with the help of a checker board.
Answer:
Mendelian crosses, in which only one pair of contrasting characteristics is taken into consideration at a time, is called monohybrid cross. Monohybrid ratio obtained when only one pair of contrasting characteristics is taken at a time is 3:1.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution 1
Phenotypic ratio: 3 tall: 1 dwarf
Genotypic ratio: 1 pure tall: 2 impure tall: 1 pure dwarf.

Question 23.
State the principle of dominance with an illustration.
Answer:
For any given trait, there are two forms of factors. One of these factors is dominant and the other is recessive. This idea is known as the principle of dominance. Consider a situation where tall pea plants are cross-pollinated with dwarf pea plants. When seeds obtained from them are sown again, we get all tall plants.

Here, tallness is a dominant factor and dwarfness is a recessive factor. When the plants grown from these seeds are self-pollinated and the next generation (F2 generation) seeds are obtained and sown again, dwarfness appears in some plants. This shows that the factor for dwarfness was masked in the F1 generation by the factor of tallness. We consider the factor for dwarfhess as the recessive trait.

Question 24.
Give the pair of contrasting traits of the following characters in pea plant and mention which is dominant and which is recessive

  1. Yellow seed
  2. Round seed.

Answer:

  1. Seed colour: Yellow (Dominant); Green (Recessive).
  2. Seed shape: Round (Dominant); Wrinkled (Recessive).

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 25.
How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive?
Answer:
In his experiment on pea plants, Mendel cross-pollinated plants with contrasting pair (say tall and dwarf) of characteristics and obtained the seeds of F1 generation. All the plants grown from the F1 generation seeds showed only one trait of the pair (tall) and the other trait (dwarfhess) was missing in all the plants.

He self-pollinated these plants and collected the seeds ef this generation and grew plants of the F2 generation. A trait that appeared in all the members of the F1 generation (tallness) appeared only in 75% of members of F2 generation and the other 25% were dwarf. This means a trait that did not appear in the Fj1generation had reappeared in 25% plants of F2 generation.

This indicated that the trait that appeared in F1 generation in all plants was the dominant trait. A trait that did not appear in F1 but reappeared in F2 generation was the recessive trait. This established that traits may be dominant or recessive.

Question 26.
Genes related to one character have two contrasting traits. But only one among them is considered as dominant. Why?
Answer:
Of the two contrasting traits of an inherited character, the one that expresses itself in the next generation and determines the phenotype of the individual is called the dominant trait. This trait determines the character of the individual despite the presence of a contrasting allele for the same character.

Question 27.
In Mendel’s experiments on pea plants, were the tall plants in the Ft generation exactly the same as the tall plants of the parent generation? Explain.
Answer:
In Mendel’s experiment, the tall pea plants in the F, generation were not the same as the tall plants of the parent generation. The parent generation had pure tall varieties with homozygous alleles. Their genotype can be represented by TT.

This means the seeds obtained by self-pollination of these plants would yield only tall plants. In the Fi generation, the tall plants were heterozygous with their genotype being Tt. The seeds obtained by self-pollination of these plants’would yield some tall plants and a few dwarf plants.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 28.
The findings of Mendel’s experiment with pea plants with pure purple and pure white flowers are shown in the diagram given below. State the dominant trait and the recessive trait in this.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution 2
In this experiment, the trait for purple colour flowers is dominant. The trait for white flowers is recessive.

Question 29.
Outline a project that aims to find the dominant coat colour in doss.
Answer:
Dogs have a variety of genes that govern coat colour. There are at least eleven identified gene series that influence coat colour in dog. In order to find the dominant coat colour, we may choose one pair of contrasting traits. A dog inherits one gene for its coat colour from each of its parents. The dominant gene gets expressed.

For example, let us consider the factors that make a dog genetically black or brown. Let us assume that one parent is homozygous black (BB), while the other parent is homozygous brown (bb). By cross breeding these pure varieties we get the following genotypes:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution 3
In this case, all the offsprings will be heterozygous black (Bb). B is the dominant factor while b is the recessive factor. If such heterozygous dogs are crossed again, they will produce 25% homozygous black (BB), 50% heterozygous black (Bb), and 25% homozygous brown (bb) offsprings.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution 4
This shows that the factor for black is dominant while the factor for brown is recessive.

Question 30.
How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits are inherited independently?
Answer:
Mendel crossed pure breeds of tall plants having round seeds with pure breeds of short plants having wrinkled seeds. The plants of Fj generation were all tall with round seeds indicating that the traits of tallness and roundness of seeds were dominant.

Self-breeding of Ft yielded plants with characters of 9 tall round seeded, 3 tall wrinkled seeded, 3 short round seeded and 1 short wrinkled seeded. Tall wrinkled seeded and short round seeded plants are new combinations which could develop only when the traits are inherited independently.

Question 31.
How does inheritance work with asexually reproducing organisms? How is it different from the , inheritance in sexually reproducing organisms?
Answer:
The asexually reproducing organisms receive the complete set of chromosomes from a single parent but in sexually reproducing organisms, one set is received from each parent through gametes. These gametes then fuse and restore the chromosome number similar to that of parents.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 31.
How does inheritance work with asexually reproducing organisms? How is it different from the inheritance in sexually reproducing organisms?
Answer:
The asexually reproducing organisms receive the complete set of chromosomes from a single parent but in sexually reproducing organisms, one set is received from each parent through gametes. These gametes then fuse and restore the chromosome number similar to that of parents.

Question 32.
A study found that children with tight-coloured eyes are likely to have parents with lieht- coloured eves. On this basis, can we say whether the lisht eve colour trait is dominant or recessive? Why or why not?
Answer:
On the basis of the information provided, it is difficult to say if light colour of eye is a dominant trait or a recessive trait. However if the eye colours of both the parents were known along with the knowledge of whether the genes contributing for it are dominant or recessive type, then the nature of the trait could have been predicted.

Question 33.
A man with blood group A marries a woman with blood group O and their daughter has blood group O. Is this information enough to tell you which of the traits – blood group A or O – is dominant? Why or why not?
Answer:
The information provided here is not enough to decide whether the trait for blood group A is dominant or the trait for blood group O is dominant. Either is possible as the individual carries two alleles for a trait. Recessive trait appears only when the two alleles are similar (homozygous). In the present case, there can be two possibilities

Possibility 1: When blood group A is dominant trait but blood group O is recessive trait: When father’s blood group A is dominant trait, it can have two genotypes: IAIA and IAI°. And when mother’s blood group O is recessive trait it can have only one genotype: I°I° (because it should have two recessive alleles). Now, if one recessive allele 1° comes from father and one recessive allele 1° comes from mother, then the daughter can also have the genotype I°I° which can give her blood group O.

Possibility 2: When blood group A is recessive trait but blood group O is dominant trait: When father’s blood group A is recessive trait, it can have only one genotype: IAIA (because it should have two recessive alleles). And when mother’s blood group O is dominant trait, then it can have two genotypes: I°I° and I°IA. Now, if one dominant allele 1° comes from the mother and one recessive allele IA comes from the father, the daughter will have the genotype I°IA which will again give her blood group O.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 34.
What is dihybrid cross? What is the dihybrid ratio obtained in the F2 generation by Mendel in his experiments on inheritance of characteristics?
Answer:
Show this with the help of a checker board. Mendelian crosses in which two pairs of contrasting characteristics are taken into consideration at a time are called dihybrid cross. The dihybrid ratio obtained by Mendel in the F2 generation was 9:3:3:1.

This means that for every nine tall plants with red flowers, there were three tall plants with white flowers and three dwarf plants with red flowers. There was one dwarf plant with white flowers for every nine tall plants with red flowers.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution 5

  • Dihybrid ratio of the phenotype is 9:3:3:1
  • Tall plants with red flowers: 9
  • Tall plants with white flowers: 3
  • Dwarf plants with red flowers: 3
  • Dwarf plants with white flowers: 1.

Question 35.
What are chromosomes?
Answer:
A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes is called chromosome. Chromosomes bear genes, which are composed of DNA. Genes are responsible for the transmission of hereditary characteristics from one generation to another.

Question 36.
What is DNA?
Answer:
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is a macromolecule found in chromosomes of living beings and carries the genetic information of the organism.

Question 37.
Define gene.
Answer:
A segment of DNA that forms the hereditary unit is called a gene.

Question 38.
How is the sex of the child determined in human beings?

OR

Explain the process of sex determination in human beings.
Answer:
The sex of a child in humans is determined by the kind of male gamete (sperm) that fertilizes the female gamete (ovum). If a sperm carrying X chromosome fertilizes the ovum, the child will be a girl. If a sperm carrying Y chromosome fertilizes the ovum, the child will be a boy.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution 6

question 39.
Write the differences between the sex chromosomes of man and the sex chromosomes of woman.
Answer:
A woman has a pair of identical sex chromosomes namely XX. A man has a normal sized chromosome called X and a shorter chromosome called Y. Thus the sex linked chromosome in a man are XY.

Question 40.
Sex of a child is determined by the father. How?
Answer:
A mother can give only X chromosome to her progeny. The father can give either X or Y chromosome. A child who gets X chromosome from the father will be a girl and a child who gets Y chromosome from the father will be a boy. Thus the sex of a child is determined by the father.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 41.
How is the equal genetic contribution of male and female parents ensured in the progeny?
Answer:
In human beings, equal genetic contribution of male and female parents is ensured in the progeny through inheritance of equal number of chromosomes from both parents. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes. All human chromosomes are not paired. Out of these 23 pairs, the first 22 pairs are known as autosomes and the remaining one pair is known as sex chromosome represented as X and Y.

Females have a perfect pair of two X sex chromosomes and males have a mismatched pair of one X and one Y sex chromosome. During the course of reproduction, as fertilisation takes place, the male gamete (haploid) fuses with the female gamete (haploid) resulting in formation of the diploid zygote.

The zygote in the progeny receives an equal contribution of genetic material from the parents. Out of 23 pairs of chromosomes in progeny, male parent contributes 22 autosomes and one X or Y chromosome and female parent contributes 22 autosomes and one X chromosome.

Question 42.
What are acquired traits? Give an example.
Answer:
A trait of an organism, which is not inherited from parents but develops in response to the environment, is called an acquired trait. For example, a person may learn the skills of skating during her lifetime. This trait is not passed on to the person from her parents through genes. Thus, acquired traits are not inherited.

Question 43.
What are inherited traits? Give an example.
Answer:
Those traits that come to an individual from parents through gene transfer and hence can be passed on to the next generation through genes are called inherited traits. For example, colour of eyes, hair texture, etc., are inherited traits.

Question 44.
Why are traits acquired during the lifetime of an individual not inherited?
Answer:
Traits acquired during the lifetime of an individual just enable an individual to adapt itself to the surrounding and do not change the genetic make up of the organism. An acquired trait involves change in non-reproductive tissues, which cannot be passed on to germ cells or the progeny. Therefore, these traits cannot be inherited.

Question 45.
Rana’s father is a wrestler and has a robust body. His son is thin and has a relatively weak body structure.

  1. Is it true that a wrestler’s son should also have heavy muscles?
  2. What type of character is it – acquired or inherited?
  3. If you are Rana’s friend, how will you convince him that his son is normal?

Answer:
1. It is not necessary that a wrestler’s son should also have heavy muscles.

2. Having heavy muscles in the body is an acquired trait. They are not inherited through genes. Heavy muscles can be acquired by regular exercising and good diet.

3. We can convince Rana by telling him that traits like heavy muscles are not inherited but are acquired in one’s lifetime. His son can start exercising on a regular basis and take nutritious food and develop muscles just like his father. If he is not as strong as his father, there is also a possibility that he has inherited more traits from his mother.

Question 46.
What is DNA copying? What is its importance?
Answer:
The process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules is called DNA copying. DNA copying gains tremendous importance during cell division. DNA copying during cell division ensures the restoration of the same genetic information in the next generation of cells.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 47.
What are the different wavs in which individuals with a particular trait may increase in a population?
Answer:
Traits arise due to variations, which occur due to sexual reproduction of inaccuracies during DNA copying or environmental factors. Individuals with a particular trait may increase in a population due to the following factors:

  1. Natural selection: Those variations, which give survival advantage to an organism, are selected in nature and such traits increase in the population.
  2. Genetic drift: It occurs due to change in gene frequency due to accumulation of particular type of genes.
  3. Geographical isolation: It leads to change in gene frequency leading to expression of one type of trait in a eographically isolated population.
  4. Migration: It leads to flow of a particular type of gene in a specified population.

Question 48.
Why are the small number of surviving tigers a cause of worry from the point of view of genetics?
Answer:
The small number of tiger population does not allow large number of variations to occur. Wider range of variations are however essential for the survival of the species. A deadly disease or calamity may cause death of all of the few remaining tigers. The small number of tigers also indicates that existing tiger variants are not well adapted to the existing environment and hence may be facing threat of extinction.

Question 49.
What is speciation ? How does it happen? Explain.
Answer:
The evolutionary process that leads to the formation of new but distinct species from the main population of an existing species is known as speciation. The new species that are formed have a distinct genetic composition that is different from the main population and therefore interbreeding between the members of the main population and those of the new population is not possible.

Speciation occurs when a population exhibits a continuous change due to changes in the environment. These unit changes get accumulated over a period of time in a section of the population which slowly alter the individual’s genetic structure and functions to give rise to a new species.

Question 50.
With the help of the following pattern briefly explain the reason for

  • DNA stability,
  • Variation phenomenon found in successive generations of species.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution 7
Answer:
A close observation of the given diagram reveals that the DNA molecule has a double helical structure with two strands twisted in a twisted ladder shape. All molecules of DNA have the same twisted ladder structure, which is highly stable. The double helix structure of DNA gives the DNA molecule its physical and chemical properties as well as stability. The stability of DNA structure helps the strands to hold together.

Sexual reproduction involves two parents and hence produces relatively large number of variations due to DNA crossing over. A few variations will also occur due to errors in DNA copying. The two parents pass on the accumulated variations to their progeny.

Hence their progeny would be unequal as they inherit traits from both parents. In asexual reproduction, however, the organisms have only fewer variations due to errors in DNA copying. Variations in organisms are the key for evolution.

Question 51.
What is genetic drift? Explain with an example.
Answer:
A random change (happens strictly by chance) in the gene pool of a small population is called genetic drift. Consider the example of an exploding volcano that destroys almost all of the most common trees on a small island. Over time, the types of trees that were not affected by the volcano continue to flourish, while the population of the tree that was once common in the area would dwindle.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 52.
What factors could lead to the rise of a new species?
Answer:
The factors that could lead to the rise of a new species are
1. By natural selection:
Organisms with a particular trait may be naturally selected because it provided a survival advantage. That particular trait may thus increase in the population. It may direct evolution of species population by adaptations to fit their environment better.

2. Genetic drift and inheritance:
An accident in small populations may result in surviving of organisms with a particular variant only. This can increase the frequency of some genes in that population, even if they give no survival advantage. This is the notion of genetic drift, which provides diversity without any adaptations.

