Class 8

Students can Download English Lesson 1 The Heavenly Parasol Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 English Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka State Board Class 8 English Prose Chapter 1 The Heavenly Parasol

The Heavenly Parasol Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes

Pre-Reading Task:

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

Mace is a simple weapon. It has a heavy wooden or metal shaft, often reinforced with metal, featuring a head made of stones, copper, bronze, iron or steel. It was used in traditional warfare. For example, Bhima and Duryodhana fought with maces in the Mahabharatha war.

Now-a-days, maces are used as symbols of authority in the emblems of a number of government bodies, universities and academic, parliamentary or civic rituals.

Question 1.
What is a mace?
Answer:
The mace is a weapon.

Question 2.
What are the features of a mace?
Answer:
A mace has a heavy wooden or metal shaft and a head made of stone, copper, bronze, iron or steel.

Question 3.
What are the uses of a mace?
Answer:
A mace was used in traditional warfare. Nowadays, it is used as a symbol of authority in the emblems.

Question 4.
What is a ‘Parasol’?
Answer:
It is a light umbrella used to give shade from the sun.

Question 5.
Where is it used?
Answer:
It is used by people all over the world.

Question 6.
Why is it used?
Answer:
It is used as a protection from the hot sun.

I. Comprehension:

A. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each:

Question 1.
What was the name of the beautiful princess of Pragjyotisha?
Answer:
Amritaprabha was the name of the princess of Pragjyotisha.

Question 2.
What was arranged for her, when she attained the age of marriage?
Answer:
A ‘Swayamvara’ was arranged for her to choose her husband.

Question 3.
Who was Meghavahana?
Answer:
Meghavahana was the great grandson of a former king of Kashmir.

Question 4.
Why did the priest cry out in surprise?
Answer:
The parasol of Varuna had cast its shadow over Meghavahana. So, the priest cried out in surprise.

Question 5.
What was the uniqueness of the parasol?
Answer:
The parasol would cast its shadow over a sovereign of the whole world and no one else.

Question 6.
Why did the ministers of the Kashmir court make an offer to Meghavahana to be their king?
Answer:
The ministers were dissatisfied with their ruler. The king had devoted himself to a life of prayer and neglected the affairs of the kingdom.

Question 7.
What was the law imposed by Meghavahana in his kingdom?
Answer:
Meghavahana imposed a law against the killing of living beings.

Question 8.
Why did Meghavahana want to conquer the island of Lanka?
Answer:
Meghavahana wanted to conquer the island of Lanka and teach the demons the ways of peace.

Question 9.
What did Meghavahana witness in the middle of the wood?
Answer:
Meghavahana saw some sort of human sacrifice in progress on the steps of a temple of Chandika.

Question 10.
Why did the barbarian want to kill an innocent man?
Answer:
The barbarian’s son was ill and dying. The barbarian wanted to kill the man in sacrifice, so that the gods would be pleased and save his son’s life.

Question 11.
How did Meghavahana rescue both the victim and the barbarian’s son?
Answer:
Meghavahana offered his body in sacrifice to Chandika to save the lives of the victim and the barbarian’s son.

Question 12.
What happened when Meghavahana was about to strike himself?
Answer:
As Meghavahana was about to strike himself, his head was covered with divine flowers of exquisite colour and perfume. Someone held back his arm from killing himself.

Additional Questions:

Question 13.
Who came to the swayamvara of Amritaprabha?
Answer:
Many illustrious suitors came to the swayamvara of princess Amritaprabha.

Question 14.
Why did many illustrious suitors assemble in Pragjyotisha?
Answer:
The suitors had heard tales of Amritaprabha’s beauty. So, they came to Pragjyotisha to win her hand.

Question 15.
What was Meghavahana’s ambition?
Answer:
Meghavahana wanted to conquer other kingdoms and impose the law against killing of living beings on them.

Question 16.
Where did the plaintive call that Meghavahana heard come from?
Answer:
It came from a nearby wood.

Question 17.
What did the barbarian say when Meghavahana offered himself in sacrifice to Chandika?
Answer:
The barbarian could not believe himself. He told Meghavahana that he was a king and his life should be protected at all times. He said that the life of the victim was of no significance and asked Meghavahana not to show any pity or compassion to the victim.

Question 18.
Why had god Varuna come there?
Answer:
God Varuna had come to reclaim his parasol.

Question 19.
Who had taken away god Varuna’s parasol?
Answer:
The parasol was carried away by Bhauma, the father of Meghavahana’s father-in-law.

Question 20.
What powers did the parasol have?
Answer:
The parasol had the powers to put an end to calamities in a land.

Question 21.
What boon did Meghavahana ask Varuna?
Answer:
Meghavahana requested Varuna to help him cross the sea.

Question 22.
Who was the king of Lanka?
Answer:
Vibhishana was the king of Lanka.

Question 23.
How did Meghavahana conquer the island of Lanka?
Answer:
Meghavahana assembled his army on the shore of the sea. The waves of the sea frightened the soldiers. Meghavahana rode on his horse and entered the sea. All at once, the seawater parted and there was a clear path to cross the sea. Meghavahana reached Lanka with his army and won over its king Vibhishana, in friendship.

Question 24.
Why was Amritaprabha confused? What did she ask Meghavahana?
Answer:
Amritaprabha was confused because Meghavahana had returned without the heavenly parasol. The parasol had never left his side till then. She asked him where the parasol was.

Question 25.
What did Meghavahana tell Amritaprabha about the parasol?
Answer:
Meghavahana said that the parasol did not belong to him. It had been returned to its rightful owner. He hoped the divine owner of the parasol would guide him through his life.

B. Answer the following in about 150-200 words each:

Question 1.
Describe the incident of how Meghavahana got the heavenly parasol.
Answer:
Amritaprabha, the princess of Pragjyotisha, was a beautiful young girl. When she attained marriageable age, her father, the king, arranged a swayamvara, so that she could choose her husband. Many famous young men who wanted to marry her assembled in Pragjyotisha. Meghavahana, the prince of Kashmir, also came there. Amritaprabha came into the court where her suitors were sitting. She garlanded Meghavahana. Meghavahana was very happy. He and his bride went near the king to seek his blessings. All of a sudden the heavenly parasol of Varuna appeared beside Meghavahana and cast its shadow over him. The king said that the parasol favoured only the sovereign of the whole world and that he was going to be very famous.

Question 2.
How did Varuna, the Lord of the Seas, test Meghavahana’s nobility of mind?
Answer:
Meghavahana became the king of Kashmir. He passed a law against killing of living beings. Once, on his expedition, he and his army were taking rest in the shadow of the palm groves. He heard the plaintive call of a man.

Meghavahana went in search of the man and came near a Durga temple where a barbarian was about to kill a man. Meghavahana ordered the barbarian to stop and asked him why he was killing the man. The barbarian said that his son was suffering from a fatal disease and was on his death bed. He wanted to kill the victim in sacrifice and appease the gods. He hoped the gods would save his son’s life.

He pleaded with the king to allow him to kill the innocent man to save his son and relatives. Meghavahana decided to save the victim and the dying boy. He asked the barbarian to kill him and offer his body in sacrifice to goddess Durga. When the barbarian refused to kill him, Meghavahana drew out his sword and was about to strike himself. Then, someone held back his hand. He turned round and saw god Varuna appear before him. The ailing boy, the victim and the barbarian had vanished by then. God Varuna said that he had created that illusion to test Meghavahana’s nobility of mind.

II. Read the following statements and answer the questions that follow:

1. “It casts its shade on none else but a sovereign of the whole world… ”

Question a.
Who said this?
Answer:
The king of Pragjyotisha said this.

Question b.
Who was it said to?
Answer:
It was said to Meghavahana.

Question c.
When was it said?
Answer:
When the parasol of Varuna appeared beside Meghavahana and cast its shadow over him.

2. “You wretch You dare to threaten another’s life in my realm.”

Question a.
Who said this?
Answer:
King Meghavahana said this.

Question b.
To whom was it said?
Answer:
It was said to the barbarian.

Question c.
Why was it said?
Answer:
The barbarian was about to kill a man in sacrifice.

3. “If you cannot bring yourself to strike at me, I will use my own sword for the purpose.”

Question a.
Who said this?
Answer:
King Meghavahana said this.

Question b.
Who was the listener?
Answer:
The barbarian.

Question c.
What meaning does this sentence convey?
Answer:
The king asked the barbarian to kill him in sacrifice. The barbarian refused to do so. The king said that he would kill himself with his own sword.

Multiple Choice Questions:

Four alternatives are given for each of the following questions/ incomplete statements. Choose the most appropriate alternative.

Question 1.
One of the suitors who came to the swayamvara at Pragjyotisha was
A) Varuna
B) Meghavahana
C) a barbarian
D) Vibhishana
Answer:
B) Meghavahana

Question 2.
Amritaprabha was the princess of
A) Lanka
B) Kashmir
C) Mathura
D) Pragjyotisha
Answer:
D) Pragjyotisha

Question 3.
Meghavahana rose to his feet unable to contain his joy because
A) to his surprise, Amritaprabha garlanded him
B) he got hold of the parasol
C) he was made the king of Kashmir
D) the waters parted as soon as he plunged into the ocean
Answer:
A) to his surprise, Amritaprabha garlanded him

Question 4.
The priest cried out in surprise because
A) the parasol of Varuna cast its shadow over the prince
B) Amritaprabha garlanded Meghavahana
C) the couple moved forward to seek the king’s blessings
D) the king stepped down from his throne
Answer:
A) the parasol of Varuna cast its shadow over the prince

Question 5.
The parasol belonged to
A) Bhauma
B) Varuna
C) Vibhishana
D) Meghavahana
Answer:
B) Varuna

Question 6.
The parasol cast its shadow only on
A) kings
B) princes
C) a sovereign of the whole world
D) barbarians
Answer:
C) a sovereign of the whole world

Question 7.
The person on whom the parasol cast its shadow was destined
A) to become the king
B) for glory and brilliance
C) to marry a princess
D) to conquer the island of Lanka
Answer:
B) for glory and brilliance

Question 8.
The ministers of the Kashmir court offered the throne to Meghavahana because
A) they were dissatisfied with their present ruler
B) the ruler had devoted himself to a life of prayer
C) the ruler had neglected the affairs of the kingdom
D) all of the above
Answer:
D) all of the above

Question 9.
Meghavahana wanted to conquer the island of Lanka because
A) he wanted to get the parasol from Vibhishana
B) he wanted, to impose the law against killing of living beings on them
C) he wanted to teach the demons the ways of peace
D) he wanted to become the sovereign of the whole world
Answer:
C) he wanted to teach the demons the ways of peace

Question 10.
The barbarian wanted to kill the man
A) to please the Gods and save his son’s life
B) as he was hungry
C) as he was wandering alone in the forest.
D) because the man’s life was of no significance
Answer:
A) to please the Gods and save his son’s life

Question 11.
The king drew out his sword because
A) he wanted to kill the barbarian
B) he wanted to kill the man.
C) he pitied the victim
D) he wanted to save the victim as well as the barbarian’s son
Answer:
D) he wanted to save the victim as well as the barbarian’s son

Question 12.
As Meghavahana was about to strike himself
A) the parasol saved him
B) someone held back his hand
C) a person of heavenly appearance saved him
D) the barbarian, the victim and the ailing boy vanished
Answer:
B) someone held back his hand

Question 13.
Meghavahana’s arm was held back by
A) Varuna
B) Bhauma
C) Vibhishana
D) Amritaprabha
Answer:
A) Varuna

Question 14.
The parasol of Varuna was carried away by
A) Meghavahana
B) Vibhishana
C) Bhauma
D) Amritaprabha
Answer:
C) Bhauma

Question 15.
Varuna created the illusion because
A) he wanted to get back his parasol
B) he wanted to help Meghavahana reach Lanka
C) he wanted to make Meghavahana the sovereign of the whole world
D) he wanted to test Meghavahana’s nobility of mind
Answer:
D) he wanted to test Meghavahana’s nobility of mind

Question 16.
Varuna promised to help Meghavahana cross over to Lanka by
A) pulling away the water of the ocean
B) using the power of the parasol
C) plunging into the foaming ocean
D) carrying him on his shoulders
Answer:
A) pulling away the water of the ocean

Question 17.
The king of Lanka was
A) Ravana
B) Vibhishana
C) Dushyasana
D) Bhauma
Answer:
B) Vibhishana

Question 18.
Amritaprabha looked around in confusion because
A) the skies darkened suddenly
B) the parasol was still with Meghavahana
C) she was surprised to see him return so soon
D) she did not see the parasol
Answer:
D) she did not see the parasol

Question 19.
Meghavahana was
A) the king of Pragjyotisha
B) the great grandson of a former king of Kashmir
C) the brother of Vibhishana
D) the king of Lanka
Answer:
B) the great grandson of a former king of Kashmir

Question 20.
What was unique about the parasol?
A) It could cast its shadow even from heaven.
B) It belonged to the Gods.
C) It had the power to quell calamities.
D) It would cast its shadow only over a sovereign of the whole world
Answer:
D) It would cast its shadow only over a sovereign of the whole world

Question 21.
In the middle of the wood, Meghavahana witnessed
A) a parasol casting its shadow
B) a sort of human sacrifice
C) an ailing boy
D) a person of heavenly appearance
Answer:
B) a sort of human sacrifice

Question 22.
Meghavahana rescued both the victim and the barbarian’s son by
A) making them disappear
B) taking them to Lanka
C) offering to kill himself in sacrifice
D) using the power of the parasol
Answer:
C) offering to kill himself in sacrifice

Question 23.
Illustrious suitors assembled at Pragjyotisha to
A) win the hand of Amritaprabha
B) see the power of the parasol
C) see the beauty of Amritaprabha
D) see Meghavahana crowned king
Answer:
A) win the hand of Amritaprabha

III. Language Activity:

Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions:

1. Due to heavy rainfall the huge tree fell ………….. and unfortunately Shamu was caught ……………. the tree. (under, down, below)
2. There is a roof us …………. . (above, over)
3. I bought a gift ……………. my brother. (to, for)
4. Sheetal took leave …………….. her office. (of, from)
5. They climbed …………… the stairs, went the ………….. terrace to have a view of the star studded sky. (on, up, above)
6. I have to go to a meeting …………….. 12-30 p.m.(at, on)
7. I cried “Help, Help” when the boy fell ……………… the well. ‘ (down, into)
8. Shika travels …………….. Chandigarh …………. Delhi every week. (on, from, to)
9. My sister’s wedding is Hotel Taj, ……………. Mumbai. (in, on, at)
10. Shashank took an express bus to Mysore, which goes ……………… Mandya. (by, through)

Answers:

1. down, under
2. over
3. for
4. from
5. up, on
6. at
7. into
8. from, to
9. at, in
10. through

IV. Dictionary Use:

A. Choose the appropriate specialists given below in brackets for the following ailments:
[Gynaecologist, Paediatrician, Obstetrician, Dermatologist, Ophthalmologist, Cardiologist, Psychiatrist, Psychologist, Orthopaedician, Physiotherapist]

1. Sheela has got white patches on her skin. She needs to consult a …………….. .
2. Priya cannot see the letters on the board. She has to see an ……………….. .
3. The child is suffering from fever. The parents have to take him to a …………. .
4. Kiran fell from the cycle and his bones got injured. He immediately consulted an ………… .
5. Students are under stress due to their exams. They should have a session with a …………… .
6. My grandfather had a pain in the chest. We took him to a …………….. .
7. This person has really gone mad. He needs the help of a ……………….. .
8. Rohan always suffers from muscle catch and cramps. So, he always visits his ………….. .
9. Ritu introduced me to a ……………… who delivered her baby.
10. A ……………. specialises in treating the ailments of women.