Question 53.
Read the following information and answer the given questions:

  • Thousands of years ago only one species of squirrels was there and were evolved from a common ancestor.
  • At present there are two species of squirrels; though they have similarities among them, they cannot perform reproduction between them.
  1. Analyze the factor responsible for this change.
  2. How can this kind of changes be considered as beneficial for a species?

Answer:
1. In this case, two species of squirrels have emerged from a single common ancestral species. This has happened through a process called speciation. Speciation is an evolutionary process that has led to the formation of new but distinct species of squirrels from the main population of the pre-existing species of squirrels.

The new species of squirrels has a distinct genetic composition that is different from that of the main population. Therefore interbreeding between the members of the main population of squirrels and those of the new population is not possible. Speciation occurs due to the variations that exist among the members of the species.

These variations might have occurred due to natural selection, geographical isolation or genetic drift. Any one or a combination of these factors might have contributed to the evolution of a new species of squirrels over several generations. Speciation occurs because the individual members of a species (squirrels in this case) show lot of variation.

Some of these variations are favourable to the organisms. These favourable variations are transmitted to the progeny. These unit changes (variations) get accumulated over a period of time in a section of the population, which slowly alter the individual’s genetic structure and give rise to a new species of squirrels.

2. There is competition amongst the members of a given species for resources leading to struggle for existence. In this struggle, only the most adaptable will survive and reproduce. This produces young one’s that are better adapted for the next phase of struggle for existence.

These variations get accumulated over several generations leading to the emergence of new species that are distinct from the original species. This is called descent with modification. Thus the variations favour the survival of species and the emergence of better-adapted new species.

Question 54.
What is geographical isolation? How does it occur?
Answer:
The separation of two populations of the same species by a physical barrier, such as a mountain or body of water, is known as geographical isolation. Geographical isolation of a species occurs as a result of physical changes in the natural environment.

Any physical barrier such as a mountain or a water body that separates two populations of the same species results in geographical isolation and may lead to speciation.

Question 55.
Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of a self-oollinatine plant species? Why or why not?
Answer:
Geographical isolation can prevent cross-pollination with flowers of different plants. Since the plants are capable of self-pollination, the pollens are transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of the same flower or of another flower of the same plant and its distance from other plants hardly affects its reproduction.

Moreover, self-pollinated plants rarely show variations in characters. Therefore, geographical isolation cannot prevent speciation in the given case.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 56.
Will eeoeraphical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of an organism that reproduces asexually? Why or why not?
Answer:
No, geographical isolation cannot be a major factor in the speciation of an organism that reproduces asexually. This is because, asexually reproducing organisms pass on the parent DNA almost entirely to the offspring. This leaves no chance for speciation. However, geographical isolation works as a major factor in sexual reproduction involving cross-pollination.

Question 57.
Give an example of characteristics beine used to determine how close two species are in evolutionary terms.
Answer:
Presence of some common characteristics in two different species indicates a close relationship among them. For example, fossil studies indicate the presence of feathers in some ancient reptiles like dinosaurs.

However these animals used feather only to get some protection from cold and could not use them to fly. Birds evolved further and adapted the feathers for flight. This means that birds are very closely related to reptiles. In fact, birds are known to have evolved from reptiles.

Question 58.
What is organic evolution?
Answer:
The slow emergence of well adapted newer forms of organisms from pre-existing simpler organisms through modifications that occurred over millions of years is known as organic evolution.

Question 59.
What evidence do we have for the orisin of life from inanimate matter?
Answer:
The experiment conducted by Miller and Urey provides evidence for the origin of life from inanimate matter. These scientists took molecules of compounds that existed on early earth such as methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen (H2), and water (H2O) in a specially designed glass jar.

They provided energy for the interaction of these molecules in the form of an electric arc to simulate lightning storms. At the end of one week, they observed that as much as 10-15% of the carbon was now in the form of organic compounds. Two percent of the carbon had formed some of the amino acids which are used to make proteins.

This experiment showed that organic compounds such as amino acids, which are essential to cellular life, could be made easily under conditions that scientists believed to be present on early earth. This also gave support to the idea that life evolved from inanimate matter.

Question 60.
What is the theory proposed by Charles Darwin to explain organic evolution?
Answer:
The theory developed by Charles Darwin is called ‘theory of natural selection’. It is also known as Darwinism.

Question 61.
What are the main ideas of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection?
Answer:
The following are the key points of Darwin’s theory of evolution

  • Existence of variation: There is variation in characteristics in every population.
  • Overproduction: All organisms tend to produce more offspring than can survive.
  • Struggle for existence: Organisms compete for limited resources.
  • Survival of the fittest: Only those individuals, which have most favourable variations, will survive and reproduce. Darwin called this ‘natural selection’.
  • Inheritance: Organisms with favourable adaptive characteristics will pass on their traits to their offspring.
    Origin of species: The accumulated changes over a long period of time lead to the emergence of new species.

Question 62.
What is natural selection? What is its consequence?
Answer:
The process by which nature selects individuals with the most favourable traits to survive and reproduce is known as natural selection.
As a consequence of natural selection, individuals in a given species with most favourable adaptations will survive.

Those with less favourable adaptations perish. As a result, individuals with favourable characteristics become more common in successive generations of a population and those with unfavourable characteristics become less common.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 63.
According to Darwin’s theory, how do new species originate?
Answer:
Darwin proposed in his theory that new species originate by natural selection. In the struggle for existence, only the fittest will survive and reproduce. This produces young ones which are better adapted for the next phase of struggle for existence. Darwin called it descent with modification. As the environment is ever changing, it demands new variations in the organisms.

Gradually new characters are accumulated in the offspring across generations. These accumulated changes over a long period of time will produce offspring, which vary in a major way from their original ancestors and hence will form new species.

Question 64.
What is artificial selection? Give an example.
Answer:
The process in which human beings artificially produce new plants or animals with improved characteristics through selective breeding is known as artificial selection.

The wild cabbage plant is a good example for artificial selection. Humans have, over more than two thousand years, cultivated wild cabbage as a food plant. They have generated different vegetables from it by artificial selection.

Question 65.
Mention some of the evidences that support evolution of life.
Answer:
The evidences that support evolution of life include the following

  • Fossil evidences
  • Presence of homologous organs
  • Presence of analogous organs.

Question 66.
How are the areas of study – evolution and classification – interlinked?
Answer:
The classification of organisms is a reflection of their evolutionary relationships. Classification is based on similarities and differences amongst organisms the more characteristics two organisms have in common, the more closely they are related and the more recently thpy will have had a common ancestor in the evolutionary chain the more different characteristics two organisms have, the more remotely they are related and they will have had a common ancestor in the more remote past.

Question 67.
What are fossils? Where are fossils usually found?
Answer:
The naturally preserved remains or impressions of a prehistoric plant or animal that had lived in the geological past are called fossils. Fossils are usually found between layers of rocks in petrified (rocky) form.

Question 68.
Which are the three basic types of fossils?
Answer:
Fossils are commonly found in the following forms

  • Fossils in the form of actual remains,
  • Petrified fossils, and
  • Moulds and casts.

Question 69.
Name the fossil bird that had characteristics of both reptiles and birds.
Answer:
The fossil bird that had characteristics of both reptiles and birds was archaeopteryx.

Question 70.
What do fossils tell us about evolution of life on earth?

OR

What are fossils? What do they tell us about the process of evolution?
Answer:
Fossils are the dead and decayed remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago. Fossils indicate that the present day organisms have evolved from previously existing ones. Thus fossils help us to reconstruct the evolutionary history of an organism.

The distribution pattern of fossils shows that the ancient fossils present in the bottom rocks are simpler, while the most recent fossils found in the upper strata are more highly evolved. It means, fossils form and become more and more complex as we proceed from earliest to recent rocks.

They give us an idea of time in history when different species were formed or became extinct. Fossils also help to trace the evolutionary history of some organisms.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 71.
Explain the importance of fossils in decidtne evolutionary relationships.
Answer:
Fossils are the remains of organisms formed over millions of years ago. Evolutionary relationship tells us how closely two organisms are related in the evolutionary tree. The fossils are an easy way of understanding the ancient species and also it helps us to find the missing link in the evolutionary tree.

By knowing more about the organism that lived so many centuries ago, we can understand the changes in the body designs and functions that led to the creation of species in due course of evolution and also evolution itself.

We get to understand the prehistoric period and the geographical changes that might have given rise to the organisms by analysing the structure of the organisms in fossils. Fossils are the key to understand the similarity between organisms and create a hierarchy that would help to classify the organisms and learn them easily without having learnt about all the organisms that ever survived.

A study of fossils helps us to know about the evolution of species. Fossils tell us how new species are developed from the old. Therefore, fossils have an importance in deciding evolutionary relationships.

Question 72.
Explain the terms analoeous and homologous organs with examples.
Answer:
Homologous organs:
The organs in different groups of organisms, which have the same basic structural design and origin but perform different functions, are called homologous organs.

For example, the forelimbs of a frog, a bird and a man have the same basic design of bones, but they perform different functions (frogs use them to jump, birds use them to fly and man use them to grasp).

Analogous qrgans:
The organs in different groups of organisms, which have different basic structural design and origin but have similar functions, are called analogous organs.

For example, the wings of birds and insects have different structural design but perform the same function, that is, assisting in flight. Therefore, they are analogous organs.

Question 73.
Write the differences between homologous organs and analogous organs.
Answer:

Homologous organs Analogous organs
1. Organs of different organisms have common origin. Organs of different organisms have different origins.                                                 •
2. They have similar structures but perform different functions. They have different structures but perform similar functions.
3. Ex: Forelimbs of frog and forelimbs of bird. Ex: Wings of bird and wings of bat.

Question 74.
Can the wine of a butterfly and the wine of a bat be considered homologous organs? Why or why not?
Answer:
Homologous organs are those that have the same basic structural design but perform different functions. Analogous organs are those organs that have different basic structural design but perform similar functions.

The structure of the wings of a butterfly and that of a bat are different but perform the same function. They help in flying. Therefore the wings of a butterfly and that of a bat are analogous organs and not homologous organs.

Question 75.
Is it necessary that organisms with homologous organs always have a common ancestor?
Answer:
Yes, organisms with homologous organs will have a common ancestor. This is because these organs have similar basic structure and similar embryonic origin. However, the organs are modified to perform different functions in different organisms.

Question 76.
Justify the following statements with one illustration each:

  1. Though organs of different organisms have more similarities in the shapes of organs, they need not be evolved from a common ancestor.
  2. Though variations are more between organisms, they might have evolved from a common ancestor.

Answer:
1. We see instances of different organisms having organs that are similar in shape but not evolved from a common ancestor. These are known as analogous organs. For example, birds, insects and bats have wings, and they all perform the same function, but they did not evolve from a common ancestor. Their wings work on different principles.

2. We see instances of more variations between the organisms but they have evolved from a common ancestor. These are called homologous organs. For example, the forelimbs of a frog, a bird and a man have the same basic design but perform different functions. Frogs use them to jump, birds use them to fly and humans use them to grasp.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 77.
Why are human beines who look so different from each other in terms of size, colour and looks said to belong to the same species?
Answer:
All human beings, even though they look different from each other in terms of size, colour and looks, belong to the same species because they have similar DNA sequences and have descended from the same ancestors. Further, human beings are capable of reproducing among themselves. These variations that we find in humans have arisen due to environmental factors, mutation or mixing of characters during reproduction.

Question 78.
In evolutionary terms, can we say which among bacteria, spider, fish and chimpanzee have a *better’ body design? Why or why not?
Answer:
Evolution is the generation of diversity due to environmental selection. Evolution has led to the emergence of more and more body designs over time. Among bacteria, spider, fish and chimpanzee, we can say that the chimpanzees have a better body design because their body design is highly complex with specialized body tissues and organs.

Chimpanzees are better adapted than others to survive in the present day environment. Therefore, we can say that from among the given set of organisms, chimpanzees are. better evolved and have a ‘better’ body design.

Question 79.
Is it true that human beings have evolved from chimpanzees? Justify your answer.
answer:
It is not true that human beings have evolved from chimpanzees. However, both human beings and chimpanzees have descended from a common ancestor. It is quite unlikely that the common ancestor is neither humans nor chimpanzees.

Also, the first step of separation from that ancestor is unlikely to have resulted in modem chimpanzees and human beings. Instead, the two resultant species have probably evolved in their own separate ways to give rise to the current forms.

Question 80.
Cat’s paw, human hand and horse’s legs – are these organs homologous or analogous? Give reason.
Answer:
Cat’s paw, human hand and horse’s legs are all homologous organs because they are of same origin (modified forearm) but perform different functions.

Question 81.
Is it fair to say that the body structure of the organisms that have emerged recently is more efficient than that of those that evolved earlier? Explain.
Answer:
It is not true that the body structure of recently evolved organisms is more efficient than that of those which evolved earlier. Many of the organisms that evolved earlier and have simpler body design are still well adapted to their conditions and are surviving in the environment.

Many of the simpler organisms are best adapted to survive in most inhospitable conditions. Therefore, there is no justification to argue that recently evolved organisms are better than those that evolved earlier. In other words, human beings are not spread across the world in stages.

Question 82.
What are the techniques commonly used to study human evolution?
Answer:
The tools such as excavating, time dating, studying fossils and determining DNA sequences are commonly used to study human evolution. These are the same techniques that are used to trace evolutionary relationships.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 83.
What is the scientific name of human beings? Where did they originate first?
Answer:
The scientific name of humans is Homo sapiens. The earliest members of Homo sapiens have been traced to Africa. Our genetic footprints can be traced back to our African roots.

Question 84.
How and why did human race spread from Africa to other parts of the world?
Answer:
The earliest members of the human species can be traced back to our African roots. A couple of hundred thousand years ago, some of the early humans left Africa while others stayed on. While the residents spread across Africa, the migrants slowly spread across the planet. Their movement however was not linear.

They went forwards and backwards, with groups sometimes separating from each other, sometimes coming back to mix with each other, even moving in and out of Africa. Thus, study of the evolution of human beings indicates that all of us belong to a single species that evolved in Africa and

Fill In The Blanks

1. The plant used by Mendel to study the inheritance of characteristics was pea plant
2. The heredity material in all eukaryotes is DNA
3. The scientist who is called the father of modem genetics is Gregor Mendel
4. The scientist who gave the most acceptable theory about the origin of life was J.B.S. Haldane
5. The units of inheritance are called genes
6. Darwin’s theory of organic evolution is known as natural selection
7. The monohybrid ratio in Mendel’s experiment was 3:1
8. The gene with two identical alleles is said to be homozygous

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
A Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding tall pea plants bearing violet flowers with short pea plants bearing white flowers. The progeny all bore violet flowers, but almost half of them were short This suggests that the genetic make-up of the tall parent can be depicted as
(A) TTWW
(B) TTww
(C) TtWW
(D) TtWw
Answer:
(C) TtWW

Question 2.
An example of homologous organs is
(A) our arm and a dog’s foreleg.
(B) our teeth and an elephant’s tusks.
(C) potato and runners of grass.
(D) all of the above.
Answer:
(D) all of the above.