Answers:

1. Dermatologist
2. Ophthalmologist
3. Pediatrician
4. Orthopaedician
5. Psychologist
6. Cardiologist
7. Psychiatrist
8. Physiotherapist
9. Obstetrician
10. Gynecologist

VII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word chosen from the brackets:

1. I can’t you from such a distance. Come …….. and tell me. [here, hear]
2. Arjun used …………. formula to solve the [sum, some]
3. Veena has of rupees but still she ……….. peace. [lacks, lakhs]
4. Two years ago, the shop was and so it …………. to exist. [ceased, seized]
5. We should …………. how to say without hurting others. [no, know]

Answers:

1. hear, here
2. some, sum
3. lakhs, lacks
4. seized, ceased
5. know, no.

VIII. Reading Activity:

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

Alexander Fleming
His name was Fleming, and he was a poor Scottish farmer. One day, while trying to eke out a living for his family, he heard a cry for help coming from a nearby bog. He dropped his tools and ran to the bog. There, mired to his waist in black muck, was a terrified boy, screaming and struggling to free himself. Farmer Fleming saved the lad from what could have been a slow and terrifying death.

The next day, a fancy carriage pulled up at the Scotsman’s sparse surroundings. An elegantly dressed nobleman stepped out and introduced himself as the father of the boy Farmer Fleming had saved.

“I want to repay you”, said the nobleman. “You saved my son’s life.” “No, I can’t accept payment for what I did”, the Scottish farmer replied, waving aside the offer. At that moment, the farmer’s own son came to the door of the family hovel.

“Is that your son?” the nobleman asked. “Yes,” the farmer replied proudly. “I’ll make you a deal. Let me take him and give him a good education. If the lad is anything like his father, he’ll grow into a man you can be proud of”, said the nobleman. And that he did.

In time, Farmer Fleming’s son graduated from St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School in London, and went on to become known throughout the world as the noted Sir Alexander Fleming, the discoverer of Penicillin. Years afterward, the nobleman’s son was stricken with pneumonia. What saved him? Penicillin. The name of the nobleman? Lord Randolph Churchill. His son’s name? Sir Winston Churchill.

IX. Answer the following as directed:

Question 1.
Find the meanings of the following words: (Take the help of a dictionary)
a) bog
b) muck
c) lad
d) sparse
e) hovel
f) pneumonia.
Answer:
a) bog – an area of wet soft ground
b) muck – dirt or mud
c) lad – boy
d) sparse – thin and scattered
e) hovel – a small house that is not fit to live in because it is damp, dirty, etc.
f) pneumonia – a serious illness affecting the lungs.

Question 2.
Farmer Fleming saved the boy from
Answer:
a slow and terrifying death.

Question 3.
What was the deal made by the nobleman with Farmer Fleming?
Answer:
The nobleman offered to take farmer Fleming’s son and give him a good education.

Question 4.
Farmer Fleming’s son graduated from
Answer:
St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School in London.

Question 5.
Who was Farmer Fleming’s son?
Answer:
Alexander Fleming was farmer Fleming’s son.

Question 6.
The nobleman’s son suffered from
Answer: pneumonia.

Question 7.
What is the lesson you learn from the story?
Answer:
If you help others someone else will help you. Kindness begets kindness.

Question 8.
The nobleman’s son was (Fill in the blank)
Answer:
Sir Winston Churchill.

X. Fill the missing letters in the adjectives:

Eg: The character of a person who gets angry very fast:

short-tempered

1. The character of a person who always remains calm and poised: c _ _p_s_d
2. The character of a person who is concerned too much with his own needs or wishes: s_ _ f_s_.
3. The character of a person which is compared to a fox: c_n_ _ng
4. The character of a person who is careful and precise in everything: m_t_cu_o_s
5. The character of a person who exhibits very strong emotions or intense enthusiasm for something: p_ss_ _n_t_.

Answers:

1. c o m p o s e d
2. s e l f i s h
3. c u n n i n g.
4. m e t i c u l o u s
5. p a s s i o n a t e

The Heavenly Parasol Summary in English

Amritaprabha was the princess of Pragjyotisha. She was a beautiful young lady. When she attained the age of marriage, the king arranged a swayamvara. She was free to choose her husband. Many suitors, who had heard of her great beauty, came to Pragjyotisha to marry her.

Meghavahana, the prince of Kashmir, also came there. Amritaprabha entered the court hall, had a look at all the suitors and then put the garland around Meghavahana’s neck. He became very happy. Meghavahana and Amritaprabha moved towards the king to take his blessings. The priest cried out in surprise saying that the parasol of Varuna had cast his shadow over the prince. The king also noticed it and said to Meghavahana that he was favoured by the gods. Meghavahana saw by his side, a beautiful, dazzling, white parasol with exquisite decorations that was casting its shadow over him.

The king explained that it was the parasol of Varuna, the god of the seas, and it cast its shadow only on a sovereign of the whole world. The king was sure that Meghavahana was destined to become great and famous. Meghavahana was happy with the good omens. He returned home with Amritaprabha and the heavenly parasol. The then ruler of Kashmir had taken to a life of prayer and neglected the affairs of the kingdom. The ministers requested Meghavahana to become their king for he was brave, famous and good natured. Meghavahana accepted their offer and became the king.

Meghavahana passed a law against the killing of living beings in his kingdom. His ambition was to conquer other kingdoms and impose that law on them also. He set out to fulfil his ambition. Once, he was resting near the sea in the shade of palm groves, with his army. He thought of conquering the island of Lanka and teach the demons the peaceful ways of life. But, he did not know how to cross1 the sea with his army. All of a sudden he heard a cry in the air and a call which said even under the rule of Meghavahana, he was being killed. It seemed to come from a wood nearby. Meghavahana was agitated. He ran towards the wood. He came near a Durga temple and saw some sort of human sacrifice in progress on the steps of the temple. He found a man pleading for mercy and a barbarian standing over him with a raised sword.

Meghavahana ordered him to stop. The barbarian recognised the king and fell at his feet. He said that he was the leader of the barbarians and his son had fallen prey to a deadly disease and was on his death bed. He wanted to kill the man and appease the gods to save his son. He also said, if his son died, the rest of his group would give up their lives. Meghavahana felt sorry for the boy.

The barbarian said that the man was wandering about alone and friendless in the forest. According to the barbarian, the life of the victim was insignificant when compared to the lives of his son and troop members. Meghavahana looked at the terrified man and made his decision. He told the barbarian that he would save his son as well as the victim. He asked the barbarian to kill him and offer his body in sacrifice to the goddess.

The barbarian could not believe his ears. He told Meghavahana that he was the king and his life should be protected at all times. He requested the king to kill the victim as his life was of no value. Meghavahana insisted on being killed to save the lives of the victim and the barbarian’s son. The barbarian hung his head and kept quiet. Meghavahana decided to kill himself. He drew his sword and was about to strike himself with it. Then someone held back his hand. God Varuna appeared before him.

God Varuna praised Meghavahana for his nobility of mind and compassion. He said that he had created that illusion to test Meghavahana. God Varuna said that he hyd come to reclaim his parasol, which was carried away by King Bhauma, the father of Meghavahana’s father-in-law. The parasol had the powers to suppress the calamities in his land. Meghavahana bowed to god Varuna and returned the parasol to him. He requested god Varuna to help him cross the seas and conquer the island of Lanka. God Varuna granted him the boon and promised to pull away the water whenever Meghavahana wanted.

The next day, Meghavahana rode into the sea on his horse. The sea water parted and Meghavahana was able to reach Lanka with his army. He befriended Vibhishana, the king of Lanka, and everything ended peacefully. When Meghavahana returned home, Amritaprabha found the parasol missing. She asked him about it. Meghavahana told her that it was not his at any time, but its owner’s blessings would guide him through his life.

Glossary:

parasol – light umbrella used to give shade from the sun
lure – attract or invite
exquisite – extremely beautiful or deLicate
cast – spread, act of throwing something
sovereign – person hoLding highest power
dazed – confused, surprised, bewildered
portent – sign or warning of an unpleasant future event
impose – try to make somebody to accept
expedition – journey or voyage with a particular aim
weary – tired
wood – small forest
sLain – killed violently
agitation – disturbed state of mind
brandish – dispLay, show
barbarian – primitive, coarse or cruel human being
victim – Living creature killed and offered as religious sacrifice
cringe – move back or Lower ones body in fear
incredulity – showing disbeLief
vanished – disappeared.

Students can Download English Lesson 7 The Great Sacrifice Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 English Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka State Board Class 8 English Prose Chapter 7 The Great Sacrifice

The Great Sacrifice Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes

Pre-Reading Task:

a) Read the extract from the Mahabharata and answer the following questions:

Kunti went to her son Karna and requested him not to reuse an arrow at the battlefield against Arjuna. Karna happily gave the boon. He thought that his mother was greater than his boon. Later on, he was easily killed by Arjuna in the battlefield as he would not re-use the arrow.

Question 1.
Why did Kunti go to Karna?
Answer:
Kunti went to Karna to ask for his Karna kundala and kavacha. She also requested him not to reuse an arrow in the battlefield against Arjuna.

Question 2.
Was Kunti right in taking away the three boons? Explain.
Answer:
No. She was not right in taking away the three boons. She knew that Karna could easily be killed without his armour. She wanted to save Arjuna by making Karna helpless.

Question 3.
What was the sacrifice made by Karna?
Answer:
Karna sacrificed not only his protective armour but also his life for the sake of his mother. He considered his mother’s wish more important than his life.

b) Discuss these points with your classmates:

Question 1.
What is the greatest thing that you can appreciate in your mother? Is it to give up everything she has for her child? Is it to give up her life for her child?
Answer:
Mother is considered to be God’s representative on the earth to take care of his children. Nothing can equal a mother’s love. A mother brings up her child with all the affection and love. In times of difficulty she is even ready to sacrifice everything she has for the sake of her child She does not care for her own comforts. Sometimes she sacrifices her own life. Both of these qualities are great. Only a mother does these and no one else. When it comes to the question of my mother, I do not want her to give up anything for me. I want her to lead a happy and contented life. I would do my best to keep her so.

I. Comprehension:

Answer the following in two or three sentences each:

Question 1.
Why were Padma and Panna worried?
Answer:
Padma and Panna were worried because everything was going wrong since the death of Ranaji. No one in the state of Mewar was happy.

Question 2. a.
Name the person who was ambitious.
Answer:
Banbir, a half brother of Prince Udai Singh.

Question b.
What is he compared to?
Answer:
He is compared to a snake.

Question c.
Why were the other nobles powerless against him?
Answer:
The nobles had become mean and selfish. They were quarrelling among themselves. Though they hated Banbir, they were not strong enough to go against him.

Question 3. a.
What did Banbir make up his mind to do?
Answer:
He resolved to kill Prince Udai Singh.

Question b.
Why had he resolved to do this?
Answer:
He wanted to become the permanent Rana of Mewar.

Question 4. a.
What did the Prince’s mother tell Panna when she was dying?
Answer:
The Prince’s mother told Panna that she had lost everything except her son. She was leaving him in her charge. She asked Panna to bring him up like her own child and protect him from all harm.

Question b.
What did Panna promise the Rani?
Answer:
Panna promised the queen that she would give her life to save the life of the prince.

Question 5. a.
What news did Champa bring?
Answer:
Champa said that Banbir was talking to a man outside, and he would be there in a few minutes.

Question b.
What did Banbir have in his hand?
Answer:
Banbir had a naked sword in his hand.

Question 6. a.
Why did Panna change the Prince’s clothes?
Answer:
Panna wanted to dress her own son in the Prince’s clothes. (She wanted the prince to look like an ordinary child.)

Question b.
Where did she put him?
Answer:
She put him in a basket.

Question c.
What did she cover him with?
She covered him with flowers and leaves.

Question 7.
Whose clothes did Panna make her baby wear? Whose bed did she put him in?
Answer:
Panna made her baby wear the Prince’s clothes. She’ put him in the ivory bed of the Prince.

Question 8.
Who did Banbir kill? Did he realise his mistake?
Answer:
Banbir killed Panna’s son, thinking that he was the Prince. He did not realise his mistake.

Question 9.
What are the main qualities you appreciate in Panna? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Answer:
Panna was a brave and courageous woman. In the time of danger she did not lose heart. She decided quickly what she should do to save the Prince’s life. She did not hesitate to sacrifice the life of her own son. She showed utmost courage and presence of mind. She was ready to do anything to keep her promise. Her resolute mind and loyalty deserve our appreciation.

Multiple Choice Questions:

Four alternatives are given for each of the following questions/ incomplete statements. Choose the most appropriate alternative.