Question 3.
The critical determinant of the sex of a male child is the
(A) X-chromosome in the zygote.
(B) Y-chromosome in the zygote.
(C) Cytoplasm of germ cell.
(D) Environmental factor.
Answer:
(B) Y-chromosome in the zygote.

Question 4.
Exchange of genetic material takes place only in
(A) vegetative reproduction
(B) asexual reproduction
(C) sexual reproduction
(D) budding
Answer:
(C) sexual reproduction

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 5.
A cross between a tall plant (TT) and a short pea plant (tt) resulted in progeny that were all tall plants because
(A) tallness is the dominant trait
(B) shortness is the dominant trait
(C) tallness is the recessive trait
(D) height of pea plant is not governed by gene ‘T’ or ‘t’
Answer:
(A) tallness is the dominant trait

Question 6.
Father of Human genetics is
(A) Gregor Mendel
(B) Charles Darwin
(C) Sir Archibald Garrod
(D) J. B. S. Haldane
Answer:
(A) Gregor Mendel

Question 7.
The tendency of offspring to differ from parents is called
(A) heredity
(B) inheritance
(C) resemblance
(D) variation
Answer:
(D) variation

Question 8.
The character, which predominates and is clearly seen in F1 generation, is said to be
(A) acquired
(B) dominant
(C) recessive
(D) inherited
Answer:
(B) dominant

Question 9.
In peas, a pure tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt). The ratio of pure tall plants to short plants in F2 is
(A) 1: 3
(B) 1 : 1
(C) 2:1
(D) 3: 1
Answer:
(D) 3: 1

Question 10.
If a round, green seeded pea plant (RR yy) is crossed with wrinkled, yellow seeded pea plant, (rr YY) the seeds produced in F1 generation are
(A) wrinkled and yellow
(B) round and green
(C) round and yellow
(D) wrinkled and green
Answer:
(C) round and yellow

Question 11.
How life might have originated on earth was experimentally shown by
(A) Gregor Mendel
(B) Oparin and Haldane
(C) Urey and Miller
(D) Watson and Crick
Answer:
(C) Urey and Miller

Question 12.
A gamete contains
(A) all alleles of an organism
(B) two alleles
(C) three alleles
(D) only one allele of a gene
Answer:
(D) only one allele of a gene

Question 13.
The two versions of a trait (character), which are brought in by the male and female gametes, are situated on
(A) copies of the same chromosome
(B) two different chromosomes
(C) sex chromosomes
(D) any chromosome
Answer:
(A) copies of the same chromosome

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 14.
Surgically removing tails of mice over several generations does not yield mice without tails. This proves that
(A) cutting the tail does not cause genetic change. So it is not inherited.
(B) characters acquired during one’s lifetime are not inherited.
(C) neither A nor B is correct
(D) both A and B are correct
Answer:
(D) both A and B are correct

Question 15.
The variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce is called
(A) Gene flow
(B) Genetic drift
(C) Genetic error
(D) Genetic inheritance
Answer:
(B) Genetic drift

Question 16.
Select the correct statement from among the following
(A) The eyes of octopus and vertebrates are homologous organs.
(B) The limbs of amphibians and mammals are analogous organs.
(C) The wings of birds and limbs of lizards are analogous organs.
(D) The wings of birds and wings of bats are homologous organs.
Answer:
(D) The wings of birds and wings of bats are homologous organs.

Question 17.
According to evolutionary theory, formation of a new species is generally due to
(A) sudden creation by nature
(B) accumulation of variations over several generations
(C) clones formed during asexual reproduction
(D) movement of individuals from one habitat to another
Answer:
(B) accumulation of variations over several generations

Question 18.
In evolutionary terms, we have more in common with
(A) a Chinese schoolboy
(B) chimpanzee
(C) spider
(D) bacterium.
Answer:
(A) a Chinese schoolboy

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution

Question 19.
Identify the correct pair of analogous organs among the following
(A) The forelimb of man and the forelimb of a frog
(B) The wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat
(C) The wing of a bird and the wing of a bat
(D) The forelimb of a lizard and the forelimb of a frog.
Answer:
(C) The wing of a bird and the wing of a bat

Match The Following

Column A Column B
1. Heredity (a) Development of new organism by modifications in pre-existing ones
3.  Genetics (b) Transmission of characters from parent to offspring
4.  Variation (c) Alleles representing the same trait
4.  Evolution (d) A fossil bird
5. Archaeopteryx (e) Branch of science that deals with heredity and variation
(f) Differences among the individuals of same species

Answer:
1 – b, 2 – e; 3 – f, 4 – a, 5 – d.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

   

Students can download Class 10 Science Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World Important Questions, KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Science Important Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Science Important Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 1.
Draw a neat diagram of the human eye and label the parts.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 1

Question 2.
What is the screen of the human eye called?
Answer:
The screen of the human eye is called retina.

Question 3.
What type of lens is present in the human eye? What is its function?
Answer:
In the human eye, there is a convex lens. The eye-lens provides the finer adjustment of focal length so that the light rays from objects get focussed on the retina of the eye.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 4.
What is cornea? What is its Junction?
Answer:
The transparent portion of the outermost coat of the human eye is called cornea. Cornea refracts most of the light rays that enter the eye and direct them to the retina.

Question 5.
What is pupil of the eye? Write its function.
Answer:
The opening of the iris through which light enters the eye is called pupil. The pupil regulates and controls the amount of light that enters the eye by adjusting its diameter. This is achieved by contraction and dilation of the iris.

Question 6.
What is the function of ciliary muscles of our eye?
Answer:
Ciliary muscles of our eye hold the eye lens in position. These muscles help to adjust the focal length of the eye lens for seeing both nearby and distant objects.

Question 7.
Name the diaphragm that controls the size of thepupiL
Answer:
The muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil is called iris.

Question 8.
What is the nature of the image formed on the retina of the eye?
Answer:
The image formed on the retina is real, inverted and smaller than the object.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 9.
What is the function of the optic nerves?
Answer:
The optic nerves in our eyes transmit the image formed on the retina to the brain in the form of electrical signals.

Question 10.
What is meant by power of accommodation of the eve?
Answer:
Our eye can focus clearly all objects that are beyond 25 cm by adjusting the focal length of its lens. The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called power of accommodation.

Question 11.
What happens to the image distance in the eve when we increase the distance of an object from the eve?
Answer:
When the distance of an object from the eye is increased, the image distance remains same. The eye forms the image on the retina by adjusting the focal length of its lens.

Question 12.
How does the curvature of the eye lens change when eye is viewing

  1. Nearby objects
  2. Distant objects?

Answer:
The curvature of the eye lens will increase while viewing distant objects and the curvature of the eye lens will decrease while viewing nearby objects.

Question 13.
What is the near point of the human eve with normal vision?

OR

What is meant by least distance of distinct vision? What is its value?
Answer:
The minimum distance, at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called the least distance of distinct vision. It is also called the near point of the eye. The value of least distance of distinct vision of the human eye is 25 cm.

Question 14.
Why is a normal eve not able to see objects placed closer than 25 cm clearly?
Answer:
Our eye can adjust the focal length of its eye lens to enable us to see both nearby and distant objects clearly. However, the focal length of the eye lens cannot be decreased below a certain minimum limit. Therefore, the object must be held at certain minimum distance to be seen clearly. This minimum distance is about 25 cm for a normal eye. Objects closer than this minimum distance cannot be seen without discomfort and strain to the eye.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 15.
What is far point of the human eve with normal vision?
Answer:
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye. The far point of a normal human eye is infinity.

Question 16.
What is the range within which a normal human eye can see objects clearly?
Answer:
A. normal human eye can see all objects clearly which are between 25 cm and infinity.

Question 17.
What is cataract? How does it affect vision? How can it be corrected?
Answer:
Sometimes, the crystalline lens of our eye may lose its transparency and become milky and cloudy. This condition is called cataract. Cataract causes partial or complete loss of vision. Cataract is corrected and vision can be restored through a cataract surgery. In this surgery, the lens is removed and replaced by a synthetic lens.

Question 18.
Which are the common defects of vision that can be corrected by using spherical lenses?
Answer:
There are mainly three common defects of vision, which can be easily corrected with spherical lenses. They are:

  1. Myopia or near-sightedness,
  2. Hypermetropia or far-sightedness, and
  3. Presbyopia.

Question 19.
What is myopia? How is it caused?
Answer:
A defect of the eye that causes light to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it, resulting in an inability to see distant objects clearly is called myopia. It is also called shortsightedness. A person with this defect has the far point nearer than infinity.
Myopia may arise due to any or both of the following reasons:

  1. Excessive curvature of the eye lens, and
  2. Elongation of the eyeball.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 20.
Draw a diagram showing the image formation in a normal eye and myopic eye while viewing distant objects.
Answer:
1. Normal eye:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 2

2. Myopia (short sighted):
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 3

Question 21.
How is myopia corrected? Show this by a suitable diagram.

OR

Name the lens used to correct myopia.

OR

Draw diagrams to show

  1. Far point of a myopic eye,
  2. Myopic eye and
  3. Correction for myopia.

Answer:
Myopia can be corrected by using spectacles fitted with concave lenses of suitable power.
1. Far point of a myopic eye:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 4

2. Myopic Eye:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 5

3. correction for myopia:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 6

Question 22.
A person is wearing spectacles with concave lenses. What is the defect of vision he is suffering from?
Answer:
The person who is wearing spectacles with concave lenses is suffering from a defect called myopia or short-sightedness. This person has difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 23.
A person with a myopic eve cannot see objects beyond 1.2 m distinctly. What type of corrective lens should be used to restore proper vision?
Answer:
The person with myopic eye has inability to see distant objects clearly. This person has far point nearer than infinity. This defect can be corrected and vision can be restored by using spectacles fitted with concave lens of suitable power.

Question 24.
A student has difficulty readme the blackboard while sitting in the last row. What could be the defect the child is suffering from? How can it be corrected?
Answer:
The student who has difficulty in reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row is having myopia or shortsightedness. This defect can be corrected by using spectacles fitted with concave lenses of suitable power.

Question 25.
The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eve. What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem?
Answer:
The person whose far point is 80 cm is having myopia as the far point of the eye is nearer than infinity. The person cannot see distant objects clearly. This problem can be corrected by using spectacles fitted with concave lenses (diverging lenses) of suitable power. Let us now calculate the power of the lens required to correct the problem.
Data: Object distance, u = -80 cm, image distance v = infinity (∞), focal length f = ?, power P = ?
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 7
Concave lens of power -1.25 D must be used to correct the defect.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 26.
How does the use of concave lenses in spectacles restore the vision of distant objects in a myopic person?
Answer:
A person having myopia has difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly as the light from distant objects is brought to focus not on the retina but in front of it. Using spectacles with concave lenses will correct this condition. A concave lens of suitable power will bring the image back on to the retina and thus the defect is corrected.

Question 27.
What is hypermetropia? How is it caused?
Answer:
A defect of the eye that causes light to focus behind the retina instead of directly on it, resulting in an inability to see nearby objects clearly is called hypermetropia. It is also called long-sightedness. A person with this defect has the near point farther than 25 cm.
Hypermetropia may arise due to any or both of the following reasons:

  1. The focal length of the eye lens is too long.
  2. Contraction of the eyeball.

Question 28.
Draw neat diagrams to show

  1. Near point of a hypermetropic eye, and
  2. Hypermetropic eye.

Answer:
1. Near point of a hypermetropic eye:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 8

2. Hypermetropic eye:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 9

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 29.
How is hypermetropia corrected? Show this by a suitable diagram.

OR

Make a diagram to show how hypermetropia is corrected.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 10
Hypermetropia can be corrected by using spectacles fitted with convex lenses of suitable power.

Question 30.
Observe the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 11

  1. Name the defect of vision represented in the diagram above. Justify your answer.
  2. Show by a diagram the correction of this defect.

Answer:
1. The defect of vision represented in the diagram is hypermetropia. This means the person has difficulty in seeing nearby objects clearly. The person is not able to see clearly an object kept at the normal near point of the eye.

2. Hypermetropia corrected:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 12

Question 31.
Observe the figure given. Name the eye defect indicated in the figure and also mention the lens
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 13
The defect of the eye shown in the figure given is called myopia or short-sightedness. It can be corrected by using spectacles with concave lenses of suitable power.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 32.
A man can read the route number of a distant bus clearly but he finds difficulty in reading a book. From which defect of the eye is he suffering from? What type of spectacles lens should be used to correct the defect?
Answer:
Since the man cannot see nearby objects (letters in the book) clearly, he is suffering from the defect of vision called hypermetropia. Hypermetropia is corrected by using spectacles containing convex lenses of suitable power.

Question 33.
The near point of a hypermetropic eve is 1 m. What is the power of the lens required to correct this defect? Assume that the near point of the normal eve is 25 cm.
Answer:
The image of the object at 25 cm must be shifted to a distance of lm for the object to be seen clearly. Given: Object distance, u = -25 cm; image distance, v = -1 m = -100 cm; focal length, f = ?; power, P = ?
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 14
A convex lens of power +3 D must be used to correct the defect.

Question 14.
What is presbyopia? Explain. How can it be corrected?
Answer:
Long-sightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye, occurring typically in middle and old age is called presbyopia.

The power of accommodation of the eye usually decreases with ageing. For most people, the near point gradually recedes away. They find it difficult to see nearby objects comfortably and distinctly without corrective eyeglasses.

Thus, presbyopia arises due to the gradual weakening of the ciliary muscles and diminishing flexibility of the eye lens. Presbyopia can be corrected by using spectacles fitted with convex lenses of suitable power.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 35.
Some people in old age develop both myopia and hypermetropia. How can this problem be corrected?
Answer:
Sometimes, a person in old age may suffer from both myopia and hypermetropia. Such people require bifocal lenses for correcting their eye defect. A common type of bifocal lens consists of both concave and convex lenses. The upper portion consists of a concave lens. It facilitates distant vision. The lower part is a convex lens. It facilitates near vision.

Question 36.
A person needs a lens of power -5.5 dioptres for correcting his distant vision. For correcting his near vision he needs a lens of power +1.5 dioptre. What is the focal length of the lens required for correcting

  1. Distant vision
  2. Near vision?

Answer:
The power P of a lens of focal length/is given by the relation P = \(\frac{1}{f}\).
1. Correction for distant vision:
The person needs a lens of power -5.5 dioptre to correct myopia.
Power of the lens P = \(\frac{1}{f}\)
f = \(\frac{1}{p}\)
f = \(\frac{1}{-5.5}\) = – 0.812 m = – 18.2 m.
The person needs a convex lens of focal length 18.2 cm for correcting distant vision.

2. Correction for near vision:
The person is using a lens of power +1.5 dioptre to correct hypermetropia.
Power of the lens P = \(\frac{1}{f}\)
f = \(\frac{1}{p}\)
f = \(\frac{1}{1.5}\) = 0.66 m = 66.66 cm.
The person needs a convex lens of focal length 66.66 cm for correcting near vision.

Question 37.
What is a prism?
Answer:
Prism:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 15
A transparent solid object, made of glass or any other transparent material having two identical triangular bases and bound by lateral surfaces in the form of parallelograms and usqd for separating white light passed through it into a spectrum is called a prism.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 38.
Show by a suitable diagram the path of a light ray through a triangular glass prism. Also show the angle of deviation in the prism.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 16
∠i – Angie of incidence, ∠D = Angle of deviation

Question 39.
What is meant by angle of deviation?
Answer:
When a ray of light passes through a prism, the angle formed between the direction of the incident ray and the emergent ray is called the angle of deviation.

Question 40.
What is meant by dispersion of light?
Answer:
The phenomenon of breaking up of composite light into its constituent colours is called dispersion of light.

Question 41.
How do you demonstrate the dispersion of light through a triangular glass prism?
Answer:
Take a thick sheet of cardboard and make a small hole or a narrow slit in the centre. Allow sunlight to fall on the narrow slit. Now, we get a narrow beam of white light through the hole. Pass the beam of white light through a glass prism.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 17
Turn the prism slowly until the light that comes out of it appears on a nearby screen. A beautiful band of seven colours appears on the screen. This is called visible spectrum. The sequence of colours from the bottom end of the spectrum is violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red.

Question 42.
What causes dispersion of white light in a glass prism?
Answer:
Different colours present in composite light have different wavelengths. These colours travel at the same speed through air but travel at different speeds in a given refracting medium (glass). As a result, the refractive index of glass depends on the colour of light.

The various colours of white light undergo different angles of deviation as they pass through a glass prism. Lights of shorter wavelength deviate most while those of longer wavelengths deviate least. Therefore, the various components of white light separate as they pass through a glass prism.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 43.
Which colour of white light has the longest wavelength and which one has the shortest wavelength? Which colour deviates most and which colour deviates least on passing through a triangular glass prism?

OR

Mention the colour that bends the least and the colour that bends the most when light undergoes dispersion through a prism.
Answer:
Of the colours of white light, red has the longest wavelength and violet has the shortest wavelength. On passing through a prism, the red coloured light deviates least and violet coloured light deviates the most.

Question 44.
How can you show that white light consists of seven colours?

OR

Draw a neat diagram to show the recombination of the spectrum of white light.
Answer:
White light is composite light. This means that white light consists of more than one colour. When a ray of white light is passed through a triangular glass prism, we get a band of seven colours. When these lights are passed through another identical prism held in inverted position, we get back white light. This shows that white light is made up of seven colours.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 18
This shows that white light is a combination of seven colours.

Question 45.
What is spectrum of light? Name the colours present in the spectrum of white light
Answer:
The band of colours obtained by the dispersion of composite light is called spectrum. The spectrum of white light consists of violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red colours.

Question 46.
Mention any four phenomena that can be observed due to atmospheric refraction of light on the earth.
Answer:
The various phenomena that involve refraction of light caused by the atmosphere of the earth are:

  1. Early sunrise and delayed sunset
  2. Twinkling of stars
  3. Formation of rainbow
  4. The apparent random wavering or flickering of objects when seen through a turbulent stream of hot air rising above a fire or a radiator.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 47.
What is formation of rainbow due to? Why can’t we see all the colours in a rainbow?
Answer:
A rainbow is a natural spectrum appearing in the sky after a rain shower. It is formed due to dispersion of sunlight by droplets of water present in the atmosphere. These droplets of water act like tiny prisms and cause the splitting of white light into its constituent colours. We cannot see all the colours in a rainbow because colours overlap.

Question 48.
Name the three major phenomena that contribute to the formation of a rainbow. In which direction do we usually see a rainbow formed in the sky?
Answer:
Three phenomena such as refraction, dispersion and total internal reflection contribute to the formation of a rainbow. The sunrays on entering, water droplets, refract and disperse, then reflect back internally. Finally, the light rays refract again when they come out of the raindrop. Due to the combined effect of refraction, dispersion of light and internal reflection, different colours reach the observer’s eye.

Question 49.
Draw a simple ray diagram showing the refraction, dispersion and total internal reflection happening in a raindrop during the formation of rainbow.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 19

Question 50.
Explain the phenomenon of formation of rainbow in the sky.
Answer:
A rainbow is a natural spectrum caused in the sky due to the combined effect of three phenomena namely refraction, dispersion and total internal reflection. The tiny droplets of water hanging in air act like tiny prisms. When sunlight falls on these water droplets they undergo refraction and break up the constituent colours of sunlight. The raindrops reflect the dispersed light internally. When this light enters our eyes the rainbow is seen in the sky.

Question 51.
The atmosphere surrounding the earth is composed of air. How does refraction occur within the atmosphere although there is only one medium such as air?
Answer:
The air just above the earth becomes hotter than the air further up. The hotter air is less dense than the cooler air above it. Therefore, these layers of air with different density have slightly different refractive index. This is why light gets refracted while passing through different layers of the atmosphere. This is known as atmospheric refraction.

Question 52.
We observe the apparent random wavering or flickering of objects when we see them through a turbulent stream of hot air rising above a fire or a radiator. How do you explain this?
Answer:
The air just above the fire or hot radiator becomes hotter than the air further up. The hotter air is less dense than the cooler air above it. Therefore, these layers of air with different density have slightly different refractive index. Since the physical conditions of the medium of air are not stationary, the apparent position of the object, as seen through the hot air, fluctuates. This wavering is thus an effect of atmospheric refraction.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 53.
Give two examples of optical phenomena which occur in nature due to atmospheric refraction.
Answer:
Two of the effects caused by atmospheric refraction are:

  1. Twinkling of stars, and
  2. Advance sunrise and delayed sunset.

Question 54.
What is the twinkling of stars due to?
Answer:
The twinkling of a star is due to atmospheric refraction of starlight.

Question 55.
Explain why the planets do not twinkle.
Answer:
Planets are very close to us as compared to the distance between stars and earth. They appear as a collection of large number of point-sized sources of light (the reflected light from the sun). These different points produce either brighter or dimmer effect in such a way that the total variation in amount of light entering the eye from all sources averages out to zero. Hence, the twinkling effects of the planets are nullified and they do not twinkle.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 56.
Why do stars twinkle?

OR

How do stars twinkle? Explain.
Answer:
Stars may be considered as point-sized sources of light. The starlight that enters the atmosphere undergoes refraction continuously before it reaches the earth. The atmospheric refraction is caused due to varying refractive index of air at different altitudes.

Since the atmosphere bends starlight towards the normal, the apparent position of the star is slightly different from its actual position. The star appears slightly higher than its actual position when viewed near the horizon.

This shift in the apparent position of the star is continuous as the physical conditions on the earth’s atmosphere are not stationary. As a result, starlight entering the eye flickers. The star sometimes appears brighter, and at some other time, fainter. This gives the twinkling effect.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 20

Question 57.
Stars appear to twinkle but planets do not appear to twinkle. Why?
Answer:
Planets, being larger in size, can be taken as a collection of large number of point-sized objects. The refraction effect of light rays coming from such an extended object will nullify the twinkling effect and hence planets do not twinkle.

Question 58.
How do you explain early sunrise and delayed sunset?
Answer:
Sunrise is defined as the moment that the Sun first appears just over the horizon. This means that we can’t see the Sun before it appears above the horizon. However, the Sun is visible to us about two minutes before the actual sunrise, and about two minutes after the actual sunset.

This is because of the atmospheric refraction of the light from the Sun by the Earth’s atmosphere. Earth’s atmosphere bends the path of the light so that we see the Sun in a position slightly above. Therefore, sun becomes visible before sunrise. Similar things happen during sunset. Therefore, we see the sun for about two minutes even after sunset.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 59.
The time difference between the actual subset and the apparent sunset is about two minutes. What is the reason for this? Explain with the help of a diagram.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 21
When the sun has set, the position of the sun appears to have shifted to a slightly higher position due to the refraction of the sun’s light by the atmosphere of the earth. Therefore, the sun would still be visible to us even after it is below the horizon. It is the atmospheric refraction that causes a time difference of about two minutes between actual sunset and apparent sunset.

Question 60.
The sun becomes visible to us two minutes before actual sunrise. How do you account for this?
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 22
Sunrise is defined as the moment that the Sun first appears just over the horizon. Obviously we should not be able to see the sun before it actually rises above the horizon. However, due to refraction of light by the atmosphere, the sun’s apparent position is shifted to a slightly higher point. This makes the sun visible even before sunrise. This explains the time difference of sighting the sun two minutes earlier than actual sunrise.

Question 61.
What is meant by scattering of light? Give examples for scattering of light.
Answer:
The phenomenon by which a beam of light is redirected in many different directions when it interacts with a particle of matter is called scattering of light.

The blue colour of the sky, colour of water in deep sea, the reddening of the sun at sunrise and sunset are due to scattering of light.

Question 62.
What is Tyndall effect? Explain with an example.
Answer:
The phenomenon of scattering of light by colloidal particles is called Tyndall effect. The path of a beam of sunlight coming through a window becomes visible due to the scattering of light by the dust particles in the room. This is an instance of Tyndall effect. Similarly, the path of light becomes visible in a smoke-filled room due to Tyndall effect.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 63.
What is the relationship between the size of the scattering particles and the colour of the scattered light?
Answer:
Finer particles scatter light of shorter wavelengths (in the blue region) while larger particles scatter light of longer wavelengths (in the red region).

Question 64.
How do you explain the blue colour of the sky?
Answer:
The sky appears blue when seen from the earth. The blue colour of the sky can be explained on the basis of scattering of light. The molecules present in the atmosphere are ideally suited to scatter blue light. The sky appears blue because we see it through the blue light scattered by the atmospheric air.

Question 65.
Why does the sky appear dark instead of blue to an astronaut?
Answer:
The sky appears blue because we see it through the blue light scattered by the atmospheric air. However, there is no atmosphere in space to scatter blue light. Hence the sky appears dark to an astronaut.

Question 66.
What will be the colour of the sky when it is observed from a place in the absence of any atmosphere? Explain.
Answer:
We see the sky as coloured because the molecules present in our atmosphere interact with the sunlight passing through it and scatter light of certain wavelengths. The type of scattering responsible for blue sky is known as Rayleigh scattering. In the absence of any atmosphere, there will be no scattering of sunlight and hence the sky will appear dark.

Question 67.
Why does the sun appear reddish at sunrise and sunset?

OR

Why does the sun appear reddish early in the mornine?
Answer:
The reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset can be explained on the basis of scattering of light. During sunrise and sunset, the sun is near the horizon. Therefore, the light of the sun has to pass through thicker layers of air and larger distance in the earth’s atmosphere before reaching our eyes.

The blue component of sunlight gets almost completely scattered in different directions and the light that reaches our eyes is of longer wavelengths. Therefore, the sun appears reddish during sunrise and sunset.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 68.
Why does the Sun appear reddish early in the morning? Explain with the help of a diagram.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 23
The molecules in the earth’s atmosphere are ideally suited to scatter blue light. During early morning, the sun is near the horizon. Therefore, the light of the sun will have to pass through denser layers of the atmosphere and over long distances before reaching our eyes.

During this process, the blue component of sunlight is almost completely scattered away and the light that reaches our eyes is largely in the red region. Therefore, the sun appears reddish during early morning.

Question 69.
Why does the sun appear white during midday?
Answer:
During midday, the sun is almost right above us. Therefore, the sunlight will largely pass through less dense regions of the atmosphere and shorter distance before reaching our eyes. Therefore, less amount of blue light present in sunlight is scattered and the light that reaches our eyes has almost all the components of white light. Hence the sun appears white during midday.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 70
How do you show experimentally why the sky appears blue and the sun appears reddish during sunrise and sunset?
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World 24
Place a strong source (S) of white light at the principal focus of a converging lens L1. This lens provides a parallel beam of white light. Pass this beam through a sodium thiosulphate solution taken in glass beaker, B. Allow the beam that emerges out of the beaker to pass through a circular hole of a screen. Pass the parallel beam of light that emerges out of the hole through another converging lens L2.

Obtain the image of the source on a screen placed at the principal focus of the second lens. The image will be in the form of a whitish circular patch of light. Now add 3 – 5 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid to the sodium thiosulphate solution and stir.

Keep observing the solution and the image formed on the screen. The solution gradually turns blue due to the scattering of blue light by the particles of the solution. The whitish patch of light on the screen gradually turns to red because the light that reaches the screen is almost free of blue light. After some time, the image disappears from the screen. This explains the blue colour of the sky and the reddish appearance of the sun during sunrise and sunset.

Question 71.
Water mixed with milk is taken in beaker ‘A ’ and sugar solution is taken in beaker ‘B ’. Light is passed through both the beakers. In which beaker is the path of light visible? Why?
Answer:
The path of light is visible in beaker ‘A’ that contains milk. Milk is a colloidal solution that scatters light. When a beam of light strikes the particles of milk, the path of the beam becomes visible, i.e., scattering of light by colloidal particles gives rise to Tyndall effect.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Fill In The Blanks

1. The screen of the human eye is called retina
2. The ability of the eye to adjust the focal length of its lens is called accommodation
3. The near point of a normal adult eye is 25 cm
4. Breaking up of the constituent colours of composite light is called dispersion
5. The defect of the eye due to which nearby objects cannot be seen clearly, is called hypermetropia / longsightedness
6. Myopia can be corrected with spectacles fitted with suitable concave lens
7. The constituent colour of white light that has the highest wavelength is red

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The human eye can focus objects at different distances by adjusting the focal length of the eye lens. This is due to
(A) presbyopia.
(B) accommodation.
(C) near-sightedness.
(D) far-sightedness.
Answer:
(B) accommodation.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 2.
The human eye forms the image of an object at its
(A) cornea.
(B) iris.
(C) pupil.
(D) retina.
Answer:
(D) retina.

Question 3.
The least distance of distinct vision for a young adult with normal vision is about
(A) 25 m.
(B) 2.5 cm.
(C) 25 cm.
(D) 2.5 m.
Answer:
(C) 25 cm.