Question 1.
The nurse of the infant Udai Singh was
A) Padma
B) Panna
C) Champa
D) Kunti
Answer:
B) Panna

Question 2.
The half-brother of Udai Singh who was ruling Mewar was
A) Kama
B) Ranaji
C) Rana Sangha
D) Banbir
Answer:
D) Banbir

Question 3.
The scene in the play takes place in the palace of
A) Chittoor
B) Mewar
C) Jodhpur
D) Udaipur
Answer:
A) Chittoor

Question 4.
Padma and Panna were worried because
A) both the Prince and Panna’s son were asleep
B) there was discontent among the people
C) everything was going wrong since the death of Ranaji
D) Banbir had resolved to kill the prince
Answer:
C) everything was going wrong since the death of Ranaji

Question 5.
Banbir is compared to
A) a snake
B) the Rana of Mewar
C) a fox
D) a murderer
Answer:
A) a snake

Question 6.
The nobles were powerless against Banbir because
A) they were quarrelling among themselves
B) they had become mean and selfish
C) they were not strong enough to oppose him
D) all of the above
Answer:
D) all of the above

Question 7.
Banbir had resolved to
A) become the permanent Rana of Mewar
B) kill the prince Udai Singh
C) kill some of the nobles
D) form a party of his own
Answer:
B) kill the prince Udai Singh

Question 8.
Panna had promised the Rani that
A) she would give her life to save the life of the prince
B) she would make the prince, the permanent Rana of Me war
C) she would be a mother to the prince and protect him from all harm
D) she would save the prince from Banbir
Answer:
A) she would give her life to save the life of the prince

Question 9.
Champa brought the news that
A) Banbir is talking to a man outside
B) Banbir is only a hundred yards away from there
C) Banbir is coming to kill the prince
D) All of the above
Answer:
D) All of the above

Question 10.
Panna saved the life of the prince by
A) putting him in a basket and sending it out of the palace
B) dressing her own child in the clothes of the prince
C) putting her own child in the prince’s bed
D) all of the above
Answer:
D) all of the above

Question 11.
Panna kept her promise to the Rani by
A) saving the life of the prince
B) making him the Rana of Mewar
C) taking the prince out of the palace
D) taking the prince to Asa Jha for protection
Answer:
D) taking the prince to Asa Jha for protection

Vocabulary:

A. Use the following present time expressions in meaningful sentences:
(still, yet, now, just).

He has still not completed his work.
He hasn’t come yet.
He has just gone out.
She has cooked some food now.

III. Rewrite these sentences using words given in brackets at the appropriate places:

a) The children have returned from the zoo. (just)
The children have just returned from the zoo.

b) I have had a ride on a camel, (never)
I have never had a ride on a camel.

c) We have had our lunch, (already)
We have had our lunch already.

d) Lata has sung before foreign audiences, (often)
Lata has often sung before foreign audiences.

e) I have seen the Republic Day Parade, (only once in my life)
I have seen the Republic Day parade only once in my life.

IV. Use the present perfect tense of the verbs given in brackets and fill in the blanks to complete the sentence:

V. a. Match the words in column A with their antonyms in column B:

A	B
Strong	Inside
Like	Begin
End	Dislike
Out side	Weak

Answer:
strong × weak
like × dislike
end × begin
outside × inside.

b) Fill in the blanks with words from the first column and add sentences using words from column B as well:

1. Don’t go It is raining.
Don’t go outside. It is raining. Stay inside.

2. The hero dies at the of the film.
The hero dies at the end of the film. Now, let’s begin our work.

3. All of us ice cream.
All of us like ice cream. Arun dislikes it.

4. This chair is You cannot break it.
This chair is strong. You cannot break it. You’re weak. You cannot even lift it.

c) Fill in the blanks using the correct tense forms of the verbs given in brackets:

The farmers and their families ………. a ………. (be) in their fields since six O’ clock in the morning. The farmers ……. b …….. (plough) their fields and their wives …….. c …….. (sow) the seeds. Their daughters …….. d …….. (put) earth on the seeds and their sons ………… e ……….. (water) the fields.
Answer:
a – have been
b – have ploughed
c – have sowed
d – have put
e – have watered.

d) Rewrite the above passage in the singular form. Begin this way.

A farmer and his family ……………. (be) in their field since six O’ clock in the morning.
Answer:
A farmer and his family has been in their field since six o’clock in the morning. The farmer has ploughed his field and his wife has sowed the seeds. His daughter has put earth (soil) on the seeds and his son has watered the field.

e) Imagine that the above scene took place yesterday. Rewrite the passage making minor alterations where necessary:

First sentence:
At 5 o’clock in the morning the farmers ……………. (plough) …………
Answer:
At 5 o’clock in the morning the farmers were ploughing their fields. The farmers ploughed their fields, and their wives sowed the seeds. Their daughters gut earth (mud) on the seeds and their sons watered the fields.

VI. Use the correct forms of the verbs given in brackets and fill in the blanks:

a. My wife …………. (try) to get a job but she has not succeeded yet.
b. The patient has had biscuits and has also ………..(drink) a glass of milk.
c. The bridegroom has ……….. (decide) not to take a single paisa as dowry.
d. The farmers had ………….. (know) that the sheaf of corn would fall.
e. The village Panchayat has …………. (nominate) my father as a member of the Panchayat.
Answer:
a – has been trying
b – drunk
c – decided
d – known
e – nominated.

VII. Imagine that Panna has just come out of the bed-chamber and is talking to you. Complete this paragraph:

Panna: I ……. a …… (save) Udai Singh’s life. I ……. b ……. (hide) him in a basket. Padma and Champa ……. c …… (take) the basket out. Banbir ……. d ……. (kill) my innocent little baby but I am not heart-broken. I …….. e ……… (do) my duty. I ………. f ……… (keep) my promise to the late queen.
Answer:
a – have saved
b – have hidden
c – have taken
d – has killed
e – have done
f – have kept.

The Great Sacrifice Summary in English

Characters:
Panna – The nurse of the infant Udai Singh.
Padma and Champa – Maids.
Banbir – a half-brother of Udai Singh, who was ruling Mewar for Udai Singh.
When the curtain rises we find infant prince Udai Singh sleeping on his ivory bed and Panna, his nurse, sitting on another bed. Her son, who is of the same age as the prince, is asleep beside her.

Padma, a maid, comes in. Panna and Padma are greatly worried about the political situation in Mewar. From their conversation we learn that Banbir, the half brother of the prince, had become ambitious. He had killed some nobles and suppressed the others. He had become an autocrat. Everyone was afraid of him. After the death of Ranaji nothing was going right. No one was happy. The nobles had become mean and selfish and quarrelsome. There was discontent among the people and in the army. Though Banbir was not liked by anyone, no one was courageous enough to oppose him.

Panna compares him to a snake. She says Banbir is an ungrateful person, and a curse to the house of Mewar. Padma tells her that Banbir was planning to become the permanent Rana of Mewar, and that he had decided to kill prince Udai Singh. Panna says, if Banbir has resolved to kill the prince, she has resolved to save the prince. Panna recalls the day on which she had promised the dying queen, the mother of Udai Singh, that she would give her life to save the life of the prince.

While Panna and Padma are talking, Champa, another maid, comes in running. She informs Panna that she had seen Banbir rushing towards the bed chamber of the prince with a sword in his hand. Panna requests Champa and Padma to help her. She lifts Udai Singh from the bed, changes his clothes and puts him in a basket and then covers him with flowers and leaves. She asks Padma and Champa to take the basket out of the palace and to hide themselves near the gate. She says that she would join them later. Champa is afraid that no one in Mewar would help them. Panna assures them saying that they would go to Asa Shah, a good and reliable man. Panna is confident that he would definitely protect the prince.

The maids depart with the prince in the basket. Panna dresses her own son in the clothes of the prince and puts’him in the prince’s bed. She kisses him a number of times and lies down on her bed. Banbir comes in hurriedly and asks her where the prince is. She points to the bed where her own child is sleeping. Banbir, without thinking, rushes towards the bed and kills the child with his sword. Panna cries aloud and falls on her son’s body. Banbir goes out. Panna thus saves the life of prince Udai Singh and keeps her promise by sacrificing the life of her own son.

Glossary:

discontent – dissatisfaction, unrest
resolve – decide
precious – valuable or dear
trembling – shaking, quivering
shriek – scream, cry out
choked – suffocated

Karnataka Board Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Study of Cells

KSEEB Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Textual Questions & Answers

I. Four alternatives are given to each of the following incomplete statements. Choose the right answer.

Question 1.
A cell lacking in the nucleus, also lacks
(a) plasma membrane
(b) mitochondria
(c) chromosome
(d) vacuole.
Answer:
(c) chromosome

Question 2.
Cell wall is absent in the cell of this organism.
(a) mushroom
(b) moss
(c)fern
(d) mosquito
Answer:
(d) mosquito

Question 3.
Organelle of the cell, which releases energy through respiration is.
(a) Golgi-complex
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Lysosomes
(d) Chloroplast
Answer:
(b) Mitochondria

Question 4.
Which of the following part of a cell is non-living?
(a) Cell wall
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Cell membrane
(d) Lysosomes
Answer:
(a) Cell wall

Question 5.
One of the following is the smallest organelle in a cell
(a) Lysosomes
(b) Nucleolus
(c) ribosome
(d) chromosortie
Answer:
(c) ribosome

II. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

Question 1.
The instrument that led to the understanding of cell is ……….
Answer:
electron microscope

Question 2.
The organelle which controls the various activities of the cell is …………
Answer:
nucleolus

Question 3.
The organelle, which is called the kitchen of the plant cell is ………
Answer:
chloroplast

Question 4.
The sites of protein synthesis in the cell are ……….
Answer:
ribosomes

Question 5.
The main chemical component of the cell wall is ………..
Answer:
cellulose

III. Match the following:

Answer:

1. (c)
2. (f)
3. (a)
4. (g)

IV. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What are genes? Mention their importance.
Answer:
The hereditary units present in the DNA molecules are called genes.
The importance of genes are :

• Each gene determines a particular characteristic of an organism, for example, the height of a person, colour of eyes, etc.
• Genes control the structure and functions of cell in all organisms.

Question 2.
Which organelle is responsible for the formation of spindle fibres during cell division?
Answer:
Centrioles are responsible for the formation of spindle fibres during cell division.

Question 3.
What is the role of chloroplast in a plant cell?
Answer:
Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells. They capture sunlight and store the light energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide adenine triphosphate and dinucleotide phosphate molecules and it also plays a role in carbon fixation, fatty acid synthesis, amino acid synthesis and the immune response of plants.

Question 4.
Which are the organelles that are found more in number in the following cells?
Answer:

• Muscle cells – Mitochondria
• White blood cells – Leucoplasts
• Leaf cells – chloroplast
• Pancreatic cells – Lysosomes.

Question 5.
List any four differences between a plant cell and an animal cell.
Answer:

1. Plant cell
   • Cell wall is present
   • Vacuoles are present in plenty
   • and large in size
   • Chloroplast is present
   • The centriole is absent in higher plant cell
2. Animal cell
   • Cell wall is absent
   • Vacuoles are present fewer in number and
   • smaller in size
   • chloroplast is absent
   • The centriole is present in all animal cells.

Question 6.
What happens when an empty potato cup is kept in a trough with water? Why?
Answer:
water does not gather in an empty potato kept in a trough whit water because the potato cup is empty. It is the control step in the experimenter.

Question 7.
0.9% sodium chloride solution is good and balanced to RBC. A lab technician accidentally places a sample of RBC’s in 1.8% sodium chloride solution. What happens. Why?
Answer:

1. R.B.C. gets shrunken
2. No clinical examination cannot be taken place

Question 8.
Diagrams of two different cells are given below which one of the two is a plant cell? Support your answer.

1. Name the parts 1, 2, 3, and 4.
2. Write the function of 1 and 3.
3. Draw a labelled diagram of 4 as seen under an electron microscope.
4. Draw a diagram of a plant cell and label its parts.
Answer:
The plant cell is ‘b’ Because it has a cell wall and chloroplasts which are present only in plant cells
(i) 1. Golgi complex
2. Centrioles
3. Ribosomes
4. Chloroplast.
(ii) Functions of Golgi complex: The main function is to secrete chemicals required for cellular activities. Functions of Ribosomes:
They play an important role in protein synthesis.
(iii).

(iv).

(V). SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES:

Question 1.
Put dried raisins [dry grapes] in a dish with water. What is the change in raising after some time? Why?
Answer:
When raisins are placed in water, they absorb water by a process called osmosis and swell up [osmosis is the net movement of solvent molecules from the region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane]

Question 2.
Remove the shell of an egg by dissolving it in dilute hydrochloric acid. A thin outer skin new encloses the egg put the egg in water observe after a few minutes. What is your inference?
Answer:
By removing the shell which is mostly calcium carbonate by dissolving it in dilute hydrochloric acid, only a thin outer skin now encloses the egg and when we put this egg in pure water, after a few minutes we can see that he egg swells, because water passes into it by osmosis.

Question 3.
Place a similar de-shelled egg in a concentrated salt solution for a few minutes. Observe the changes. Record your observation giving reasons.
Answer:
When we place a de-shelled egg in a concentrated salt solution for a few minutes, the egg shrinks because water passes out of the egg solution into the salt solution because the salt solution is more concentrated.

KSEEB Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Additional Questions & Answers

Question 1.
What is a cell?
Answer:
A cell is a basic and structural and functional unit of living organisms.

Question 2.
Cells are called structural and functional units of an organism. Give reason.
Answer:
Cells perform all activities such as nutrition respiration and cell division which contribute to the overall growth of an organism. Hence cells are called structural and functional units of an organism.

Question 3
Who put forth the cell theory? Explain.
Answer:
Schleiden a German botanist and Schwann a German zoologist together put forth the ‘cell theory’ in 1839.

1. Cell theory States.
   • The body of a living organism is formed of one or more cells.
   • All the cells arise only from preexisting cells through cell division.

Question 4.
Draw a diagram of the Nerve cell, Red blood cells.
Answer:

Question 5.
What are the Functions of Nerve Cell and RBC?
Answer:
Nerve Cell: A Nerve cell is long and has a branched fiber-like structure. It carries messages from one part of the body to another.
RBC: A, red blood cells are biconcave and round in shape. It transports oxygen to different parts of the body of an organism.

Question 6.
Define micron?
Answer:
Micron is the most commonly used unit to express the size of the cell. One micron is equal to 1/1000 of a millimeter.

Question 7.
How to find the magnification produced by the compound microscope?
Answer:
The eyepiece in the compound microscope. An eyepiece lens is the one, through which we see. An objective lens is the one, which is facing the object.

Question 8.
Find the magnification, written on the eyepiece lens and the objective lens
Answer:
In a compound microscope, magnification of eyepiece lens is 10 × and that of the objective lens is 40 × the total magnification is 400 ×. It means, the object appears 400 times larger than its actual size.

Question 9.
Mention the functions of the cell membrane.
Answer:
The functions of the cell membrane are,

1. It Separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.
2. Cell membrane forms the boundary of the cell.
3. It helps to maintain the shape of the cell.
4. It controls the movement of selected substances in to or out of it.

Question 10.
Write the functions of cell wall?
Answer:
The Functions of cell wall.

1. Cell wall gives a definite shape to the cell.
2. It gives Shape, Strength, Protection rigidity and support to the plant body.

Question 11.
Cell membrane is described as a semi-permeable membrane. Give reason.
Answer:
Cell membrane controls the movement of selected substances in to or out of it. Hence, the cell membrane is described as a semi permeable membrane.

Question 12.
Draw a neatly labelled Animal cell.
Answer:

Question 13.
Write an experiment to demonstrate diffusion.
Answer:

Procedure: Take some water in a beaker. Drop a crystal of potassium permanganate into it. observe the change in the color of the water. The purple color spread in water gradually and becomes uniformly colored. This process of movement of molecules is called ‘diffusion’. Diffusion is a process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Question 14.
Write an experiment to demonstrate osmosis.
Answer:

Procedure: Make a cup-shaped cavity in the potato as shown in figure four Sugar solution into the cavity place the potato in a container half immersed in water. Mark the level of sugar solution. Leave it for about half an hour. Note the rise in the level of sugar solution.
It is due to the movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through the semipermeable membrane of the. potato. This process is called ‘osmosis’ osmosis is a special kind of diffusion.

Question 15.
What is meant by active transport? Give example.
Answer:
Under certain conditions, molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration with the expenditure of energy. This is known as active transport.
Ex: movement of sodium ions from blood to the heart muscle cell.

Question 16.
What is the function of cell wall?
Answer:
In-plant cells, in addition to the cell membrane, there is a cell wall. The cell wall provides shape strength, protection, and rigidity to the cell.

Question 17.
What is meant by cytoplasm?
Answer:
The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance found within the cell membrane. It is the seat for most of the cellular activities.

Question 18.
What are organelles? Mention the types.
Answer:
A number of living substances in the cytoplasm that carry out life processes are called organelles. Or organelles are the specialized structure found in the cell. They carry out specific functions.
They are grouped under two categories. They are :

1. Membranous organelles.
2. Non membranes organelles.

Question 19.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum? Mention its function.
Answer:
Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes which extends from the cell membrane to the nuclear membrane.
The functions of endoplasmic reticulum are,

1. It forms cytoskeieton and provides support to the cell.
2. It transports substances from one part of the cell to the other and from one cell to another.

Question 20.
Explain the structure of mitochondria.
Answer:
Mitochondria occur in various shapes, such as cylindrical, oval, and rod shapes. Each mitochondrion is bound by a double membrane. The outer membrane is smooth while inner membrane produces finger-like projection called cristae. The inner membrane encloses a mass known as a matrix. Mitochondria are the site of respiration in a cell.

Question 21.
Mitochondria are called the powerhouses of the cell. Give reason.
Answer:
Mitochondria are the sites of respiration in the cell where glucose is oxidized to release carbon dioxide water and energy. This energy is stored in the form of ATP. Hence. They are called the powerhouses of the cell.

Question 22.
What are the Golgi complex? Mention its function.
Answer:
Golgi complex consists of different types of structures, some are tube-like, a few are it the form of granules.
Function: The main function of the Golgi complex is to secrete chemicals required for cellular activities.

Question 23.
What are lysosomes? mention its function.
Answer:
Lysosomes are spherical sac-like cytoplasmic organelles which contain a variety of hydrolytic enzymes.
Function of Lysosomes are,

1. It helps in the digestion of organic substances present
2. Lysosomes destroy their own cell when it becomes old, weak, damaged, or diseased by autolysis.
3. Suicide bags of the cell.

Question 24.
Lysosomes are called as suicide bags. Give reason.
Answer:
Lysosomes destroy their own cell, when it becomes old weak damaged or diseased by autolysis. Hence they are called the suicide bags of the cell.

Question 25.
Write a short note on the structure of chloroplast found only in a plant cell.
Answer:
Each chloroplast is covered by a double membrane. The inner membrane encloses a matrix. Consists of stroma and grana. Grana has chlorophyll plays an important role in preparing food.

Question 26.
Write a short note a Ribosomes
Answer:
Ribosomes are the nonmembranous structure attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. They are also found attached to the nuclear membrane and even in the nucleus.
Functions of ribosomes are
1. They play an important role in protein synthesis.

Question 27.
Ribosomes are called as protein factories of the cell. Give reason
Answer:
Ribosomes play an important role in protein synthesis. Hence They are called protein factories of the cell.

Question 28.
Write a short note on centriole.
Answer:
Centrioles are found in some algae, fungi, and all animal cells. Two centrioles are located usually near the nucleus. Centrioles help during cell division.

Question 29.
What are vacuoles?
Answer:
In the cell found some membrane-covered cavities are called vacuoles. They are filled with a fluid called cell sap, Vacuoles are the structure which stores food, water, and waste products.

Question 30.
Draw a neat labelled diagram of the nucleus.
Answer:

Question 31.
Explain the structure of the nucleus.
Answer:
The nucleus is the largest organelle in the cell It is covered by a double membrane called nuclear membrane. Nucleoplasm has a network of a thread-like structure called chromatin. During cell division chromatin.
Undergoes coiling and becomes short and thick chromosomes contain genetic material called DNA which has genes. Genes determine the particular characteristic of an organism.

KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Science

Students can Download English Lesson 4 Anandi Gopal Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 English Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka State Board Class 8 English Prose Chapter 4 Anandi Gopal

Anandi Gopalh Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes

Pre – Reading Task:

Given below are the names of some of the Indian women who are considered great because of their service to India. Identify them and match them their description.

1. The fierce patriot who first unfurled India’s flag at an international assembly. – Madam Cama

2. Young Margaret Noble came under the spell of Swami Vivekananda. She came from distant Ireland to India to serve the people of this land. – Aruna Asaf Ali

3. Jawaharlal Nehru’s sister entered the non-co-operation movement. She was the first woman in India to hold a ministerial rank. – Indira Gandhi

4. Born in a Bengali family, graduated and worked as a teacher. She was an active member of the Congress party. – Sister Nivedita

5. She was undoubtedly one of the greatest political leaders of India. She was the first and the only woman to be elected as the Prime Minister. – Vijayalakshmi Pandit
Answer:

1. Madam Cama
2. Sister Nivedita
3. Vijayalakshmi Pandit
4. Aruna Asaf Ali
5. Indira Gandhi.

I. Comprehension:

A. Answer the following in two or three sentences each:

Question 1.
Who was Gopal Rao? How can you say that he was a progressive thinker?
Answer:
Gopal Rao was Anandibai’s husband. He was an ardent supporter of widow remarriage and women’s education.

Question 2.
“I decided that I would like to be a doctor”. What made Anandibai decide this?
Answer:
In those days there were no female doctors in our country. Moreover, Anandibai had lost her infant son when she was fourteen years old. So, she decided to become a doctor.

Question 3.
How did Mrs. Carpenter help Anandibai pursue her studies in medicine?
Answer:
Mrs. Carpenter of Roselle, was moved byAnandibai’s story. She offered to host her in the U.S.A.

Question 4.
How did the Superintendent and the Secretary of the college help Anandibai?
Answer:
The Superintendent and the Secretary were very kind to Anandibai. They offered her a scholarship of $600 for the three years.

Question 5.
Describe the college room provided to Anandibai.
Answer:
The room provided to Anandibai at the college did not have a proper fireplace. It gave out a lot of smoke when lit.

Question 6.
Why did Anandibai stay in Pune?
Answer:
Anandibai was suffering from tuberculosis. She stayed at her cousin’s place in Pune to receive treatment from a famous Ayurvedic specialist.

B. Answer the following in about six sentences each:

Question 1.
Explain how Gopal Rao encouraged Anandibai to become a doctor.
Answer:
Gopal Rao taught his wife at the beginning. He found she was making rapid progress. He encouraged her to go for higher studies. Anandibai decided to become a doctor, because, she had lost her son and there were no women doctors in those days.Gopal Rao tried very hard and got her admitted to a University in America. He helped her to complete her medical degree.

Question 2.
What were the things which Anandibai found strange in America?
Answer:
Anandibai went to America in June 1883 and stayed in the house of the Carpenters. The Carpenters found it odd that Anandibai did not sit down on a chair when Mr. Carpenter was in the room. Her dressing style, vegetarian diet also surprised them. Anandibai was astonished that the people there did not bathe every day.

Question 3.
How did Anandibai face the alien culture and cold winter?
Answer:
Anandibai found it difficult to adapt herself to the conditions in America. Her room did not have a good fireplace, it discharged a lot of smoke when lit. She had to make a choice between smoke and cold. She tried to go to another place, but no one was ready to rent a place to a brown Hindu girl. She found it difficult to adjust to the changing weather. She began to have cough and high fever frequently. But, her perseverance made her face the cold winter and complete her medical course successfully.

Question 4.
Describe Anandi’s journey back to India.
Answer:
The weather in the U.S.A. took its toll on Anandibai.* She developed tuberculosis. She always suffered from high fever and cough. Her husband admitted her to the Women’s Hospital in Philadelphia. The doctors advised her to go back to India. During the voyage the ship’s doctors refused to treat a brown woman. This further deteriorated her health. On reaching India, she stayed at Pune to receive treatment from a famous Ayurvedic specialist. But he refused saying, she had crossed the boundaries of society. On February 26, 1887, Anandibai succumbed to her disease.

Question 5.
Describe the great qualities of Anandibai that you like the most.
Answer:
Anandibai was married when she was only nine years old. Her husband Gopal Rao was an ardent supporter of women’s education. He taught her at the beginning. She was intelligent and made rapid progress. She lost her son to a disease when she was fourteen and decided to become a doctor.

She and her husband had to take a lot of opposition and criticism but, she had the courage to go to the U.S.A. and pursue her studies. The weather was not conducive to her. Still, she determined to face it and complete her studies. Her grit, her courage and her perseverance are the qualities that every one of us should develop.

C. Answer the following in about ten sentences each:

Question 1.
How did Anandibai become a doctor in spite of the obstacles she faced?
Answer:
In those days there were no women doctors in our country. Anandibai’s son died of some disease. She decided to become a doctor. She succeeded in getting a seat in a university in the U.S.A. She went alone and stayed with the Carpenters. She tried to adapt herself to the new conditions. But, she could not tolerate the cold winter. Her room did not have a good fireplace, it discharged smoke when lit. She had to live in the same room for two years because, no one was ready to rent a room to a brown Hindu girl. The cold and smoke affected her health. Her health gradually worsened. She managed to complete her medical course successfully in spite of all these obstacles.

Question 2.
Anandibai is an inspiration to Indian girls to this day. Discuss.
Answer:
Anandibai was a Brahmin girl. She was the first Indian v/woman to receive education abroad and to obtain a medical degree. She faced a number of obstacles, but she was able to withstand all the opposition and criticism to achieve her goal. She is an inspiration to Indian girls from all walks of life. Her hard work, determination and perseverance make us believe that in spite of hardships our dreams are achievable. Each of us has the potential to achieve whatever we wish to. Anandibai’s great qualities are worth emulating.

II. A. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.

1. Gopal Rao opposed widow remarriage and women’s education.
Answer:
False.
Gopal Rao staunchly supported widow remarriage and women’s education.

2. In those days husbands taught their wives.
Answer:
False.
After marriage Gopal Rao taught his wife.

3. The childhood name of Anandi was Yamunabai.
Answer:
False.
The childhood name of Anandi was Yamuna Joshi.

4. Anandibai decided to become a doctor because there were no female doctors at that time.
Answer:
True.

5. Anandibai was one of the few female doctors of that day.
Answer:
False.
Anandibai was the only female doctor at that time.

6. Anandibai stayed in Pune to receive honours from the people.
Answer:
False.
Anandibai stayed in Pune to receive treatment from an Ayurvedic specialist.

B. Arrange the above corrected sentences according to their sequence in the lesson.
Answer:

1. The childhood name of Anandi was Yamuna Joshi.
2. Gopal Rao staunchly supported widow remarriage and women’s education.
3. After marriage Gopal Rao taught his wife.
4. Anandibai decided to become a doctor because there were no female doctors at that time.
5. Anandibai was the only female doctor at that time.
6. Anandibai stayed in Pune to receive treatment from an Ayurvedic specialist.

Multiple Choice Questions:

Four alternatives are given for each of the following questions/ incomplete statements. Choose the most appropriate alternative.

Question 1.
‘Anandi Gopal’ is a/an
A) biography
B) autobiography
C) play
D) novel
Answer:
B) autobiography

Question 2.
Anandi Joshi was
A) the first Indian woman to receive education
B) the first married Indian woman to go abroad
C) the first woman doctor to receive treatment from an ayurvedic specialist
D) the first Indian woman to obtain a medical degree
Answer:
D) the first Indian woman to obtain a medical degree

Question 3.
Anandi Gopal was born in
A) Kalyan
B) Kolhapur
C) Poona
D) Mumbai
Answer:
A) Kalyan

Question 4.
Yamuna Joshi’s name was changed to Anandi because
A) she became a doctor
B) she went abroad for higher studies
C) she got married
D) she would otherwise not be admitted to any university in America.
Answer:
C) she got married

Question 5.
Anandi decided to become a doctor because
A) in those days there were no female doctors in our country
B) she wanted to go to America
C) her husband forced her to become a doctor
D) her husband was a supporter of women’s education
Answer:
A) in those days there were no female doctors in our country

Question 6.
Anandi had to leave for America alone
A) as they had no money to support both herself and her husband
B) as her husband did not want to cross the boundaries of society
C) as her husband was unable to get a job there
D) as her husband had to face a lot of opposition and criticism.
Answer:
C) as her husband was unable to get a job there

Question 7.
Which of the following about Anandi was not strange to the Carpenters?
A) She wouldn’t sit on a chair when Mr. Carpenter was in the room.
B) She wore clothes different from theirs.
C) She did not eat non-vegetarian food.
D) None of these.
Answer:
D) None of these.