Question 4.
The change in focal length of an eye lens is caused by the action of the
(A) pupil.
(B) retina.
(C) ciliary muscles.
(D) iris.
Answer:
(C) ciliary muscles.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 5.
Scattering of light by particles involves
(A) change in direction of light
(B) dispersion
(C) reflection
(D) refraction
Answer:
(A) change in direction of light

Question 6.
Which of the following phenomena of light are involved in the formation of a rainbow?
(A) Dispersion, scattering and total internal reflection
(B) Reflection, dispersion and total internal reflection
(C) Reflection, refraction and dispersion
(D) Refraction, dispersion and total internal reflection
Answer:
(D) Refraction, dispersion and total internal reflection

Question 7.
A person has an elongated eyeball and hence is suffering from shortsightedness. He requires spectacles fitted with
(A) convex lens to focus distant objects
(B) concave lens to focus distant objects
(C) convex lens to focus near objects
(D) concave lens to focus near objects.
Answer:
(B) concave lens to focus distant objects

Question 8.
At noon, the sun appears white as
(A) light is least scattered
(B) all the colours of the white light are scattered away
(C) blue colour is scattered the most
(D) red colour is scattered the most
Answer:
(A) light is least scattered

Question 9.
The bluish colour of water in deep sea is due to
(A) the presence of algae and other plants found in water
(B) scattering of light
(C) reflection of sky in water
(D) absorption of light by the sea
Answer:
(B) scattering of light

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 10.
Twinkling of stars is due to atmospheric
(A) dispersion of light by water droplets
(B) internal reflection of light by clouds
(C) refraction of light by different layers of atmospheric air
(D) scattering of light by dust particles
Answer:
(C) refraction of light by different layers of atmospheric air

Question 11.
The clear sky appears blue because
(A) blue light gets absorbed in the atmosphere
(B) lights of all other colours are scattered more than violet and blue colour lights by the atmosphere
(C) ultraviolet radiations are absorbed in the atmosphere
(D) violet and blue lights get scattered more than lights of all other colours by the atmosphere
Answer:
(D) violet and blue lights get scattered more than lights of all other colours by the atmosphere

Question 12.
The danger signals installed at the top of tall buildings are red in colour. These can be easily seen from a distance because among all the colours, red light
(A) is scattered the most by smoke or fog
(B) is scattered the least by smoke or fog
(C) is absorbed the most by smoke or fog
(D) moves fastest in air
Answer:
(B) is scattered the least by smoke or fog

Question 13.
Dispersion is a phenomenon involving
(A) refraction of light
(B) reflection of coloured light
(C) combining of coloured lights into white light
(D) separation of light into its spectrum
Answer:
(B) reflection of coloured light

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 14.
Because of atmospheric refraction, the Sun actually sets
(A) after we see it disappear
(B) before we see it disappear
(C) when it just disappears
(D) hours before we see it disappear
Answer:
(B) before we see it disappear

Question 15.
Which of the following statements is correct?
(A) A person with myopia can see distant objects clearly.
(B) A person with hypermetropia can see nearby objects clearly.
(C) A person with myopia can see nearby objects clearly.
(D) A person with hypermetropia cannot see distant objects clearly.
Answer:
(C) A person with myopia can see nearby objects clearly.

Question 16.
The colour of light that refracts most on entering a glass prism is
(A) yellow
(B) violet
(C) blue
(D) red
Answer:
(D) red

Question 17.
Which of the following colours of light is least scattered by fog, dust or smoke? .
(A) Violet
(B) Blue
(C) Red
(D) Yellow
Answer:
(C) Red

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Question 18.
A person cannot see distinctly objects kept beyond 2 nu This defect can be corrected by using a lens of power
(A) +0.2 D
(B) -0.2 D
(C) +0.5 D
(D) -0.5 D
Answer:
(D) -0.5 D

Question 19.
Red coloured light is used in traffic signals to indicate the vehicles to stop, because compared to other colours red light
(A) has high frequency
(B) scatters more
(C) has less wavelength
(D) scatters less
Answer:
(D) scatters less

Question 20.
The characteristic of the image of an object formed on the retina by the lens of the eye is
(A) real and inverted
(B) virtual and erect
(C) real and erect
(D) virtual and inverted
Answer:
(A) real and inverted

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World

Match The Following

Question 1.

Column A Column B
1. Rainbow a. Bouncing back of light from a surface
2. Tyndall effect b. Causes blue colour of the sky
3. Myopia c. Caused by dispersion of light
4. Hypermetropia d. Scattering of light by colloidal particles
5. Scattering of light e. Cannot see nearby objects clearly
f. Cannot see distant objects clearly

Answer:
1 – c, 2 – d, 3 – f, 4 – e, 5 – b.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

   

Students can download Class 10 Science Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction Important Questions, KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Science Important Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 1.
What is light?
Answer:
Light is a form of energy. It is a form of electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength that can be detected by the human eye.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 2.
How do we see objects?

OR

What makes things visible?
Answer:
An object reflects light that falls on it. This reflected light, when received by our eyes, enables us to see things.

Question 3.
Give one instance front our daily life, which shows that light travels along straight lines.
Answer:
We can easily see a bright object, such as a candle flame, through a straight tube. But we cannot see the same through a bent tube. This shows that light travels along straight lines.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 1

Question 4.
What is a mirror? List the various types of mirrors that you know.
Answer:
Any smooth highly polished surface that reflects most of the light that falls on it is called a mirror. There are several types of mirrors namely plane mirror, concave mirror, convex mirror, parabolic mirror and so on.

Question 5.
What are

  • convergent rays
  • divergent rays,
  • parallel rays of light? Show them by separate diagrams.

Answer:

  • Convergent rays: Light rays that are moving towards a point are called convergent rays of light.
  • Divergent rays: Light rays that are emerging from a point are called divergent rays of light.
  • Parallel rays: Light rays that are parallel to one another are called parallel rays of light. These rays neither diverge nor converge.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 2

Question 6.
What is reflection of light?
Answer:
When light falls on a surface, some or most of the light is turned back from the surface. This phenomenon of bouncing back of light from a surface is called reflection.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 7.
Show by a suitable diagram the reflection of a light ray from a mirror. Show in the diagram the incident ray, the reflected ray, normal at the point of incidence, angle of incidence and the angle of reflection.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 3
In the diagram, AO is the ray that is falling on a plane mirror. It is called the incident ray. O is the point of incidence. It is also the point of reflection. OB is the ray coming back from the mirror. It is called the reflected ray. ON is the normal drawn to the mirror at the point of incidence. ∠AON is the angle of incidence and ∠NOB is the angle of reflection.

Question 8.
Define

  1. angle of incidence
  2. angle of reflection.

Answer:

  1. The angle formed between the incident ray and the normal at the point of incidence is the angle of incidence.
  2. The angle formed between the reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence is the angle of reflection.

Question 9.
State the laws of reflection of light.
Answer:
There are two laws of reflection of light. They are

  1. Angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection.
  2. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal drawn to the mirror at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.

Question 10.
For what type of surfaces do the laws of reflection apply?
Answer:
The laws of reflection are applicable to all types of surfaces including plane, concave and convex surfaces.

Question 11.
What is an image? Mention its types.
Answer:
If light rays coming from a point after reflection meet at another point or appear to meet at another point, then the second point is called the image of the first point. Images are classified into two types

  • virtual image
  • real image.

Question 12.
Distinguish between virtual image and real image.
Answer:
Virtual image:

  1. Virtual images cannot be caught on a screen.
  2. Virtual images are erect with respect to the object.
  3. Virtual images are formed by divergent rays of light.

Real image:

  1. Real images can be caught on a screen.
  2. Real images are inverted with respect to the object.
  3. Real images are formed by convergent rays of light.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 13.
List the properties of the image formed by a plane mirror.
Answer:
The images formed by a plane mirror are

  • Erect and virtual. They cannot be caught on a screen.
  • Equal to the size of the object.
  • Formed as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of it.
  • Laterally inverted.

Question 14.
What are spherical mirrors? Mention their types.
Answer:
A mirror whose reflecting surface forms a part of a sphere is called a spherical mirror. There are two types of spherical mirrors

  • concave mirror
  • convex mirror.

Question 15.
What is a concave mirror? How is a concave mirror represented in a diagram?
Answer:
A spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved inwards is called a concave mirror.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 4

Question 16.
What is a convex mirror? How is a convex mirror represented in a diagram?
Answer:
A spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved outwards (bulged) is called a convex mirror.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 5

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 17
Define the following with respect to a spherical mirror

  1. Pole
  2. Centre of curvature
  3. Radius of curvature
  4. Aperture
  5. Principal axis.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 6
Answer:

  1. Pole: The centre or midpoint of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror is called its pole. It is represented by the letter P.
  2. Centre of curvature: The centre of the sphere of which the given spherical mirror forms a part is called its centre of curvature. It is represented by the letter C.
  3. Radius of curvature: The radius of the sphere of which the given spherical mirror forms a part is called its radius of curvature. It is represented by the letter R. Thus, R = PC.
  4. Aperture: The diameter of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror is called its aperture.
  5. Principal axis: An imaginary straight line passing through the pole (P) and centre of curvature (C) of a spherical mirror is called its principal axis.

Question 18.
What is meant by principal focus of a concave mirror? Show by a diagram.
Answer:
Principal focus of a concave mirror is defined as the point at which incident rays parallel to principal axis converge after reflection from the mirror. It is represented by the letter F.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 7

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 19.
Why are concave mirrors called converging mirrors?
Answer:
A concave mirror redirects parallel incoming rays that fall on it and makes them meet at a point. This is why concave mirrors are called converging mirrors.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 8

Question 20
What is meant by principal focus of a convex mirror? Show by a diagram.
Answer:
When rays of light close and parallel to the principal axis are made to fall on a convex mirror, after reflection, all the light rays appear to diverge from a fixed point on its principal axis. This point is known as the principal focus of the convex mirror. It is represented by the letter F.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 9

Question 21.
Why are convex mirrors called diverging mirrors?
Answer:
A convex mirror redirects parallel incoming rays that fall on it and makes them appear to diverge from a point. This is why convex mirrors are called diverging mirrors.

Question 22.
What is meant by focal length of a spherical mirror?
Answer:
The distance between the pole (P) and the principal focus (F) of a spherical mirror is called its focal length. It is represented by the letter f

Question 23.
What is the relationship between focal length and radius of curvature of a spherical mirror?
Answer:
In a spherical mirror, the principal focus (F) lies exactly at the centre of the line joining P and C.
PC = PF + FC
R = f + f = 2f
Therefore, the radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is equal to twice its focal length.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 24.
What is the focal length of a concave mirror whose radius of curvature is 40 cm?
Answer:
The focal length of a concave mirror is equal to half its radius of curvature.
\(f=\frac{R}{2}=\frac{40}{2}=20 \mathrm{cm}\)

Question 25.
The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is 20 cm. What is its focal length?
Answer:
The focal length of a spherical mirror is equal to half its radius of curvature.
\(f=\frac{R}{2}=\frac{20}{2}=10 \mathrm{cm}\)

Question 26.
Find the focal length of a convex mirror whose radius of curvature is 32 cm.
Answer:
\(f=\frac{R}{2}=\frac{32}{2}=16 \mathrm{cm}\)

Question 27.
Describe an experiment to deternune the focal length of a concave mirror.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 10
Take a concave mirror, a mirror stand, and a screen. Place the given concave mirror on the mirror stand. Direct the mirror towards a bright distant object, say, a tree. Place the screen in front of the mirror.

Move the screen back and forth until a sharp, well-defined image is formed on the screen. Measure the distance between the mirror and the screen. This distance gives the approximate focal length of the concave mirror.

Question 28.
Name a mirror that can give an erect and enlarged image of an object Where should the object be placed to get this type of image?
Answer:
A concave mirror can give an erect and enlarged image of an object. To get this type of image, the object must be placed between the pole (P) and the principal focus (F).

Question 29.
For what positions of the object does a concave mirror give a real image?
Answer:
A concave mirror gives a real image when the object is placed beyond its principal focus. The various positions of the object for which a concave mirror gives real image are:

  • when the object is between F and C
  • when the object is at C
  • when the object is beyond C
  • when the object is far beyond C.

Question 30.
For what position of the object does a concave mirror give a virtual, enlarged image?
Answer:
A concave mirror gives a virtual, enlarged image when the object is placed between P and F.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 31.
Where should an object be placed in front of a concave mirror to get a diminished image on a screen?
Answer:
The object should be placed beyond C of a concave mirror in order to get a diminished image on a screen.

Question 32.
For what position of the object does a concave mirror give an image equal to the size of the object?
Answer:
A concave mirror gives a real image equal to the size of the object when the object is placed at C.

Question 33.
Where should a source of light be placed in front of a concave mirror to get parallel beams of light?
Answer:
A source of light should be kept at the principal focus (F) of a concave mirror to get parallel beams of light.

Question 34.
Show by separate diagrams the reflected ray for the following incident rays in a concave mirror:

  1. A ray parallel to the principal axis.
  2. A ray passing through the principal focus.
  3. A ray passing through the centre of curvature, and
  4. A ray incident obliquely to the principal axis arid moving towards the pole.

Answer:
1. A ray parallel to the principal axis:
A ray parallel to the principal axis of a concave mirror, after reflection, will pass through the principle focus(F).
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 11

2. A ray passing through the principal focus:
A ray passing through the principal focus of a concave mirror, after reflection, will emerge parallel to the principal axis.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 12

3. A ray passing through the centre of curvature:
A ray passing through the centre of curvature (C) of a concave mirror, after reflection, will get reflected back along the same path.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 13

4. A ray incident obliquely to the principal axis and moving towards the pole:
A ray incident obliquely to the principal axis and moving towards the pole of a concave mirror, after reflection, will be reflected obliquely in accordance with the laws of reflection i.e., Li = Lx.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 14

Question 35.
Explain why a ray of light passing through the centre of curvature of a concave mirror gets reflected back along the same path.
Answer:
A ray of light that is passing through the centre of curvature and incident on a concave mirror is actually travelling and striking the mirror along the normal to the surface at that point. Therefore, the angle of incidence is equal to zero and the angle of reflection is also zero. Therefore, the light ray gets reflected back along the same path.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 36.
Draw ray diagrams to show the image formation in a concave mirror when the object is placed

  1. at infinity
  2. beyond C
  3. at C
  4. between F and C
  5. at F
  6. between P and F.

Describe the nature, position and relative size of the image in each case.
Answer:
1. When the object is placed at infinity:
When an object is placed at infinity in front of a concave mirror, we get a real, inverted, highly diminished image at the principal focus (F).
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 15

2. When the object is placed beyond C:
When an object is placed beyond the centre of curvature of a concave mirror but at finite distance, we get a real, inverted and diminished image between F and C.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 16

3. When the object is placed at C:
When an object is placed at the centre of curvature (C) of a concave mirror, we get a real, inverted image equal to the size of the object.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 17

4. When the object is placed between F and C:
When an object is placed between F and C of a concave mirror, we get a real, inverted and enlarged image beyond the centre of curvature (C) of the mirror.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 18

5. When the object is placed at F:
When an object is placed at the principal focus (F) of a concave mirror, we get a real, inverted and a highly enlarged image at infinity.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 19

6. When the object is placed between P and F:
P and F of a concave mirror, we get a virtual, erect and enlarged image behind the mirror.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 20

Question 37.
Mention the points with respect to a spherical mirror between which an object should be placed to obtain on a screen an image twice the size of the object
Answer:
An object must be placed at an appropriate point between F and C of a concave mirror in order to obtain on a screen an image equal to twice the size of the object.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 38.
List the uses of concave mirrors.
Answer:
The following are some of the uses of concave mirrors

  1. Concave mirrors are commonly used in torches, search-lights and vehicle headlights to get powerful parallel beams of light.
  2. They are often used as shaving mirrors to see a larger image of the face.
  3. Dentists use concave mirrors to see large images of the teeth of patients.
  4. Large concave mirrors are used to concentrate sunlight to produce heat in solar furnaces.

Question 39.
Show by separate diagrams the reflected ray for the following incident rays in a convex mirror:

  1. A ray parallel to the principal axis.
  2. A ray passing through the principal focus.
  3. A ray passing through the centre of curvature, and
  4. A ray incident obliquely to the principal axis and moving towards the pole.

Answer:
1. A ray parallel to the principal axis:
A ray of light parallel to the principal axis of a convex mirror, after reflection, will appear to diverge from the principal focus (F).
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 21

2. A ray passing through the principal focus:
A ray of light incident on a convex mirror in the direction of the principal focus (F), after reflection, will emerge parallel to the principal axis.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 22

3. A ray of light passing through the centre of curvature:
A ray of light that is incident on a convex mirror in the direction of centre of curvature (C) gets reflected back along the same path.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 23

4. A ray incident obliquely to the principal axis and moving towards the pole:
A ray of light incident obliquely on a convex mirror in the direction of P, after reflection, will emerge obliquely in accordance with the laws of reflection, making equal angles with the principal axis.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 24

Question 40.
Draw ray diagrams to show the image formation in a convex mirror when the object is placed

  1. at a finite distance in front of the mirror
  2. at infinity.

Describe the nature, position and relative size of the image in each case.
Answer:
1. When the object is placed at a finite distance in front of the mirror:
When an object is placed at a finite distance in front of a convex mirror, we get a virtual, erect and diminished image between principal focus F and pole P behind the mirror.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 25

2. When the object is placed at infinity:
When an object is placed at infinity in front of a convex mirror, we get a virtual, erect and highly diminished image (point image) at its principal focus (F), behind the mirror.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 26

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 41.
Summarise in a table the nature, position and relative size of the image formed by a convex mirror for various positions of the object.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 27

Question 42.
Listfour properties of the image formed by a convex mirror.
Answer:
The following are the properties of the image formed by a convex mirror

  1. Image is always virtual and erect.
  2. Image is always smaller than the object.
  3. Image is formed between P and F of the mirror.
  4. As we move the object away from the mirror, the image moves towards F.

Question 43.
List the uses of convex mirrors.
Answer:
The following are some of the uses of convex mirrors

  1. Convex mirrors are used as rear view mirrors in vehicles.
  2. They are used as reflector in street lamps to spread the light over a larger area.

Question 44.
Why are convex mirrors used as rear-view mirrors in vehicles?

OR

Why do we prefer a convex mirror as a rear-view mirror in vehicles?
Answer:
Convex mirrors are commonly used as rear-view mirrors in vehicles for the following reasons

  1. Convex mirrors always give an erect though diminished image of objects.
  2. Convex mirrors have a wider field of view as they are curved outwards. Therefore, convex mirrors provide the driver a view of a much larger area behind the vehicle.
  3. Images of nearing objects grow in size while those of receding objects diminish. These factors enable the driver to drive safely.

Question 45.
Name the type of mirror used in the following situations

  1. Headlights of a car.
  2. Side/rear-view mirror of a vehicle.
  3. Solar furnace.

Support your answer with reason.
Answer:
1. Concave mirror is used in the headlights of a car. This is because, a concave mirror produces a powerful parallel beam of light when the light source is placed at the principal focus.

2. Convex mirror is used in side/rear-view mirror of a vehicle. This is because, a convex mirror always gives an erect, diminished image and has a wider range of view.

3. A concave mirror is used in solar furnace. This is because, a concave mirror focuses the heat from the sun in a narrow region and thus helps to create higher temperatures.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 46.
You are given a plane mirror, a concave mirror and a convex mirror. How do you find out which of these can give a full length image of a tall object such as a distant tree for all positions?
Answer:
Observe the image of a distant object (say a distant tree) in a plane mirror. The full image is not seen in the mirror. When we try with plane mirrors of different sizes, the image is not seen in full. To see a full image in a plane mirror, we need a plane mirror which is at least half the size of the object. Now direct a concave mirror towards the distant tree and observe the image.

The concave mirror gives full-size image of the object only for certain positions of the object. A convex mirror, however, gives full-size image for all positions of the object. This activity shows that a plane mirror and a concave mirror cannot give full-length image for all positions of the object. A convex mirror always gives full-size image irrespective of the position of the object.

Question 47.
Compare the size of the image formed by a plane mirror, a concave mirror and a convex mirror.
Answer:
A plane mirror will always give an image equal to the size of the object. A concave mirror gives an image which is larger, smaller or equal to the size of the object depending on the position of the object. A convex mirror always gives a diminished image irrespective of the position of the object.

Question 48.
Distinguish between concave and convex mirrors.
Answer:
Concave mirror:

  1. The reflecting surface is curved inwards.
  2. Converges light rays.
  3. Gives either real or virtual image depending on the position of the object.
  4. Image may be enlarged, diminished or of same size as that of the object.

Convex mirror:

  1. The reflecting surface is curved outwards.
  2. Diverges light rays.
  3. Always gives virtual image irrespective of the position of the object.
  4. Image is always diminished irrespective of the position of the object.

Question 49.
What is meant by ‘object distance’ and ‘image distance’ with respect to a Spherical mirror?
Answer:
1. Object distance:
The distance of the object from the pole of the mirror is known as ‘object distance’. It is represented by the letter u.

2. Image distance:
The distance of the image from the pole of the mirror is known as ‘image distance’. It is represented by the letter v.

Question 50.
Write the sign conventions for reflection by spherical mirrors.
Answer:
The following are the sign conventions applicable to reflection by spherical mirrors

  1. All distances parallel to the principal axis are measured starting from the pole of the mirror.
  2. Distances measured in the direction of the incident ray are taken as positive and those measured against it are taken as negative.
  3. The focal length of a concave mirror is always taken to be negative and the focal length of a convex lens is always taken to be positive.
  4. Distances measured perpendicular to and above the principal axis are taken as positive and the distances measured perpendicular to and below the principal axis are taken as negative.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 51.
Write the mirror formula with respect to spherical mirrors.
Answer:
The mirror formula is \(\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{u}+\frac{1}{v}\)
where u = distance of the object from the pole of the mirror
v = distance of the image from the pole of the mirror
f = focal length of the mirror.

Question 52.
Define magnification with respect to spherical mirrors. Give a suitable equation for it.
Answer:
Magnification produced by a spherical mirror is defined as the ratio of the height of the image to the height of the object. It is usually represented by the letter m. If h is the height of the object and h’ is the height of the image, then the magnification m produced by a spherical mirror is given by
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 28

Question 53.
The magnification produced by a plane mirror is +1. What does this mean?
Answer:
The statement above means that the plane mirror produces an image equal to the size of the object. This means that the ratio between the height of the image and the height of the object in a plane mirror is always equal to 1. Since m is positive, the image is erect with respect to the object.

Question 54.
A convex mirror used for rear-view in an automobile has a radius of curvature of 3.00 m. If a bus is located at 5.00 m from this mirror, find the position, nature and size of the image.
Answer:
Given:
Radius of curvature, R = + 3.00 m; Object-distance, u = – 5.00 m; Image-distance, v = ?, Height of the image, h’ = ?
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 29
The image is virtual, erect and diminished. The size of the image is 0.23 times the size of the object.

Question 55.
‘A concave mirror of focal length ‘f conform a magnified, erect as well as an inverted image of an object placed in front of it’. Justify this statement stating the position of the object with respect to the mirror in each case for obtaining these images.
Answer:
A concave mirror of focal length/can form

  1. a magnified erect image when the object is placed between its pole (P) and principal focus (F)
  2. an inverted image of an object when the object is placed
    • at F
    • between F and C. Thus, the given statement is justified.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 56.
A concave mirror produces three times magnified (enlarged) real image of an object placed 10 cm in front of it. Where is the image located?
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 30
Image distance v = 3 × -10 cm = -30 cm. The image is located at a distance of 30 cm from the mirror.

Question 57.
We wish to obtain an erect image of an object, using a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. What should be the ranee of distance of the object from the mirror? What is the nature of the image? Is the image larser or smaller than the object? Draw a ray diasram to show the image formation in this case.
Answer:
In order to obtain an erect image in a concave mirror, the object must be placed between P and F. Therefore, the range of ‘object distance’ must be 0-15 cm. The image formed is virtual and erect. The image is larger than the object. The ray diagram for getting an erect image in a concave mirror is given below
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 31

Question 58.
An object, 4.0 cm in size, is placed at 25.0 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15.0 cm. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp image? Find the nature and the size of the image.
Answer:
Given: Object-size, h = +4 cm; Object-distance, u = -25 cm; Focal length, f= -15 cm; Image distance, v = ?; Image size, h’ = ?
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 32
The screen should be placed at 37.5 cm from the mirror. The image is real
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 33
Height of the image, h’ = -6.0 cm. The image is inverted and enlarged. Therefore, a screen must be placed at a distance of 37.5 cm from the mirror to get a sharp image. The height of the image is 6 cm. The image is inverted and enlarged.

Question 59.
An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Find the position and nature of the image.
Answer:
Given
Object distance, u = -10 cm; Focal length, f = +15 cm; Image distance, v = ?
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 34
A virtual, erect and diminished image is formed 6 cm behind the mirror.

Question 60.
An object 5.0 cm in length is placed at a distance of 20 cm in front of a convex mirror of radius of curvature 30 cm. Find the position of the image, its nature and size.
Answer:
Given
Object distance, u = -20 cm; Focal length, \(f=\frac{R}{2}=\frac{30}{2}=+15 \mathrm{cm}\)
Height of the object, h – 5 cm; Image distance, v = ?
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 35
A virtual, erect and diminished image of height 2.15 cm is formed 8.6 cm behind the mirror.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 61.
The focal length of a converging mirror is 4 cm. If an object of height 2 cms is placed 9 cms from the mirror, find the image distance, nature and size of the image.
Answer:
Given
Object distance, u = -9 cm, Focal length, f= -4, Height of the object h = 2 cm Image distance v = ?, Height of the image h’ = ?
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 36
Thus, a real, inverted and diminished image of height 1.6 cm is formed at a distance of 7.2 cm between F and C.

Question 62.
An object of size 7.0 cm is placed at 27 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 18 cm. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed, so that a sharp focussed image can be obtained? Find the size and the nature of the image.
Answer:
Given
Object distance, u = -27 cm; Size of the object, h = 7 cm; Focal length, f = -18 cm; Image distance, v = ? ; Height of the image, h’ = ?
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 37
So, image is formed in front of the mirror at a distance of 54 cm from the mirror. The size of the image is 14 cm and it is real and inverted.

Question 63.
What is refraction of light?
Answer:
A ray of light that enters obliquely from one medium into another, changes its direction on entering the second medium. This phenomenon of bending of light is called refraction of light.

Question 64.
How will a ray of light that travels obliquely, bend

  1. when it travels from a rarer medium to a denser medium
  2. when it travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium?

Answer:
1. A ray of light that enters obliquely from a rarer medium to a denser medium, on entering the second medium, will bend towards the normal. In this case, the angle of refraction is smaller than the angle of incidence.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 38

2. A ray of light that enters obliquely from a denser medium to a rarer medium, on entering the second medium, will bend away from the normal. In this case, the angle of refraction is larger than the angle of incidence.

Question 65.
When will a ray of light not change its direction despite changing the medium of propagation?
Answer:
A light that enters from one medium to another along the normal to the interface of the two media will not change its direction.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 39

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 66.
A ray of light travelline in air enters obliquely into water. Does the light ray bend towards the normal or away from the normal? Why?
Answer:
A ray of light that travels obliquely from air to water will bend towards the normal on entering water. This is because water is an optically denser medium than air.

Question 67.
Mention any two applications of refraction of light in daily life.
Answer:
Two instances of refraction of light in daily life are:
1. A coin placed inside a bucket filled with water appears to be raised. This is due to refraction of light. Similarly, when a thick glass slab is placed over some printed matter, the letters appear raised when viewed through the glass slab. This is due to refraction of light.

2. A pencil partially immersed in water appears bent due to refraction of light.

3. A lemon kept in water in a glass tumbler appears to be bigger than its actual size, when viewed from the sides. This is due to refraction of light.

Question 68.
Describe a simple activity to show refraction of light.
Answer:
Place a coin at the bottom of a bucket filled with water. With your eye to a side above the bucket, try to pick up the coin in one go. Try this a few times. We may not succeed in picking up the coin on most occasions.

This is because the position of the coin appears to have shifted due to refraction of light. The actual position of the coin and its apparent position are different. This is why it is difficult to pick up the coin in one swift effort.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 40

Question 69.
Why does a pencil partially immersed in water taken in a glass tumbler appear to be bent?
Answer:
A pencil kept immersed partially in water appears bent due to refraction of light. The light coming from the part of the pencil inside water will bend away from the normal on entering air. The light reaching us from the portion of the pencil inside water seems to come from a different direction, compared to the part above water.

This makes the pencil appear to be displaced at the interface. As a result, the position of the pencil inside water appears to have shifted to a new position. This causes the pencil to appear bent.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 41

Question 70.
Why does a swimming pool appear shallower than what it actually is?
Answer:
The bottom of a swimming pool appears to be raised due to refraction of light. When light rays enter from water to air, they bend away from the normal. This causes an apparent upward shift of the bottom of the pool. This is why swimming pool appears shallower.

Question 71.
Draw a neat labelled diagram showing the path of a light ray through a rectangular glass slab.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 42

  • PQRS – Rectangular glass slab
  • AB – Incident ray
  • BC – Refracted ray
  • CD – Emergent ray
  • d = Lateral shift
  • N1N2 = Normal drawn to surface
  • PQ N’1N’2 = Normal drawn to surface
  • ∠ABN1 = i = Angle of incidence
  • ∠N2BC= r = Angle of refraction
  • ∠DCN’2 = e = Angle of emergence

Question 72.
Draw a neat diagram showing the path of a light ray through a parallel-sided glass slab.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 43

Question 73.
What is meant by lateral shift with reference to the refraction of a ray of light through a parallel-sided glass slab?
Answer:
When a ray of light is incident obliquely on a parallel-sided glass slab, the emergent ray shifts laterally. The perpendicular distance between the direction of the incident ray and the emergent ray is called‘lateral shift’.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 74.
What are the important characteristics you observe when a ray of light travelling obliquely enters a rectangular glass slab?
Answer:
When a ray of light travelling obliquely enters into a rectangular glass slab, the following observations are made

  1. The ray of light on entering from air to glass is found to bend towards the normal.
  2. The ray of light bends away from the normal when it enters from glass to air.
  3. The emergent ray gets shifted laterally. This means that the emergent ray is parallel to the direction of the incident ray.
  4. The angle of incidence (when the ray enters from air to glass) is equal to the angle of emergence (when the ray moves out of glass to air).