Question 8.
Anandi wanted to change her room at the college because
A) the room did not have a proper fireplace
B) she had to choose between smoke and fire
C) she was a brown, Hindu girl
D) she had constant temperature and cough
Answer:
A) the room did not have a proper fireplace

Question 9.
Anandi got a standing ovation at the convocation because
A) she had somehow scraped through the final exams
B) she had come to study braving poverty and opposition
C) she had become a doctor despite her poor health
D) she was the first woman doctor of India
Answer:
D) she was the first woman doctor of India

Question 10.
Anandi was diagnosed with
A) temperature
B) cold and cough
C) tuberculosis
D) cancer
Answer:
C) tuberculosis

Question 11.
Anandi stayed at her cousin’s place in Pune
A) because she did not want to go home
B) to receive treatment from a renowned ayurvedic specialist
C) as she had to go back to America immediately
D) because she wanted to set up practice in Pune
Answer:
B) to receive treatment from a renowned ayurvedic specialist

Question 12.
The Maharashtra government has recognized the achievements of Anandi by
A) providing scholarships for girls going abroad for higher studies
B) honoring her husband
C) providing free education to girls
D) instituting a Fellowship in her name
Answer:
D) instituting a Fellowship in her name

Question 13.
We can say that Gopal Rao was a progressive thinker because
A) he sent his wife abroad for higher studies
B) he was a supporter of widow remarriage and women’s education
C) he stayed back in India to fight for women’s education
D) he tried to enroll his wife in the missionary schools
Answer:
B) he was a supporter of widow remarriage and women’s education

Question 14.
Mrs. Carpenter helped Anandi pursue her studies by
A) hosting her in the U.S.A.
B) providing her a room to stay in
C) offering her a scholarship
D) taking care of her as if she were her own daughter
Answer:
A) hosting her in the U.S.A.

Question 15.
The college room provided toAnandi
A) had no door or windows
B) did not have a fireplace
C) did not have a proper fireplace
D) was always full of smoke
Answer:
C) did not have a proper fireplace

III. Vocabulary:

A. Match the words with their meanings:

A	B
1. alien	a. clothes
2. attire	b. surprise
3. cemetery	c. a large formal assembly of great people
4. convocation	d. attraction
5. missionary	e. a financial aid given to support a student’s education
6. astonish	f. a large burial ground
7. scholarship	g. unfamiliar
	h. a person sent on a religious mission

Answer:
1 – g, 2 – a, 3 – f, 4 – c, 5 – h, 6 – b, 7 – e.

B. Fill in the blanks choosing the correct phrases given in brackets:

(in front of, a lot of, used to, moved by, to take care of)

1. Women in olden days did not sit ……………… their husbands.
2. Mrs. Carpenter was ………….. the correspondence and wrote me a letter.
3. The fireplace emitted ……………… smoke.
4. Anandi got ………… hard work.
5. Mavashi ……….. me like her own daughter.
6. Anandi faced ………… opposition and criticism.

Answer:

1. in front of
2. moved by
3. a lot of
4. used to
5. took care of
6. a lot of.

C. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in brackets:

My husband…….. a ………. (try) very hard to get me admitted to some university in America. Mrs. Carpenter ………. b …….(come) to know my story and ………. c ………. (write) me a letter. She ………….. d ………. (offer) to host me in the USA. Since Gopal Rao ………. e ……… (be) not able to get a job there, we ……….. f ……….. (decide) that I should leave for America alone. I ………… g …………. (reach) America in June 1883. In America there …………. h ……… (be) many things that I ………… i …………. (think) ………. j ………… (be) strange.
Answer:
a – tried
b – came
c – wrote
d – offered
e – was
f – decided
g – reached
h – were
i – thought
j – were.

IV. Grammar:

A. Fill in the blanks with ‘a’, ‘an’, ‘the’:

a. I love ………… flowers in your garden.
b. I always listen to ……….. radio in the morning.
c. Let’s sing ………. song.
d. Pawan has ……… old bike.
e. Look! There is ……………. bird flying.
f. Loch Ness is ……….. most famous lake in Scotland.
g. …………. summer of 1996 was hot and dry.
h. I need …………… blue pen.
i. Leipzig has …………… airport.
j. My father is ……………. honest person.
Answer:
a – the, b – the, c – a, d – an, e – a, f – the, g – The, h – a, i – an, j – an.

V. Pronouns:

A. Fill in the blanks with suitable personal pronouns.

1. Where do ………. come from?
2. These cars are ……….. .
3. She and ………. sister have decided to become teachers.
4. The horse fell down and broke ………. leg.
5. If I had seen ………. I wouldn’t do it.
6. Shankar is honest and sincere. Everyone likes ………. .
7. ………… wants to go to his village.
8. In the beginning …………….. husband tried to enroll ………… in the missionary school.
9. This is …………. book.
10. I met a boy. ………. was very kind.

Answer:

1. you
2. mine
3. her
4. its
5. it/him/her/you/ them
6. him
7. He
8. her, her
9. his
10. He.

VI. Appreciation:

A. Write a letter to your friend describing the qualities you liked most in Anandi Gopal.

1727, Durga Road
Akshay Nagar
Mysore
July 10, 2017

Dear Smita,
It has been a long time since I wrote to you. How are you? I am keeping good health. The reason for writing this letter is to tell you about Dr. Anandi Gopal, a great lady whose life has left a great impression on me. In my English textbook, there is a lesson about her.

Do you know she was the first woman from India to get a medical degree from a university in America? She was born in a poor family. She did not have proper early education. She got married at the age of nine. But, with the help of her husband she studied well and decided to become a doctor. She wanted to help women, because there were no female doctors in India at that time. She went to America, faced many difficulties. But, her determination helped her through. She became the first woman doctor of India. The cold weather and smoke affected her health. She contracted tuberculosis. She returned home and succumbed to her disease at the age of twenty-two.

Her desire to help women, her grit and determination to face problems in an alien country are really great. She has shown us how we can achieve our goals if we believe in our abilities. Hence, I was greatly impressed by her. She was a great personality, wasn’t she? What do you think of her?
With all the good wishes,

Your’s affectionately
Sumana

Anandi Gopal Summary in English

Anandibai was born on March 31, 1865 in Kalyan, Mumbai. Her childhood name was Yamuna Joshi. When she was nine years old, she was married and her name was changed to Anandi. Her husband, Gopal Rao, was a broadminded man. He staunchly supported widow re-marriage and women’s education. Since Anandi was not properly educated, he started teaching her. At first he tried to enroll her in the missionary schools, but that did not work out.

When Anandi made rapid progress, Gopal Rao persuaded her to study further. There were no female doctors in India then. Moreover, Anandibai had lost her young son when she was fourteen. So, she decided to become a doctor. Gopal Rao tried hard to get her a seat in an American University.

Mrs. Carpenter of Roselle, New Jersey, came to know of Anandibai’s story by chance. She offered to host her in the U.S.A. Since Gopal Rao could not find a job in America, Anandi left for America alone, despite opposition and criticism. She reached America in June 1883 and stayed in the house of the Carpenters.

Anandibai found many things strange in America. Their dress, their lifestyle, food habits were quite different. She was surprised when she found that they did not take bath every day. In the same way, the Carpenters found Anandibai’s dress, her vegetarian diet, her customs very strange.

In spite of the differences Mrs. Carpenter took care of Anandibai like her own daughter. Anandibai joined the Women’s College in Philadelphia. The Superintendent and the Secretary were very kind to her, when they came to know that she had come from India to study braving poverty and opposition from her people. They offered her a scholarship of six hundred dollars for three years.

The college room in which she stayed was not good. It did not have a proper fireplace and ventilation. The fireplace discharged a lot of smoke when lit. Anandibai tried to shift to a different place, but, people refused to rent a room to a brown Hindu girl. Hence, she was forced to stay in the same room. Cold and smoke affected her health very badly. She suffered from high temperature and chronic cough. Somehow she managed to complete her education and received the medical degree. She was hailed as the first woman doctor of India.

It was one of the most rewarding moments of her life. As the days progressed, her health deteriorated. Gopal Rao admitted her to the Women’s Hospital in Philadelphia. There they diagnosed that she had tuberculosis. The doctors advised her to return to India. Her voyage back home further damaged her health. The doctors on the ship refused to treat a brown woman.

After reaching India, she stayed with her cousin in Pune to receive treatment from an Ayurvedic specialist. But, he also refused to treat her for she had gone against the customs and traditions of Indian society. Anandibai was frustrated because all her achievements had become useless. She breathed her last on February 26, 1887.

People mourned her death throughout India. Her ashes were sent to Mrs. Carpenter, who kept them in her family cemetery. Anandibai’s life and achievements have inspired many young women. She has made us believe in our potentialities, and that we can achieve our goals despite adverse situations and circumstances. The Government of Maharashtra has founded a Fellowship in her honour for young women working on women’s health.

Glossary:

rapid – happening at a great speed
acquire – come to have
trial – something that tests a person’s endurance or patience
tribulation – trouble, suffering
astonish – surprise very greatLy
impress – cause or feel admiration
poverty – a state of being poor
wonder – a feeling of surprise
emit – give out, discharge
in vain – without success
toll – damage resulting from something
renowned – the state of being famous
frustrate – prevent from succeeding
cemetery – a Large burial ground

Students can Download English Lesson 6 The Model Millionaire Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 English Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka State Board Class 8 English Prose Chapter 6 The Model Millionaire

The Model Millionaire Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes

Pre-Reading Task:

Question 1.
What makes a person rich and successful? Is it luck or hard work?
Answer:
A person becomes rich and successful by hard work. We can say that 99% hard work and 1% luck makes a person reach great heights.

Question 2.
“One can afford to be generous only if one is rich”. Do you agree/disagree with this statement? Give reasons.
Answer:
I do not agree with the statement “One can afford to be generous only if one is rich”. It is not money which makes people benevolent and charitable. It is the way in which they look at life. Many rich people do not have the heart to help the poor and the needy. On the other hand, there are people who are kind and compassionate even though they do not have money. Their heart goes out to people who are in difficulties. They help them with whatever they can.

Question 3.
Do you know what irony is?
Answer:
Irony is a figure of speech. It is a statement in which the meaning that a speaker implies differs sharply from the meaning that is apparently expressed.

Comprehension:

I. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each:

Question 1.
What sort of man was Hughie Erskine?
Answer:
Hughie Erskine was a good looking young man. He was liked and admired by men and women alike. He was not very clever, and never had any money.

Question 2.
What were the various jobs he took up? Why?
Answer:
Hughie was always changing his job, because he was not
successful in any of them. He worked on the Stock Exchange for six months. He started selling tea and then sherry. He failed in all his efforts.

Question 3.
What was the condition laid down for Hughie to marry Laura?
Answer:
Laura’s father, a retired Colonel, put a condition for the marriage of Hughie and Laura. He asked Hughie to earn ten thousand pounds of his own and then come to him with the proposal of marriage.

Question 4.
Who was Alan Trevor? What was Alan Trevor doing when Hughie called on him?
Answer:
Alan Trevor was a painter. He was giving final touches to the lifesize painting of a beggar when Hughie called on him.

Question 5.
How was the model beggar dressed?
Answer:
The beggar was dressed in torn, dirty clothes. He had a ragged brown coat over his shoulder. His boots were patched and well worn.

Question 6.
What did Hughie feel the model should get? Why? Hughie felt that the beggar model should get a part of what
Answer:
Alan earned after selling his picture. In his opinion, the beggar had also been working as hard as Alan.

Question 7.
Why did Hughie feel sorry for the beggar-man?
Answer:
The beggar was an old man, bent and wrinkled, with a piteous look on his face. He looked sad and lonely.

Question 8.
What did Hughie give the old beggar-man?
Answer:
Hughie gave the beggar-man a sovereign.

Question 9.
What did Alan Trevor tell Hughie when he met him at the Palette club?
Answer:
Alan told Hughie that the beggar model was Baron Hausberg, one of the richest men in Europe. The Baron had a house in every capital city and ate food in gold plates. He had so much money that he could buy all of London.

Question 10.
Alan says, “He’ll invest your sovereign for you Hughie”. How do you think the Baron could have invested the sovereign for Hughie?
Answer:
The Baron might have a number of business firms of his own. He could invest Hughie’s money in one of his companies and earn profits.

Additional Questions:

Question 11.
What was the beggar’s true identity? Why did Hughie mistake him for a beggar?
Answer:
The beggar model was Baron Hausberg. He was one of the richest men in Europe. The beggar model had a wizened face. He looked very miserable. His tattered cloak and patched boots made him a typical beggar. So, Hughie mistook him for a real beggar.

Question 12.
Why is the model’s face, his fortune?
Answer:
The beggar model had a wizened face. He looked very miserable. His face brings money for both him and the painter. So, his face in his fortune.

II. Answer the following questions in five or six sentences each:

Question 1.
‘That old beggar, as you call him, is one of the richest men in Europe’. Name the richest man referred to. How is he described to Hughie?
Answer:
The richest man’s name was Baron Hausberg. He had a house in every capital city. He ate his food in gold plates. He could buy all of London the next day, and prevent Russia from going to war. He was very influential and powerful. He had a desire to get his picture painted as a beggar. He had asked Alan to paint his portrait and offered to pose as the beggar model himself.

Question 2.
Describe how Hughie was able to marry Laura Merton.
Answer:
Hughie was a handsome young man. He was not intelligent and did not have any money. He tried to make money by doing different jobs, but failed in his attempts. He was deeply in love with Laura. Laura’s father told him that he would consider giving his daughter in marriage if he earned ten thousand pounds of his own. One day, Hughie saw a beggar model in Alan Trevor’s studio. He mistook him for a real beggar and gave him a sovereign. The beggar model was in reality a rich man by name Baron Hausberg. He was impressed by Hughie’s generosity. He found out everything about Hughie from Alan Trevor. He sent Hughie a cheque for ten thousand pounds as a wedding present. Thus, Hughie was able to marry Laura.

Question 3.
Bring out the subtle humour in the story “The Model Millionaire”.
Answer:
The whole story has an undercurrent of subtle humour. Hughie attempts to work and earn money. When he fails at everything, he gives up his efforts. He decides to live on a meagre allowance given to him by an old aunt. These things evoke humorous reaction in the readers. Hughie’s conversation with Alan Trevor is also humorous. Without knowing the real identity of the beggar model, Hughie gives him the only sovereign he had.

When he comes to know that the beggar is Baron Hausberg, he thinks he has made a fool of himself. Alan’s jokes about Hughie’s generosity are hilarious. Baron Hausberg’s reaction when Hughie gives him the sovereign, his benevolent nature and the way in which he sends the wedding present, are all examples of subtle humour in the story.

Question 4.
‘I have got heaps of old clothes at home. Do you think he would like any of them? Why, his rags were falling to bits’, said Hughie. ‘But, he looks so wonderful in them’, said Trevor. ‘I wouldn’t paint him in a good suit for anything. However, I’ll tell him of your offer’.
The above instance is an example of subtle humour. Pick out other incidents of humour from the story.
Answer:

1. ‘He had been a tea merchant, but soon got tired of selling tea’.
2. ‘Laura loved him very much, and together they made a handsome couple. Of course, neither of them had any money’.
3. ‘The old man jumped, and a faint smile crossed his lips’.
4. ‘Good Heavens! I gave him a Sovereign’.
5. ‘He will invest your sovereign for you and pay you interest’.

Additional Questions:

Question 5.
How does Baron Hausberg prove to be a ‘model millionaire’?
Answer:
Hughie was a handsome young man. He had no job. So, his financial condition was very poor. He wanted to marry Laura Merton. Her Colonel-father asked Hughie to earn ten thousand pounds of his own to marry Laura. Hughie was unable to fulfil the condition of the Colonel. So, he was upset.

Once, Hughie visited his friend Trevor’s studio. He saw a beggar-model there. The old man had a wizened face. He looked very miserable. His tattered cloak, patched and cobbled boots made him a typical beggar. Hughie took pity on him and gave him a sovereign.

Actually, the beggar model was Baron Hausberg, one of the richest men in Europe. After knowing the truth, Hughie felt very sorry for his act. But, the Baron, having learnt everything about Hughie, sent a cheque for ten thousand pounds as a reward. Thus, the charitable act of Hughie was rewarded. Really the millionaire model was a model millionaire.

Multiple Choice Questions:

Four alternatives are given for each of the following questions/ incomplete statements. Choose the most appropriate alternative.

Question 1.
Hughie Erskine lived on two hundred pounds a year given by an old aunt because
A) he was not clever
B) he was always changing his job
C) he had tried everything and failed
D) he gave up trying to work
Answer:
D) he gave up trying to work

Question 2.
Hughie Erskine’s work on the stock exchange lasted
A) six months
B) three months
C) nine months
D) one year
Answer:
A) six months

Question 3.
Laura Merton was the daughter of
A) Alan Trevor
B) Baron Hausberg
C) Colonel Merton
D) Gustave Naudin
Answer:
C) Colonel Merton

Question 4.
The colonel would not allow Hughie to marry his daughter because
A) he was not clever
B) he was a failure in life
C) he had no money with him
D) he lived on his aunt’s money
Answer:
C) he had no money with him

Question 5.
Hughie was miserable because
A) he had no job
B) he was always changing his job but had failed
C) the Colonel did not allow him to marry his daughter
D) the Colonel asked him to think of marriage when he had ten thousand pounds of his own
Answer:
D) the Colonel asked him to think of marriage when he had ten thousand pounds of his own

Question 6.
Alan Trevor was a
A) painter
B) beggar
C) tea merchant
D) stock broker
Answer:
A) painter

Question 7.
‘What a wonderful model!’ whispered Hughie. The model referred to here is
A) a beggar
B) Baron Hausberg
C) Hughie
D) Alan Trevor
Answer:
B) Baron Hausberg

Question 8.
After sometime, Trevor went out of the studio because
A) a servant called him
B) the beggar was tired standing up all day
C) the frame-maker wanted to speak to him
D) he wanted to smoke a cigarette
Answer:
C) the frame-maker wanted to speak to him

Question 9.
Hughie felt sorry for the beggar-man because
A) he was an old man, bent and wrinkled
B) he had a ragged brown coat, all torn and dirty, over his shoulders
C) his thick boots were patched
D) he looked lonely and sad
Answer:
D) he looked lonely and sad

Question 10.
How much money did Hughie give the beggar-man?
A) one sovereign
B) one pence
C) two thousand pounds
D) ten thousand pounds
Answer:
A) one sovereign

Question 11.
Baron Hausberg sent a messenger to Hughie to
A) seek an apology
B) offer his apologies
C) handover a cheque for ten thousand pounds as a wedding present
D) offer him a job
Answer:
C) handover a cheque for ten thousand pounds as a wedding present

Question 12.
The best man at Hughie’s wedding was
A) Alan Trevor
B) Baron Hausberg
C) Gustave Naudin
D) Colonel Martin
Answer:
A) Alan Trevor

Question 13.
The old man jumped, and a faint smile crossed his lips. Here, the word ‘faint’ means
A) weak
B) lose consciousness
C) slight
D) dim
Answer:
C) slight

Question 14.
One of the jobs that Hughie did not take up was
A) stockbroking
B) painting
C) selling tea
D) selling sherry
Answer:
B) painting

Question 15.
The condition laid down for Hughie to marry Laura was he should
A) have a house of his own
B) have a job
C) learn painting
D) have ten thousand pounds of his own
Answer:
D) have ten thousand pounds of his own

Question 16.
The remark “Millionaire models are rare enough, but model millionaires are rarer still” was made by
A) Oscar Wilde
B) Hughie
C) Alan Trevor
D) Laura Merton
Answer:
C) Alan Trevor

III. Vocabulary:

A. Compound Words – When two different words are put together to form a new word, the word is called a compound word.
Eg: beggar-man

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks given below with the help of the compound words.

1. …………….. picture (full-size)
2. ……………… young man (good-looking)
3. The old ……………….. (beggar-man)
4. The ………………. wanted to speak to Trevor, (frame-maker)

Answer:

1. Full-size picture.
2. Good-looking young man.
3. The old beggar-man.
4. The frame-maker wanted to speak to Trevor.

Question 2.
Match the words in column A with the words in column B to make more compound words:

A	B
1. grand	breaker
2. news	mark
3. mile	mother
4. book	path
5. tie	paper
6. foot	stone

Answer:

1. grandmother
2. newspaper
3. milestone
4. bookmark
5. tiebreaker
6. footpath.

B. Affix = Prefix + Suffix

Prefix: A word which does not have a meaning by itself, but when added to the beginning of a word, forms a new word. The new word is very often the opposite of the root word.
Eg: un – He never said an unkind word to anyone.

Question 1.
Use appropriate prefixes to the words given below to form words opposite in meaning (dis, mis, un) do, honour, broken, comfort, clean, honest, respect, obey, regard, appear, like, agree, wanted, content
Answer:
do – undo
broken – unbroken
clean – uncLean
respect – disrespect
regard – disregard
Like – disLike
wanted – unwanted
honour – dishonour
comfort – discomfort
honest – dishonest
obey – disobey
appear – disappear
agree – disagree
content – discontent

Suffix – a word which does not have a meaning by itself, but when added to the end of a word, forms a new word.
Eg: ful – i. What a wonderful model! ii. I think its dreadful.

Question 2.
Use appropriate suffixes to the words given below to form new words: (ly, ness, ish, ful, less) easy, child, hope, use, fool, beauty, brown, doubt, calm, slow, help, cheer, pain, colour.
Answer:
easy – easiLy
hope – hopeful
fool – foolish
brown – brownish
calm – calmly
help – helpful, helpless
pain – painful, painless
child – childish
use – useful
beauty – beautiful
doubt – doubtful
slow – slowly, slowness
cheer – cheerful, cheerless
colour – colourful, colourless.

Homonyms – a word which has the same sound, same spelling, but two different meanings.
Eg: Model – a person or thing that is an excellent example of a quality.
Gandhiji is the model of sacrifice.
Model – a copy of something
There is a model of the Taj Mahal made of marble.

Question 3.
Construct sentences with the following homonyms to bring out two different meanings of each word:
trip, stamp, plant, right
Answer:
trip:
a) He tripped and fell down.
b) They went on a trip to Belur.

stamp:
a) He pasted a stamp on the envelope
b) Sam stamped his foot in anger.

plant:
a) We must plant trees to save our environment
b) There are a number of medicinal plants in this garden.

right:
a) This is not the right way to do things
b) Take a right turn at the intersection.

Write any four homonyms which have different meanings, with the help of a dictionary.
a) advance
b) bank
c) bow
d) object
e) play
f) bear
g) lie
h) fly
i) ring
j) lift
k) type
l) fine.
Pun – A pun is a type of wordplay. In a pun, a homonym is used in the same sentence to mean two different things.

Question 4.
Look at the last line of the lesson. Explain the pun.
The last sentence of the lesson ‘Millionaire Models’, remarked Alan, “are rare enough, but model millionaires are rarer still”.
Answer:
The word ‘model’ is used to mean two different things. Despite being a millionaire Baron Hausberg wished to be portrayed as a beggar and offered to be the model himself. Later, he proves himself a model millionaire (an ideal for other millionaires) by helping Hughie.

Dictionary Work:

IV. Make five pairs of pun words with the help of the dictionary:

a) After taking a shot with his bow, the archer took a bow.
b) No one could believe how much produce our garden could produce.
c) There’s simply no use for something you can’t use.
d) The rebel seized the opportunity to rebel.
e) The incense incensed the customers.

V. Colour In Language:

Study this sentence:

‘You told that old beggar all my private affairs?’ cried Hughie, looking very red and angry.
The word ‘red’ is used to describe a feeling of anger. Colours are often associated with various types of emotions.

1) Select a colour from the box to des ribe the feelings associated with them and then fill in the blanks: [green, red, blue, black, grey, white, pink]

1. The old lady seemed to be in the ………. of health.
2. John was ………. with envy when he heard that his friend would be meeting the Prime Minister in person.
3. Shalini became ………….. with anger when Anjali shared her secret with other girls.
4. We must cheer him up. He was feeling …………. all day.
5. The cop beat him up ………… and ………….. .
6. The stallion (breed) was as pure as ………… in colour.

Answer:

1. pink
2. green
3. red
4. grey
5. black, blue
6. white.

VI. Learn To Speak And Listen:

Identify the following characters from the lesson:

1. I am a very good looking young man, liked and admired by both men and women.
2. I am a girl, daughter of a retired Colonel.
3. I am a strange man, with a red beard, a very clever artist.
4. I am an old man, bent and wrinkled, with a piteous look on my face.
5. I am the richest man in Europe, who could buy all London.
   I have a house in every capital city.

Answer:

1. Hughie Erskine
2. Laura Merton
3. Alan Trevor
4. The beggar model
5. Baron Hausberg.

The Model Millionaire Summary in English

The Lover
Hughie Erskine was a handsome young man. He was liked and admired by all people for his good character. But, he was not clever and did not have any money. He did not stick to one job. He kept changing jobs. He tried everything but was not successful. He worked on the stock exchange for some time, then became a tea merchant. He got tired of that. He tried his hand at selling sherry, but failed again. Finally, he stopped working and lived on an allowance of 200 pounds a year. He was deeply in love with Laura Merton. Laura was the daughter of a retired Colonel. Laura also loved Hughie Erskine. Though the Colonel liked Hughie, he did not permit them to marry.
He asked Hughie to come to him with the proposal of marriage when he had ten thousand pounds of his own.

The Painter
One morning, Hughie went to meet his friend Alan Trevor. Alan was a successful painter. When Hughie entered his studio, Alan was finishing the full size painting of a beggar. The beggar was posing for Alan standing on a platform. He was an old man, bent and wrinkled with a piteous look on his face. He was wearing torn, dirty clothes and patched boots. He was holding a hat in one hand as if he was begging.

Hughie remarked that Alan had a wonderful model. Alan agreed with him and said that Hughie would not meet such a beggar every day. Hughie felt sorry for the pitiable condition of the beggar. He asked Alan how much he paid the model for a sitting. Alan said he paid ten pence an hour. Hughie wanted to know how much Alan would get after selling his picture. Alan replied that he would get two thousand pounds. Hughie said that the beggar model should get some part of the profit, as he was also working as hard as Alan. Alan did not agree with him. He told Hughie to keep quiet.

The Model
While Alan was still giving finishing touches to his picture, a servant came in and told him that the frame maker was waiting to meet him. Alan went out. The beggar who was standing till then sat down to relax. He looked very lonely and sad. Hughie searched his pocket and found a sovereign. He thought the beggar needed the money more than he did. He went near the beggar and gave the sovereign to him. The old beggar was surprised. He thanked Hughie for his generosity. When Alan returned, Hughie took leave of him.

The same night Hughie met Alan at the Palette club. He asked Alan if he had finished the picture of the beggar-man. Alan replied in the affirmative and said that the old model had taken a liking for Hughie. So, he had told the beggar everything about Hughie. Hughie told Alan that he had a lot of old clothes and wanted to give them to the old man because his clothes were in rags. He wanted to know if the old man would accept his offer. Alan said that he would tell the old model about his offer. Alan also said that he had told the model about Laura, her father, and the ten thousand pounds.

The Surprise
Hughie was angry with Alan for telling the old beggar all his problems. Alan Trevor revealed to Hughie that the beggar model was not a real beggar but he was one of the richest men in Europe. He said that his name was Baron Hausberg, who could buy all London and never feel the pinch of it. He also said the Baron had a house in every capital city and ate off gold plates and had a lot of political power.

Alan told Hughie that Baron Hausberg had asked him to paint him as a beggar. And he himself was posing as the beggar. Hughie was greatly embarassed for he had given a sovereign to a millionaire and made a fool of himself. Hughie blamed Alan for not telling him about the real identity of the beggar earlier. Alan thought it was very funny and laughed his heart out. He realised why Baron Hausberg had shown so much of interest in Hughie’s affairs. Finally, he said jokingly that the Baron would invest Hughie’s money and pay him the interest every six months. Hughie regretted his action and felt miserable.

The Messenger
The next morning, Mr. Gustave Naudin, the messenger of Baron Hausberg, came to Hughie’s house. Hughie thought that he had come for an apology for insulting the Baron by giving him a sovereign. Hughie requested the messenger to offer his sincere apologies to the Baron. Then, the messenger gave him a sealed envelope and said that the Baron had asked him to deliver it to Hughie. The message on the envelope said it was a wedding present to Hughie Erskine and Laura Merton, from an old beggar. The envelope contained a cheque for ten thousand pounds.

The Wedding
Hughie thus earned ten thousand pounds of his own and married Laura Merton. Alan was the best man and the Baron made a speech at the wedding breakfast. Alan remarked then, that millionaire models were rare enough, but model millionaires were rarer still.

Glossary:

sherry – a kind of wine
wrinkle – small line on the skin of a person’s face or hands.
sovereign – a gold coin worth one sterling.
invest – to put money in a business to try to increase its value.
admire – regard with respect, look at with pleasure.
millionaire – a person whose assets are worth one million pounds or dollars.
miserable – unhappy, uncomfortable.
faint – slight.
dreadful – extremely bad or serious.
splendid – magnificent, very impressive, excellent.
apology – regretful acknowledgment of an offence or failure.