Question 75.
Why does refraction occur when a ray of light travels obliquely from one medium to another?
Answer:
Light travels at different speeds through different media. Refraction of light occurs due to the change in the speed of light as it enters from one transparent medium to another.

Question 76.
State the laws of refraction of light.
Answer:
The following are the laws of refraction of light
1. The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to the interface of two transparent media at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane.

2. The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is a constant, for the given pair of media and for the light of a given colour. This law is also known as Snell’s law of refraction. (This is true for angle 0 < i < 90°)

Question 77.
State Snell’s law of refraction. Express it in the form of an equation.
Answer:
Snell’s law of refraction states that ‘when a ray of light travels obliquely from one transparent medium to another, the ratio between the sine of the angle of incidence and the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant for the given pair of media for the light of a given colour.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 44
Consider a ray of light travelling obliquely from medium 1 into medium 2. Let i be the angle of incidence and r be the angle of refraction. Now, according to Snell’s law of refraction, \(\frac{\sin \mathrm{i}}{\sin \mathrm{r}}=\text { Constant }\)

Question 78.
When a ray of light travels obliquely from one medium to another, what is the ratio between sine of the angle of incidence and sine of the angle of refraction called?
Answer:
When a ray of light travels obliquely from one medium to another, the ratio between the sine of the angle of incidence and the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant and it is called the ‘refractive index’ of the second medium with respect to the first.

Question 79.
Define ‘refractive index’ of a medium. What is its symbol? Give an equation for the same.
Answer:
When a ray of light enters obliquely from one medium to another, the ratio between the sine of the angle of incidence and the sine of the angle of refraction is called the refractive index of the second medium with respect to the first. This is also called the relative refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium 1. It is represented by the symbol n2 1.

Relative refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium 1, n2 1\(=\frac{\sin \mathrm{i}}{\sin \mathrm{r}}=\frac{\mathrm{v}_{1}}{\mathrm{v}_{2}}\)

Similarly, refractive index of medium 1 with respect to medium 2 is denoted by n1 2\(=\frac{\text { Speed of light in medium } 2}{\text { Speed of light in medium } 1}=\frac{v_{2}}{v_{1}}\)

Question 80.
Define relative refractive index in terms of speed of light. Give an equation for the same.
Answer:
The relative refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium 1 is defined as the ratio between the speed of light in medium 1 and the speed of light in medium 2. Let the relative refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium 1 be n2 1\(=\frac{\text { Speed of light in medium } 1}{\text { Speed of light in medium } 2}\)

If v1 is the speed of light in medium 1 and v2 is the speed of light in medium 2, then, the refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium 1 is given by
\(n_{2 l}=\frac{v_{1}}{v_{2}}\)

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 81.
What does the refractive index of a medium actually indicate?
Answer:
The refractive index actually indicates the extent of the change in direction of a ray of light that takes place in a given pair of media.

Question 82.
Define absolute refractive index of a medium both in terms of Snell’s law of refraction and speed of light.
Answer:
Refractive index in terms of Snell’s law: When a ray of light enters obliquely from air into a medium, the ratio between the speed of light in air and the speed of light in the medium is called the absolute refractive index of the medium. It is represented by the symbol nm
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 45
Refractive index in terms of speed of light: The absolute refractive index of a medium is defined as the ratio between the speed of light in air (vacuum) and the speed of light in the given medium.
\(n_{m}=\frac{\text { Speed of light in air (vacuum) }}{\text { Speed of light in the medium }}\)
If va is the speed of light in air (vacuum) and vm is the speed of light in the given medium, then the absolute refractive index of the medium, nm is given as,
\(n_{m}=\frac{\mathbf{v}_{\mathbf{a}}}{\mathbf{v}_{\mathrm{m}}}\)

Question 83.
The refractive index of glass is 1.5. Explain the meaning of this statement in terms of Snell’s law.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 46
When a ray of light enters from air to glass obliquely, the ratio between the sine of angle of incidence and the sine of angle of refraction is a constant and its value is equal to 1.5. Refractive index of glass, ng is given by the equation,
\(n_{g}=\frac{\sin \mathrm{i}}{\sin \mathrm{r}}\)

Question 84.
What is the meaning of ‘the refractive index of crown glass is 1.52’?
Answer:
The refractive index of crown glass is 1.52. This means that the ratio of the speed of light in air and the speed of light in crown glass is equal to 1.52.

Question 85.
The velocity of light in water is \(\frac{3}{4} t h\) times the velocity of light in vacuum. Find the refractive index of water.
Answer:
Let the velocity of light in vacuum be x. Now the velocity of light in water is \(\frac{3 x}{4}\)
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 47
The refractive index of water is 1.33.

Question 86.
The refractive index of water is 1.33. Explain the meaning of this statement In terms of speed of light
Answer:
The statement above means that the ratio between the speed of light in air (vacuum) and the speed of light in water is 1.33.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 87.
The refractive index of diamond is 2.42. What is the meaning of this statement?
Answer:
This statement means that the ratio between the speed of light in air and the speed of light in diamond is equal to 2.42.

Question 88.
Light enters from air to glass having refractive index 1.50. What is the speed of light in glass? The speed of light in vacuum is 3 × 108 ms-1.
Answer:
Given
Refractive index of glass, ng= 1.5; Speed of light in vacuum, C = 3 × 108 ms-1; Speed of light in glass, vg = ?
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 48

Question 89.
The velocity of light in water and kerosene is respectively 2.25 × 108 ms-1 and 2.08 × 108 ms-1. Which material has the highest refractive index? Prove your answer by calculation.
Answer:
Speed of light in water Vw = 2.25 × 108 ms-1
Speed of light in kerosene Vk = 2.08 × 108 ms-1
Refractive index of water nw = ?, Refractive index of kerosene nk = ?
Let us take the value of the speed of light in vacuum to be 108 ms-1.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 49
The refractive index of water is 1.33.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 50
The refractive index of kerosene is 1.44.

Question 90.
The refractive index of water, glass, diamond and alcohol are 1.33,1.5, 2.4 and 1.36 respectively. Compare the optical density of these substances. Also, find the medium with lowest optical density.
Answer:
The substances in the decreasing order of optical density are diamond, glass, alcohol and water. The substance with lowest optical density is water.

Question 91.
Find out from the table below, the medium havine highest optical density. Also find the medium with lowest optical density.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 51
From among the substances given in the table, diamond has highest optical density while air has lowest optical density. It may be noted here that a medium with highest refractive index will have the highest optical density and vice-versa.

In the table, diamond and air have the highest and lowest refractive index respectively. Therefore, diamond has the highest optical density and air has the lowest optical density.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 92.
You are given kerosene, turpentine and water. In which of these does light travel fastest? The refractive index of kerosene, turpentine and water are 1.44, 1,47 and 1.33 respectively.
Answer:
The speed of light is lower in that medium which has higher refractive index. Therefore, the speed of light in water is higher than the speed of light in kerosene; the speed of light in kerosene is higher than the speed of light in turpentine. Thus the speed of light is highest in water and lowest in turpentine.

Question 93.
Refractive index of media A, B, C and D are given in the table below.

Medium Refractive index
A 1.33
B 1.52
C 1.44
D 1.65

In which of these four media is the speed of light

  • highest
  • lowest?

Answer:
Of the given media, the refractive index of medium A has the lowest value of 1.33. Therefore, the speed of light is higher in medium A. The refractive index of medium D has the highest value of 1.65. Therefore, the speed of light is lowest in medium D.

Question 94.
What is a lens? Mention various types of lenses.
Answer:
Any transparent material bound by two surfaces, of which one or both surfaces are spherical, is called a lens. The various types of lenses are biconvex lens, biconcave lens, plano-concave lens, plano-convex lens and concavo-convex lens.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 52

Question 95.
Which are the two major types of lenses?
Answer:
The two major types of lenses are

  • convex lens
  • concave lens.

Question 96.
What is a convex lens? Show by a diagram the convergence of light by a convex lens.
Answer:
A lens that is bound by two bulged spherical surfaces is called a convex lens. It is also called a converging lens. A convex lens is thicker in the middle and thinner at the edges.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 53

Question 97.
What is a concave lens? Show by a diagram diverging action of a concave lens.
Answer:
A lens that is bound by two shallow spherical surfaces is called a concave lens. It is also called diverging lens. A concave lens is thinner in the middle and thicker at the edges.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 54

Question 98.
Define the following terms with reference to a lens

  1. centre of curvature
  2. principal axis
  3. optical centre
  4. aperture
  5. radius of curvature.

Answer:
1. Centre of curvature of a lens:
The centre of the sphere of which the surface of a lens forms a part is called its centre of curvature. A double convex lens and a double concave lens have two centres of curvature.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 55

2. Principal axis of a lens:
An imaginary straight line passing through the two centres of curvature of a lens is called its principal axis.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 56

3. Optical centre of a lens:
The geometric centre of a lens through which a ray of light passes through without undergoing any deviation is called the optical centre of the lens. It is represented by the letter O.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 57

4. Aperture of a lens:
The diameter of the refracting surface of a lens is called its aperture.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 58

5. Radius of curvature of a lens:
The radius of the sphere of which the refracting surface of a lens forms a part is called its radius of curvature. It is the distance between the optical centre and the centre of curvature of the given lens.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 99.
With the help of a suitable diagram explain the principal focus of a convex lens.
Answer:
When rays of light close and parallel to the principal axis are made to fall on a convex lens, after refraction, all the light rays actually pass through a fixed point on its principal axis. This point is known as the principal focus of the convex lens. It is represented by the letter F. A double convex lens has two principal foci, one on each side.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 59

Question 100.
How do you show that a convex lens converges light rays?
Answer:
Hold a convex lens in your hand. Direct it towards the Sun. Do not look at the sun through the lens. Focus the light from the Sun on a sheet of paper. Obtain a sharp bright image of the Sun on the paper. The rays from the sun are parallel. These parallel rays are brought to focus by the convex lens.

We get a bright tiny spot where the image of the sun is formed on the paper. Now, hold the paper and the lens in the same position -for a while. The paper begins to bum producing smoke. It may even catch fire after a while. This shows that a convex lens converges parallel rays of light.

Question 101.
With the help of a suitable diagram, explain the principal focus of a concave lens.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 60
When rays of light close and parallel to the principal axis are made to fall on a concave lens, after refraction, all the light rays appear to diverge from a fixed point on its principal axis. This point is known as the principal focus of the concave lens. It is represented by the letter F. A double concave lens has two principal foci.

Question 102.
Define focal length of a lens. Show this by suitable diagram.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 61
The distance between the optical centre (O) and the principal focus (F) of a spherical lens is called its focal length. It is represented by the symbol f

Question 103.
Describe a simple experiment to find out the focal length of a convex lens.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 62
Take a convex lens, a lens stand, and a screen. Place the convex lens on the lens stand. Direct the lens towards a bright distant object, say a tree. Place the screen on the other side of the lens. Move the screen back and forth until a sharp, well-defined image of the tree is formed on the screen. Measure the distance between the lens and the screen using a scale. This distance gives the approximate focal length of the convex lens.

Question 104.
Show by separate diagrams the refracted ray in a convex lens for the following incident rays:

  1. A ray parallel to the principal axis.
  2. A ray passing through the principal focus.
  3. A ray incident obliquely in the direction of optical centre.

Answer:
1. A ray parallel to the principal axis:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 63
A ray of light incident on a convex lens parallel to the principal axis, after refraction, will actually pass through the principal focus (F) on the other side of the lens.

2. A ray passing through the principal focus:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 64
A ray of light passing through or directed to the principal focus, will emerge parallel to the principal axis.

3. A ray incident obliquely in the direction of optical centre:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 65
A ray of light passing through the optical centre of a convex lens will emerge out without any deviation.

Question 105.
Draw ray diagrams to show the image formation by a convex lens when the. object is placed

  1. at infinity
  2. beyond 2F
  3. at 2F
  4. between F and 2F
  5. at F and
  6. between O and F.

Describe the nature, position and relative size of the image in each case.
Answer:
1. When the object is placed at infinity:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 66
When the object is placed at infinity, a convex lens forms a real, inverted and highly diminished image at its principal focus on the other side of the lens.

2. When the object is placed beyond 2F:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 67
When the object is placed at finite distance beyond 2F of a convex lens, we get a real, inverted and diminished image between F and 2F on the other side of the lens.

3. When the object is placed at 2F:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 68
When the object is placed at 2F of a convex lens, we get a real, inverted image equal to the size of the object at 2F on the opposite side of the lens.

4. When the object is placed between F and 2F:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 69
When the object is placed between F and 2F of a convex lens, we get a real, inverted and magnified image beyond 2F on the other side of the lens.

5. When the object is placed at the principal focus (F):
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 71
When the object is placed at the principal focus of a convex lens, a real, inverted and a highly magnified image is formed at infinity.

6. When the object is placed between optical centre (O) and principal focus (F):
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 72
When an object is placed between O and F of a convex lens, we get a virtual, erect and magnified image on the same side of the lens as the object.

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 106.
Show by separate diagrams, the refracted ray produced by a concave lens for the following incident rays

  1. A ray of light parallel to the principal axis.
  2. A ray of light passing through the principal focus.
  3. A ray of light passing through the optical centre.

Answer:
1. A ray of light parallel to the principal axis:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 73
A ray of light parallel to the principal axis, after refraction from a concave lens, appears to diverge from the principal focus (F) located on the same side of the lens.

2. A ray of light passing through the principal focus:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 74
A ray of light appearing to meet at the principal focus of a concave lens, after refraction, will emerge parallel to the principal axis.

3. A ray of light passing through the optical centre:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 75
A ray of light passing through the optical centre of a concave lens, after refraction, will move without any deviation.

Question 107.
Draw ray diagrams to show the image formed by a concave lens when the object is placed

  1. at infinity
  2. at a finite distance in front of the lens.

Describe the nature, position and relative size of the image in each case.

OR

Draw ray diagrams to show the nature, position and relative size of the image formed by a concave lens
Answer:
1. When the object is placed at infinity:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 76
When the object is placed at infinity, a concave lens gives a virtual, erect and highly diminished image (point image) at its principal focus on the same side of the lens as object.

2. When the object is placed at a finite distance in front of the lens:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 77
When the object is placed at a finite distance from a concave lens, we get a virtual, erect ar:’ diminished image between focus and optical centre on the same side of the lens.

Question 108.
Summarize in a table the nature, position and relative size of the image formed by concave lens for various position of the object.
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 78

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 109.
Distinguish between a convex lens and a concave lens.
Answer:
Convex lens:

  1. Converges light rays.
  2. Lens is thicker in the middle and thinner at the edges.
  3. Gives either a real image or a virtual image depending on the position of the object with respect to the lens.
  4. Gives either a diminished image, enlarged image or image of the same size depending on the position of the object.

Concave lens:

  1. Diverges light rays.
  2. Thinner in the middle and thicker at the edges.
  3. Always gives virtual image irrespective of the position of the object with respect to the lens.
  4. Gives only diminished image of the object irrespective of the position of the object with respect to the lens.