Karnataka Board Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Structure of Atom

KSEEB Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Textual Questions & Answers

I. Four alternatives are given to each of the following incomplete statements, question choose the right answer.

Question 1.
The heaviest fundamental particle is.
(a) Proton
(b) electron
(c) neutron
(d) positron
Answer:
(c) neutron

Question 2.
In the scattering experiment the deflection of alpha particle is due to
(a) increase in kinetic energy
(b) force of repulsion
(c) Force of attraction
(d) decrease of kinetic energy
Answer:
(b) force of repulsion

Question 3.
The simplest atom that does not contain neutron is.
(a) Deuterium
(b) tritium
(c) hydrogen
(d) helium
Answer:
(c) hydrogen

Question 4.
The reason for the existence of isotopes is change in.
(a) Atomic number
(b) Electron number
(c) Neutron number
(d) Proton number.
Answer:
(d) Proton number.

II. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom in known as ……….
Answer:
Atomic mass

Question 2.
Almost all the mass of an atom is concentrated in a small region of space called the ………..
Answer:
nucleus

Question 3.
The particle of an atom that has no charge is ………….
Answer:
neutrons

Question 4.
The fundamental particle not present in a normal hydrogen atom is …………..
Answer:
neutron

Question 5.
The atomic mass of an atom is 23 and its atomic number is 11. The atom has ………….. neutrons.
Answer:
12

III. Answer the following:

Question 1.
State the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory.
Answer:
In 1803 English chemist Dalton put forward his atomic theory. The main postulates of the theory are as follows.

1. Elements are made up of very small indivisible particles called atoms.
2. All atoms of a particular element are identical in shape, mass and other properties, but are different from the atom of other elements.
3. Atom of one element can not be converted into that of another element.
4. Atoms of an element combine in integral ratio with those of other elements to form a compound
5. An atom can neither be created nor destroyed.

Question 2.
Describe J.J Thomson’s experiment on the discovery of cathode rays.
Answer:

J.J Thomson’s and others conducted an experiment with a vacuum pump. Metal electrodes are fitted to the ends of the glass tube, as shown in the figure. He created very low pressure inside the discharge tube and applied high voltage. He observed a greenish glow near the anode of the glass tube.

The rays which are emitted from the cathode hit the anode and cause the greenish glow. The streams of rays emitted from the cathode are called cathode rays. Which are made of small particles? He called electrons.

Question 3.
List out the different characteristics of anode rays
Answer:
The characteristics of anode rays are:

1. They consist of positively charged particles.
2. They are deflected by electrical and magnetic fields. The deflection is very little when compared to the deflection of cathode rays because it consists of heavy particles
3. The deflection of the anode rays depends on the nature of the rays in the discharge tube. Heavier the gas lowers the depletion.

Question 4.
Describe Rutherford’s model of an atom?
Answer:

Ruther ford’s atomic model was also called the nuclear atom or planetary model of the atom. The model described the atom as a tiny dense, positively charged core called a nucleus, in which nearly all the mass is concentrated, around which the light negative constituents called electrons, revolve at some distance, much like planets revolving around the sun.

Question 5.
Describe Neil’s Bohr’s atomic model?
Answer:

1. Electrons revolve around the nucleus only in certain permissible circular orbits, (orbit is some times called a shell. The first
2. shell nearest to the nucleus is called ‘K.’ shell. The subsequent shells as we move away from the nucleus are L, M, N, O respectively).
3. Electrons in each shell have been associated with a definite amount of energy. Electrons in higher shell have more energy than those nearer to the nucleus.
4. The energy of an electron remains constant so long as it revolves in its own shell. The shells also represent energy levels.

Question 6.
Mention the properties of cathode rays.
Answer:
The properties of cathode rays are,

1. cathode rays are negatively charged particles
2. cathode rays are a stream of particles which travels in a straight line.
3. Cathode rays can affect a photographic plate

Question 7.
Who proposed the atomic nucleus is positively charged?
Answer:
Rutherford proposed that the atomic nucleus is positively charged.

Question 8.
State the conclusions drawn by the Scattering experiment of Rutherford?
Answer:
Positively charged particles of an atom are held together in the central region of the atom. It is called the nucleus. It is surrounded by electrons.

1. The volume of the nucleus is small when compared to the volume of an atom.
2. The mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
3. The nucleus is positively charged which is different in magnitude for different elements.
4. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons outside the nucleus are equal to the number of positively charged particles in the nucleus

Question 9.
Why is an atom neutral in-spite of the presence of charged particles in it?
Answer:
The number of positively charged particles (protons) in the nucleus is equal to the number of negatively charged particles (electrons) outside the nucleus. Therefore an atom is neutral.

Question 10.
List the three fundamental particles and their properties.
Answer:
The fundamental particles present in an atom are.

1. Positively charged particles called protons (p)
2. The negatively charged particles called electrons (e) and.
3. neutral particles called neutrons (n)

Question 11.
Define the term atomic number and atomic mass number of an element.
Answer:

1. Atomic number: The number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom is known as the atomic number.
   It is denoted by ‘Z’
2. Atomic mass number: The total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom is known as mass number. It is denoted by A.

Generally, the atomic number and mass number of the atom of an element is represented by a symbol Z^XA.
‘X’ is an element.

Question 12.
Define the term Isotope of an atom with a suitable example.
Answer:
Atoms of an element with different mass numbers are called Isotopes.
Ex: Hydrogen has three types of atoms,

1. ₁H¹ (protium)
2. ₁H² (deuterium)
3. ₁H³ (tritium)

Question 13.
From the symbol 19k40 state
(1) mass number of potassium
(2) atomic number of potassium
(3) write the distribution of electrons in an atom of potassium.
Answer:

1. The mass number of potassium (A)= 40
2. The atomic number of potassium (Z)=19
3. The electronic configuration of potassium = 1S², 2S²2P^s 3S²3P⁶, 4S¹

IV. Match the following:

Answer:

1. (f)
   
2. (d)
   
3. (a)
   
4. (e)

KSEEB Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Additional Questions & Answers

Question 1.
What is an element?
Answer:
Any Substance made up of same kind of atom is called an element. 118 elements are known to us.

Question 2.
Write an experiment to show that the cathode rays are made up of high-velocity material particles
Answer:

J.J Thomson placed a light paddle wheel in the path of cathode rays. The paddle wheel started to rotate this can happen only if the material particles have high velocity.

Question 3.
Write an Experiment to demonstrate the properties of cathode rays.
Answer:

J.J. Thomson applied an electric field parallel to the path of the rays. The cathode rays deflected towards the anode. He concluded that cathode rays negatively charged.

Question 4.
List out the characteristics of cathode rays.
Answer:
The characteristics of cathode rays are:

1. They consist of negatively charged particles.
2. cathode rays are also called as electrons.
3. electrons are lighter than the Hydrogen atom.
4. electrons mass is very small or less.

Question 5.
Describe the gold stein experiment on the discovery of anode rays.
Answer:

In 1886 Gold stein used a modified type of discharged tube with a perforated cathode. He observed that certain rays are traveling in the direction opposite to that of cathode rays. He applied an electric field parallel to the path of rays and observed that the path deflected towards the cathode. Since these rays contain positively charged particles he called positive rays or anode rays.

Question 6.
When the hydrogen gas is taken inside the discharge tube the deflection will be maximum give season.
Answer:
The positive particles of hydrogen atoms are the lightest hence the deflection will be maximum.

Question 7.
Describe the alpha-particle scattering experiment conducted by rutherford.
Answer:

Rutherford directed high speed positively charged particles called alpha particles towards a thin gold foil. He observed that most of the alpha particles passed through the foil without deflection. A few of them were deflected at very large angles from their original direction and a few were even turned back on their path.

Question 8.
Why did most of the alpha particles pass through the foil?
Answer:
Most of the alpha particles passed through the foil because most of the space in the atom was empty.

Question 9.
Why did a Few of them alpha particles deflect their original path through large angles?
Answer:
The deflection was due to the enormous repulsive force.

Question 10.
State the conclusions drawn by Scattering experiment of rutherford.
Answer:

1. Positively charged particles of an atom are held together in the central region of the atom. It is” called the nucleus. It is surrounded by electrons.
2. The volume of nucleus is small when compared to the volume of an atom.
3. The mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
4. The nucleus is positively charged which is different in magnitude for different elements.
5. In a neutral atom the number of electrons outside the nucleus are equal to the number of positively charged particles in the nucleus.

Question 11.
Ruther ford atomic model could of explain the stability of the atom. Explain the above statement.
Answer:
An electron revolving around the nucleus continuously should lose energy. As a result, it should be gradually pulled towards the nucleus and end up colliding with it. if this should happen then the atom would collapse ‘Rutherford’s atomic model could not explain the stability of the atom.

Question 12.
State the postulates of the Bohr model.
Answer:
In 1913 Neil’s Bohr presented a model of an atom which is now called the model. The postulates of this model are.

1. Electron revolves around the nucleus only in certain permissible circular orbits called shells.
2. The shells are designated by the letters K.L.M.N. O.P. etc.
3. Electron in each shell has been associated with a definite amount of energy. Electrons in higher shell have more energy than those nearer to the nucleus.
4. The energy of an electron remains constant as long as it revolves in its own shell.

Question 13.
From the symbol 17 CI³⁵ state
(1) mass number chlorine
(2) atomic number of chlorine
(3) write the distribution of electron in an atom of chlorine.
Answer:

1. The mass number of chlorine (A) = 35
2. The atomic number of chlorine (z) = 17
   The number of electron = number of protons = 17
3. The electronic configuration of chlorine = 1S², 2S²2P⁶, 3S²3P⁵

Question 14.
Mention the uses of Isotopes?
Answer:

1.  Medical Science
   a) Treatment of cancer
   b) Treatment of thyroid
2.  In industries to check defects
   a) To check faults in machinery.

KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Science

Karnataka Board Class 8 Science Chapter 4 Atoms and Molecules

KSEEB Class 8 Science Chapter 4 Textual Questions & Answers

I. Four alternatives are given to each of the following incomplete statements. Choose the right answer.

Question 1.
Some elements have atomic mass in fractions. It is due to the presence of
(a) fractions of protons
(b) fractions of neutrons
(c) isotopes
(d) valence electrons.
Answer:
(c) isotopes

Question 2.
Plants in a garden make use of 22.4 liters of carbon-dioxide at STP. The numbers of molecules of carbon-dioxide utilized by the plant is
(a) 6.023 x 10²³
(b) 22.4 molecules
(c) 6.023 x 10²⁴
(d) 11.2 moles of molecules
Answer:
(a) 6.023 x 10²³

Question 3.
The atomic mass of deuterium isotope of hydrogen is 2. The atomic mass of oxygen is 16. Then the molecular mass of heavy water formed is
(a) 16
(b) 18
(c) 20
(d) 24
Answer:
(c) 20

Question 4.
Some elements can have different valencies. It can happen due to the change in
(a) of electrons that participate in a reaction.
(b) Neutron number
(c) Proton number
(d) atomic mass number
Answer:
(a) of electrons that participate in a reaction.

II. Give scientific reason for the following:

Question 1.
The valency of noble gases is zero.
Answer:
Noble gases are 18^th group elements which have either completed shell of electrons or 8 electrons in the outermost shell. They do not have tendency to react with other elements to form compounds.

Question 2.
In the atmosphere, Oxygen is available as O₂ but not as O.
Answer:
Oxygen is written as O₂ when there are two oxygen atoms in the molecule pure oxygen doesn’t generally exist as individual atoms, two oxygen atoms bond together to form an oxygen molecule. This is because oxygen is highly reactive disconnected atoms have a very strong tendency to form bonds. If there’s nothing else available they will bond to each other.

III. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Define :
1) Atomic mass
2) Relative atomic mass
3) Gram molecular mass
4) Mole
5) Valency of an element
Answer:

1. Atomic mass: The mass of an atom of a chemical element is expressed in atomic mass units. It is approximately equivalent to the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom (the mass number) or to the average number allowing for the relative abundance of different isotopes.

2. Relative atomic mass: The ratio of the average mass of one atom of an element to one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 is the relative atomic mass.

3. Gram molecular mass: A mass in grams numerically equal to the molecular weight of a substance or the sum of all the atomic masses in its molecular formula.

4. Mole: Mole is the amount of pure substance containing the same number of chemical units as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12 (ie 6.023 x 1023)

5. Valency of elements: Valley of elements is a measure of its combining power with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules.

Question 2.
Calculate the percentage composition of Carbon and Oxygen in  CO₂ , (given atomic masses : Carbon = 12 and Oxygen = 16).
Answer:
Mass of carbon dioxide [CO₂]
= 1 (C) + 2(0)
= 1(12) + 2(16)
= 12 + 32 = 44
% mass of carbon = \(\frac { 12 }{ 44 } \) × 100 = 21.3%
% mass of oxygen = \(\frac { 32 }{ 44 }\) × 100 = 72.7%

Question 3.
A student has a piece of copper sulfate (CuSO₄) crystal. Explain the method of calculating the number of CuSO₄  molecules in that crystal. (Given atomic masses : Copper = 40, Sulfur = 32 and Oxygen = 16)
Answer:
Molecular formula of copper sulfate = CuSO₄    
Gram molecular mass of CuSO₄ = 40+32 + (16 × 4) = 72 + 64 = 136 grams
Gram molecular mass of CuSO₄ = 1 mole = 6.023 × 10²³ molecules
If the students has 136 grams of CuSO₄  then the number of molecules in that crystal will be 6.023 × 10²³

Question 4.
CaC03 \(\xrightarrow { heat }\) CaO + CO₂ ↑
From the above equation, calculate the amount of carbon dioxide in grams liberated by heating 25 g of calcium carbonate.
Answer:
CaCO₃\(\xrightarrow { heat }\) CaO + CO_{2 ↑}
(40 × 1)+(1 × 12) + (16 × 3) → (40 + 1) + (16 × 1) + (12 × 1) + (16 × 2) 40 + 12+48 → (40 + 16) + (12 + 32)
100 gms of CaCO₃ → 56 gm of CaO + 44 gms of CO₂
When 100 gms of CaCO₃ is heated 44 gms of CO₂ is liberated.
Therefore when 25 gms of CaCO₃ is heated the amount of CO₂ liberated = 11 gms

KSEEB Class 8 Science Chapter 4 Additional Questions & Answers

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

Question 1.
Modem standard for measuring atomic mass is \(\frac { 1 }{ 12 } \) mass of ………… isotope
Answer:
₆C¹²

Question 2:
The average atomic mass of chlorine is …………
Answer:
35

Question 3.
The molecular mass of water is …………
Answer:
18

Question 4.
Gram molecular volume of a gas at STP ………….. liter.
Answer:
22.4

II. Answer the following :

Question 1.
A student writes “preparation of CO₂ in the laboratory in his book. From the point of view of chemistry, what is the mistake made in writing?
Answer:
From the point of view of the mole concept, he/she should have written how many moles of CO₂ he/she is going to prepare.