Question 110.
State the sign convention for lenses.
Answer:
The following sign conventions must be followed for lenses

  1. All distances along the principal axis must be measured from the optical centre of the lens.
  2. Distances measured in the direction of the incident ray are taken as positive and those measured against it are taken as negative.
  3. The focal length of a convex lens is taken as positive and that of a concave lens as negative.
  4. Distances measured perpendicular to and above the principal axis are taken as positive and distances perpendicular to and below the principal axis are taken as negative.

Question 111.
Write the lens formula and give the meaning of the symbols used.
Answer:
The lens formula is
\(\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{v}-\frac{1}{u}\)
where, v = distance of image from the opucal centre of lens
u = distance of object from the optical centre of lens
f = focal length of lens.

Question 112.
Define magnification produced by a tens. Give suitable equations for it.
Answer:
The magnification produced by a lens is defined as the ratio of the height of the image and the height of the object. It is represented by the letter m.
If h is the height of the object and h’ is the height of the image given by a lens, then the magnification produced by the lens is given by,
Magnification, m \(=\frac{\text { Height of the image }}{\text { Height of the object }}=\frac{h^{\prime}}{h}\)

Magnification produced by a lens is also defined as the ratio between object-distance, u and the image-distance, v. This relationship is given by
Magnification, m \(=\frac{\text { Image distance }}{\text { Object distance }}=\frac{\mathbf{v}}{\mathbf{u}}\)

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 113.
A concave lens has focal length of 15 cm. At what distance should the object be placed from the lens so that it forms an image at 10 cm from the lens? Also, find the magnification produced by the lens.
Answer:
Given
Image distance, v = -10 cm
Focal length,f = -15 cm
Object distance, u = ?
For a lens,
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 100
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 79
Thus, the object must be placed 30 cm from the lens,
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 80
The positive sign shows that the image is erect and virtual. The image is one-third the size of the object.

Question 114.
A 2.0 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length 10 cm. The distance of the object from the lens is IS cm. Find the nature, position and size of the image. Also find its magnification.
Answer:
Given
Height of the object, h = + 2.0 cm
Focal length,f = + 10 cm
Object distance, u = -15 cm
Image distance, v = ?
Height of the image, h’ = 1
For a lens,
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 81
The image is formed at a distance of 30 cm on the other side of the optical centre and the image is real, inverted and enlarged.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 82
The image is twice the size of the object.

Question 115.
A concave lens of focal length 15 cm forms an image 10 cm from the lens. How far is the object placed from the lens? Draw the ray diagram.
Answer:
Given
Focal length,f= -15 cm
Image distance, v = -10 cm
Object distance, u = ?
For a lens,
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 83
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 84

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 116.
The focal length of a concave lens is 30 cm. At what distance should the object be placed from the lens so that it forms an image at 20 cm from the lens?
Answer:
Given
Image distance, v = -20 cm
Focal length,f= -30 cm
Object distance, u = ?
We know that for a lens,
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 85
The object must be kept at a distance of 60 cm from the lens.

Question 117.
One-half of a convex lens is covered with a black paper. Will this lens produce a complete image of the object? Verify your answer experimentally. Explain your observations.
Answer:
Yes, the lens will produce a complete image. Even if half of the convex lens is covered with black paper, the lens will produce a complete image. However, the intensity of the image gets reduced. This can be verified experimentally by using a lighted candle and a convex lens.

Take a lighted candle and place it in front of a convex lens mounted on a stand. Move the candle back and forth to obtain the full image on the screen. Once the full image is observed, mark the position of the candle. Now cover the lower half of the lens with a black opaque paper. Do not change the position of the candle.

Now, we observe a full image of the candle, but the intensity is reduced. This is because the covered part of the lens does not allow light to pass through it. So the amount of light reaching the screen is reduced.

Question 118.
An object 5 cm in length is held 25 cm away from a conversine lens of focal length 10 cm. Draw the ray diagram and find the position, size and the nature of the image formed. Also find the height of the image.
Answer:
Given
Object size, h’ = 5 cm
Object distance, u = -25 cm
Focal length of the lens,f= 10 cm
Image distance, v = ?
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 86
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 87
A real image is formed on the other side of the lens at 16.66 cm.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 88
A real, inverted and diminished image 3.3 cm tall is formed below the principal axis.

Question 119.
What is meant by power of a lens? Mention its S.I. unit
Answer:
The degree of convergence or divergence of light rays achieved by a lens is expressed in terms of its power. The power of a lens is defined as the reciprocal of its focal length, when focal length is expressed in metre.
\(Power (P)=\frac{1}{\text { focal length (in metre) }}=\frac{1}{f}\)
The S.I. unit of power of a lens is called ‘dioptre’ (D).

Question 120.
Define 1 dioptre of power of a lens.
Answer:
1 dioptre is the power of a lens whose focal length is 1 metre.

Question 121.
What is the meaning of “The power of a lens is 1 dioptre”?
Answer:
One dioptre is the power of a lens whose focal length is 1 metre.

Question 122.
Find the power of a concave lens of focal length 2 m.
Answer:
\(\text { Power }=\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{-2 m}=-0.5 D\)

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 123.
A convex lens forms a real and inverted image of a needle at a distance of SO cm from it. Where is the needle placed in front of the convex lens if the image is equal to the size of the object? Also, find the power of the lens.
Answer:
Given
Image distance, v = 50 cm
Magnification, m = 1
Object distance, u = ?
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 89
The needle is placed 50 cm from the lens.
Focal length of the convex lens \(f=\frac{50}{2}=25 \mathrm{cm}=0.25 \mathrm{m}\)
Power of the lens \(P=\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{0.25 m}=+4 D\)

Question 124.
Find the focal length of a lens of power -2.0 D. What type of lens is this?

OR

If the power of a lens is -2.0 D, then what type of lens is it?
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 90
Since f is negative, the lens is concave.

Question 125.
A doctor has prescribed a corrective lens of power +1.5 D. Find the focal length of the lens. Is the prescribed lens diverging or conversine?
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 91
Since power is positive, lens is converging or convex

Question 126.
Name the type of mirror that always produces virtual image. Mention one use of this mirror.
Answer:
A concave lens always gives a virtual image. Concave lens is used to correct myopia.

Question 127.
An object is kept at a distance of 20 cm from a lens of power +5 D. State the nature, position and relative size of the image formed in this situation. Draw a suitable ray diagram for this.
Answer:
Focal length (in metre), \(f=\frac{1}{\text { Power }}=\frac{1}{+5 D}=+0.2 \mathrm{m} .=+20 \mathrm{cm}\)
This is a convex lens of focal length 20 cm. The object is kept at F. Therefore, a real, inverted and highly enlarged image is formed at infinity. The ray diagram for this is given below
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 92

Question 128.
The object distance of a lens is -30 cm and image distance is -10 cm. Find the magnification of the lens. With the help of this, decide whether the size of the image is smaller or bigger than the size of the object
Answer:
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 93

Fill In The Blanks

1. A lens that converges light rays is convex lens
2. The centre of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror is called pole
3. The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror of focal length 20 cm is 40 cm
4. The magnification in a plane mirror is always equal to 1
5. The mirror used as rear-view mirror in vehicles is convex mirror
6. The reciprocal of the focal length of a lens is called its power
7. According to Snell’s law, the ratio between sine of the angle of incidence and the sine of the angle of refraction is always constant
8. The centre of the sphere of which the refracting surface of a lens forms a part is called its centre of curvature

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which one of the following materials cannot be used to make a lens?
(A) Water
(B) Glass
(C) Plastic
(D) Clay
Answer:
(D) Clay

Question 2.
The image formed by a concave mirror is observed to be virtual, erect and larger than the object. Where should the position of the object be?
(A) Between the principal focus and the centre of curvature
(B) At the centre of curvature
(C) Beyond the centre of curvature
(D) Between the pole of the mirror and its principal focus.
Answer:
(D) Between the pole of the mirror and its principal focus.

Question 3.
Where should an object be placed in front of a convex lens to get a real image of the size of the object?
(A) At the principal focus of the lens
(B) At twice the focal length
(C) Between the optical centre of the lens and its principal focus.
(D) At infinity
Answer:
(B) At twice the focal length

Question 4.
A spherical mirror and a thin spherical lens have each a focal length of-15 cm. The mirror and the lens are likely to be
(A) both concave.
(B) both convex.
(C) the mirror is concave and the lens is convex.
(D) the mirror is convex, but the lens is concave.
Answer:
(A) both concave.

Question 5.
No matter how far you standfrom a mirror, your image appears erect. The mirror is likely to be
(A) plane.
(B) concave.
(C) convex.
(D) either plane or convex.
Answer:
(D) either plane or convex.

Question 6.
The image formed by a plane mirror is always
(A) virtual and erect
(B) real and erect
(C) real and inverted
(D) virtual and inverted
Answer:
(A) virtual and erect

Question 7.
A concave mirror gives a real, inverted image equal to the size of the object when the object is placed
(A) at F
(B) at infinity
(C) at C
(D) beyond C
Answer:
(C) at C

Question 8.
If the power of a lens is -40 D, its focal length is
(A) 4 m
(B) -40 m
(C) -0.25 m
(D) -0.025 m
Answer:
(D) -0.025 m

Question 9.
QuestA concave mirror gives a virtual, erect and enlarged image of the object when the object is
(A) at infinity
(B) between F and C
(C) between P and F
(D) beyond C
Answer:
(C) between P and F

Question 10.
In optics, an object which has higher refractive index, is called
(A) optically denser
(B) optically rarer
(C) optical density
(D) refractive index
Answer:
(A) optically denser

Question 11.
The optical phenomena, twinkling of stars, is due to
(A) Atmospheric reflection
(B) Atmospheric refraction
(C) Total reflection
(D) Total refraction
Answer:
(B) Atmospheric refraction

Question 12.
Convex lens gives a real, point sized image at the principal focus when the object is placed
(A) at 2F
(B) at focus
(C) at infinity
(D) between F and 2F
Answer:
(C) at infinity

Question 13.
The unit of power of lens is
(A) Metre
(B) Centimetre
(C) Dioptre
(D) joule per second
Answer:
(C) Dioptre

Question 14.
The radius of curvature of a mirror is 20 cm. The focal length is
(A) 10 cm
(B)20cm
(C).40cm
(D) 5 cm
Answer:
(A) 10 cm

Question 15.
The rear view mirror in motor vehicles is a
(A) plane mirror
(B) convex mirror
(C) concave mirror
(D) convex lens.
Answer:
(B) convex mirror

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 16.
A concave mirror forms a magnified inverted image when the object is placed at
(A) F
(B) C
(C) beyond C
(D) between F and C
Answer:
(D) between F and C

Question 17.
The laws of reflection hold good for
(A) plane mirrors only
(B) convex mirrors only
(C) concave mirrors only
(D) all types of mirrors
Answer:
(D) all types of mirrors

Question 18.
The mirror formula for a spherical mirror is
(A) \(\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{u}+\frac{1}{v}\)
(B) \(\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{2 u}+\frac{1}{v}\)
(C) \(\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{u}-\frac{1}{v}\)
(D) \(\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{u}+\frac{1}{2 v}\)
Answer:
(A) \(\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{u}+\frac{1}{v}\)

Question 19.
Negative value offocal length of a spherical mirror indicates that it is
(A) concave mirror
(B) convex mirror
(C) plane mirror
(D) convex mirror of small focal length
Answer:
(A) concave mirror

Question 20.
A convex mirror always gives
(A) a real, inverted, enlarged image of the object
(B) a real, diminished, erect image of the object
(C) a virtual, erect, diminished image of the object
(D) a virtual, inverted, enlarged image of the object.
Answer:
(C) a virtual, erect, diminished image of the object

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 21.
On a new stainless steel spoon, one can see the image of one’s face upside down. The part of the spoon acts like a
(A) convex lens
(B) concave mirror
(C) convex mirror
(D) concave lens
Answer:
(B) concave mirror

Question 22.
According to Cartesian Sign Convention,
(A) object distance is always negative.
(B) object distance is always positive
(C) image distance is always negative.
(D) image distance is always positive.
Answer:
(A) object distance is always negative.

Question 23.
Power of a lens is
(A) equal to its focal length
(B) reciprocal of the focal length (in metres)
(C) square of its focal length (in metres)
(D) reciprocal of its radius of curvature.
Answer:
(B) reciprocal of the focal length (in metres)

Question 24.
An object placed between F and 2F of a convex lens will produce
(A) a virtual image
(B) a diminished image
(C) a real and inverted image
(D) an erect image
Answer:
(C) a real and inverted image

Question 25.
Lens formula is expressed as
(A) \(\frac{1}{v}-\frac{1}{u}=\frac{1}{f}\)
(B) \(\frac{1}{v}+\frac{1}{u}=\frac{1}{f}\)
(C) \(\frac{1}{u}-\frac{1}{v}=\frac{1}{f}\)
(D) u + v = f
Answer:
(A) \(\frac{1}{v}-\frac{1}{u}=\frac{1}{f}\)

KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction

Question 26.
Magnitude of magnification less than 1 indicates that the
(A) size of image > size of object
(B) size of image = size of object
(C) size of image < size of object
(D) size of image is independent of size of object.
Answer:
(C) size of image < size of object Question

27. According to the law of refraction (Snell’s law),
(A) \(\frac{\sin \mathrm{i}}{\sin \mathrm{r}}=\mathrm{constant}\)
(B) angle i = angle r
(C) sin i = sin r
(D) sin i > sin r
Answer:
(A) \(\frac{\sin \mathrm{i}}{\sin \mathrm{r}}=\mathrm{constant}\)

Question 28.
Which of the following lenses would you prefer to use while reading small letters found in a dictionary?
(A) A convex lens of focal length 50 cm.
(B) A concave lens of focal length 50 cm.
(C) A convex lens of focal length 5 cm.
(D) A concave lens of focal length 5 cm.
Answer:
(C) A convex lens of focal length 5 cm.

Question 29.
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 94
Observe the figure above. The correct figure indicating the direction of the light ray FG after refraction is
(A) KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 95
(B) KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 96
(C) KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 97
(D) KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 98
Answer:
(D)
KSEEB Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction 99

Match The Following

Column A Column B
Position of the object with respect to a convex lens Position of the image
1. Between O and F (a) At F
2.  At F (b) At 2F
3.  Between F and 2F (c) Between F and 2F
4.  At 2F (d) Beyond 2F
5.  Beyond 2F (e) Same side of lens as objec
(f) At infinity -c.

Answer:
1 – e, 2 – f, 3 – d, 4 – b, 5 – c.

Column A Column B
Position of the object with respect to a concave mirror Properties of the image
1. Between P and F (a) Real and same size as the object
2. At F (b) Virtual and enlarged
3. Between C and F (c) Real and highly enlarged
4. At C (d) Real and enlarge
5. Beyond C (e) Real and point sized
6. At infinity (f) Real and diminished
(g) Real point image – f, 6 – e.

Answer:
1 – b, 2 – c, 3 – d, 4 – a, 5 – f, 6 – e.

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