III. Match the following:

Answer:

1. (f)
2. (a)
3. (d)
4. (e)

IV. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Define atomic mass unit (a.m.u)
Answer:
one-twelth of mass of the atom ₆C¹² isotope is taken as a standard to compare the mass of other atoms and molecules this unit is called atomic mass unit.

Question 2.
How much is one a.m.u?
Answer:
One a.m.u = 1.66 x 10-²⁴ g
= 1.66 x 10-²⁷ kg
\(\frac { 1 }{ 12 } \) of the mass of one atom of carbon
6^C12 is one a. m. u. (Atomic Mass Unit)
i.e. 1.66 × 10-²⁴ g

Question 3.
What is meant by relative atomic mass of an element?
Answer:
The relative atomic mass of an element is the ratio of the mass an atom of the element to
one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon 6 c

Question 4.
What is meant by the relative molecular mass of a substance?
Answer:
The relative molecular mass of a substance is the ratio of the mass of a molecule of
the substance to \(\frac { 1 }{ 12 } \) the mass of an atom of Carbon ₆C¹² isotope.

Question 5.
Write the relative atomic masses of some elements.

Element	Symbol	Relative mass
Aluminum	Al	26.98
Calcium	Ca	40.08
Carbon	C	12.01
Chlorine	Cl	35.45
Hydrogen	H	1.008
Magnesium	Mg	24.31
Nitrogen	N	14.01
Oxygen	0	15.99
Silver	Ag	107.57

Question 6.
Calculate the relative molecular mass of carbon dioxide.
Answer:
Molecular formula of carbon dioxide =CO₂
Atomic mass of Carbon = 12
Atomic mass of Oxygen = 16
1 × atomic mass of carbon + 2 × atomic mass of oxygen.
= (1 × 12) +(2 × 16) = 44
Hence relative molecular mass of carbon dioxide = 44.

Question 7.
What is meant by gram atomic mass? Give example.
Ans. Gram atomic mass of an element is its relative atomic mass expressed in grams
Ex :
(1)The gram atomic mass of a hydrogen atom is 1. 008 g.
(2) The gram atomic mass of an oxygen atom is 16 g.

Question 8.
What is meant by gram molecular mass ? Give an example.
Answer:
Gram molecular mass of a substance is its relative molecular mass expressed in gram’s
Ex :
1. The gram molecular mass of hydrogen is 2 g
2. The gram molecular mass of chlorine is 71 g.

Question 9.
Write the molecular mass of some substances.
Answer:

Question 10.
What is meant by a mole? Explain.
Answer:
A ‘mole’ represents a collection of 6.023 × 10²³ atoms or molecules. A “mole” represents the number of atoms or molecules in 22.4 liters of any gas at standard temperature and pressure.
The volume 22.4 liters is also called gram molecular volume. A ‘mole’ is equal to 6.023 × 10²³ atoms or molecules. This is also called Avogadro’s number and is represented by ‘N’.

Question 11.
Mention the signification of mole.
Answer:
Signification mole
(1) mole concept gives us a method of calculating the number of atoms present in a given mass of a substance.
(2) It helps in the calculation of the ratio of reactions consumed and products formed quantitatively.

Question 12.
To prepare one gram of hydrogen molecules using hydro caloric acid how many grams of zinc should be taken?
Answer:
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂+H₂ ↑
Gram atomic mass of zinc is = 65 g and Gram molecular mass of Hydrogen = 2 g From the above equation we can understand that 65 g of zinc gives 2 g of hydrogen molecules. To prepare 1 g of hydrogen molecules we need 32.5 g of zinc.

Question 13.
What are inert gases or noble gases? Give example.
Answer:
Some elements do not have the tendency to react with other elements to form compounds. They are called inert gases or noble gases.
Ex: Helium, Neon, Argon.
[Zero valency elements] or [Inner gases]

Question 14.
What is meant by valency? Give an example.
Answer:
Valency can be considered as the Combining capacity of an element.
Ex:

Elements	Symbol
Oxygen	2
Sodium	1
Silicon	2
Nitrogen	5
Sulfur	2

Question 15.
What is meant by variable valency?
Answer:
The same element may exhibit different valencies in different compounds and this property is called as variable valency.
Ex: Iron has 2 valencies.
Ferric has 3 valencies It is because the number of electrons from the iron atoms which participate in the chemical reaction will be either 2 or 3 depending upon conditions.

Question 16.
Write the common features of the Noble gases?
Answer:

1. Octet configuration
2. Zero valency
3. Inner in nature
4. Chemically stable
5. No free electrons are available for chemical process

KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Science

Karnataka Board Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Our Environment

KSEEB Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Textual Questions & Answers

I. Four alternatives are given to each of the following incomplete statements. Choose the right answer.

Question 1.
Fill in the box with an appropriate organism.
Grass → ____________ → Frog→ Snake → Eagle
(a) deer
(b) lizard
(c) grasshopper
(d) rat
Answer:
(c) grasshopper

Question 2.
One of these is a decomposer.
(a) fungi
(b) algae
(c) protozoa
(d) insect
Answer:
(a) fungi

II. Fill In The Blanks With Suitable Words:

Question 1.
The crust of the Earth is called ……….
Answer:
Lithosphere

Question 2.
The basic unit of study in the environment is ……….
Answer:
Organism

Question 3.
A group of individuals belonging to the same species is ……….
Answer:
Population

Question 4.
Different kinds of the ecosystem together constitute ………….
Answer:
Biosphere

Question 5.
In a parasitic food chain, the pyramid of the number will be ……….
Answer:
inverted.

III. Answer the following:

Question 1.
List the factors which have made life to exist on the Earth.
Answer:
The factors which have made the life to exist on the earth are as follow

1. The presence of water has some unique physical and chemical properties that are essential for supporting life’s existence.
2. As the photosynthetic algae appeared on earth the oxygen concentration increased which is ideal for the other life forms.
3. An atmosphere which is a mixture of gases water vapour to support and Sustain life.
4. Lithosphere allows life to flourish unlike the barren surface of other plants.

Question 2.
Define the following
1. Lithosphere
2. Population
3. Biotic community
4. Food web
5.Tropic level

Answer:

1. Lithosphere: The surface or crust of the earth is called the lithosphere. It accompanies the mountains, ocean floors, and the plane lands.
2. Population:  A collection of individuals belonging to the same species occupying a given area at a given time is called population.
3. Biotic community: The living components are called biotic components.
   Eg: plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi.
4. Food web: Since most organisms feed on more than one kind of food item. Every organism at even tropic level becomes linked to several food chains at the same time. A complex network of interconnected food chains forming a food web.
5. Tropic level: Representation of the different levels of feeding in the ecosystem is described as tropic levels.

Question 3.
What is an ecosystem?
Answer:
An interaction between living and non-living components is known as the ecosystem.

Question 4.
Why is the use of DDT not advisable.
Answer:
The indiscriminate use of DDT has resulted in biomagnification in the tropic level. A gradual increase in the concentration of DDT is has been detected in the tissues of small fishes; predatory birds and also in mother’s milk, therefore it is not advisable to use DDT.

Question 5.
Construct a simple food chain.
Answer:
Grass → deer → tiger

Question 6.
What may happen if all herbivores arc killed in a tern trial ecosystem?
Answer:
If all the herbivores are killed the number of producers will increase and the secondary and tertiary consumers will die of starvation, Thus the nutritional relationship ‘eating and being eaten’ will be unstable.

Question 7.
In any food chain tropic level – 1 is occupied by green plants. Give reason.
Answer:
The first trophic level of the food chain is always occupied by green plants which are termed to be producers. This is because producers directly absorb sunlight, the abiotic factor, and fix it into the food chain. This energy is transferred to organisms in other trophic levels of the food chain.

KSEEB Class 8 Science Chapter 2 Additional Questions & Answers

Question 1.
Explain the formation of the earth.
Answer:
When the earth was formed about 4.8 billion of years ago. Earth was a hot revolving ball of gas. The extremely high temperature and the dry climate of the earliest earth would have made it impossible for the life to appear and exist. The first multicellular organisms appeared about 1.4 billion years ago. These organisms and the other forms of life which evolved from them could survive when the condition on earth began to stabilize gradually.

Question 2.
What is hydrosphere?
Answer:
The surface of the earth is covered by water. This part of the earth is called hydrosphere.

Question 3.
Water has some unique physical ‘and chemical properties seen in other substances. Which are essential for supporting life’s existence. What are they?
Answer:

1. Water requires a considerable amount of energy to get heated up and also to get converted from a liquid state into a gaseous state. On a very hot day, water bodies help maintain atmosphere temperature cool by absorbing heat from the sun. When the sun” sets. The heat which water has absorbed is returned to the atmosphere, as water evaporates. Such regulation is crucial for the survival of living organisms.
2. Water has a high resistance to sudden changes in temperature and this feature makes water an excellent habitat for most organisms.
3. At 4° water can expand on cooling or heating this feature ensures that all the water in a water body will be close to 0° c before any freezing can occur.
4. The high surface tension of water and its tendency to expand on freezing helps in the weathering of rocks. 1 ending to soil formation.

Question 4.
Explain How did friendly atmosphere evolve on the earth?
Answer:
Atmosphere of the earth at its beginning was rich in carbon dioxide and oxygen content was very less. As photosynthetic algae appeared on earth oxygen concentration increased resulting in a shift from reducing the type of atmosphere to an oxidizing type Gradually atmosphere reached its present composition. Which is ideally suited for humans and other forms of life?

Question 5.
What is Lithosphere?
Answer:
The Surface or crust of the earth is called the lithosphere.

Question 6.
What is the biosphere?
Answer:
The hydrosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere of the earth together constitute the biosphere. It is the sum total of all organisms and their places of living.

Question 7.
What is ecology?
Answer:
The Scientific studies which enable us to understand the totality and pattern of the relations between organisms and their environment is called ecology.

Question 8.
What are the basic laws of ecology?
Answer:
The basic laws of ecology are.

1. We can never continue to do anything in nature.
2. In nature, everything is connected to everything else.

Question 9.
Write the levels of organization in nature.
Answer:
The level of organization in nature is Species → Population → biotic community → ecosystem → biosphere.

Question 10.
Define the following terms.
1. Organism
2. Species
3. Population
4. Biotic components
5. Ecosystem
6. biotic components.
Answer:

1. Organism:  Any form of life can be called an organism.
2. Species: Species is a group of similar organisms sharing common genetic structure and capable of breeding among themselves.
3. Population:  A collection of individuals belonging to the same species occupying a given area at a given time is called population.
4. Biotic components:  The living components are called biotic components.
   Eg: plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi.
5. Ecosystem:  An interaction between living and non-living components is known as the ecosystem.
6. biotic component:  The non¬living components are called as biotic components.
   Eg: Air, water, land, sun, light

Question 11.
Name the types of ecosystems.
Answer:
Natural ecosystem can be broadly classified into two types. They are ;

1. aquatic ecosystem
2. terrestrial ecosystem.

Question 12.
List a few examples of the man-made ecosystem.
Answer:
Aquarium, Garden, Terrace Garden, zoological park.

Question 13.
What is meant by a food chain? write any two food chains.
Answer:
The kind of nutritional relationship where the food energy is getting transferred from one tropic level to another is called a food chain.
Eg:
1. Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake.
2. Algae → Insect large → fishes → Aquatic birds.
3. Grass → Rabbit → Wolf.

Question 14.
What is meant by grazing or herbivorous food chain?
Answer:
The food chain in which the primary consumers are plant-eating animals is called grazing or herbivorous food chain. This is also called a predatory food chain.
Ex: Grass → deer→ tiger.
Grass → Rabbit → wolf.

Question 15.
What is a detritivorous food chain? give example.
Answer:
The food chain in which, the primary consumers are a detrivore is called a detritivorous food chain.
Ex: Fallen leaves → termites → birds.

Question 16.
What is meant by the parasitic food chain? give example.
Answer:
The food chain in which the transfer of food energy occurs through a series of parasites at each trophic level is called the parasitic food chain.
Ex: Tree → birds → lice → protozoans.

Question 17.
Ants, termites are called detrivore why?
Answer:
Ants, termites, earthworms are called detrivores because they feed on detritus.

Question 18.
Define the food web? draw a simple food web.
Ans. A complex network of interconnected food chains forming a food web.

Question 19.
How does food become energy in an organism?
Answer:
Various organisms found in an ecosystem are constantly growing, reproducing, dying, and decaying. They need energy for all their activities. When organisms consume food the carbohydrates in their food become the source of energy. This energy their food becomes the source of energy. This energy is released as you are aware through a process called respiration. It makes the stored energy in the carbohydrates available for biological work.

Question 20.
Which is the main source of energy for all ecosystem?
Answer:
The main source of energy for all ecosystems is solar energy.

Question 21.
Draw a food chain with five tropic levels.
Answer:

Question 22.
Draw a picture of energy flow in nature.
Answer:

Question 23.
Define ecological pyramids?
Answer:
The graphical representation of the relationship between the energy number of individuals and their biomass at each tropic level in the form of a pyramid are called ecological pyramids.

Question 24.
Define the following.
1. Pyramid of numbers
2. Pyramid of biomass
3. Pyramid of energy
Answer:

1. Pyramid of biomass: A Pyramid constructed in the view of biomass, which is the dry weight of all the matter in the organisms at a tropic level is called the pyramid of biomass.
2.  Pyramid of numbers: A Pyramid constructed based on the number of individuals occupying a given tropic level at a given period of time is called the pyramid of numbers.
3.  Pyramid of energy: A Pyramid constructed on the basis of the amount of energy fixed at each level is called the pyramid of energy.

Question 25.
Draw a graphical representation of an upright pyramid of number
Answer:

Question 26.
Draw an Inverted pyramid of numbers.
Answer:

Question 27.
The pyramid of energy will be always upright. Give reason
Answer:
In any ecosystem. For any food chain, the pyramid of energy. Will be always upright because the amount of usable energy available at each trophic level is about 10% of the energy that was available at the previous tropic level.

Question 28.
What is meant by biomagnification?
Answer:
An increase in the concentration of a toxic substance or a pollutant, with every link in the food chain, is called biomagnification.

Question 29.
Why is the use of DDT not advisable?
Answer:
The indiscriminate use of DDT has resulted in biomagnification in the tropic level. A gradual increase in the concentration of DDT is has been detected in the tissues of small fishes; predatory birds and also in mother’s milk, therefore it is not advisable to use DDT. It is a non-biodegradable substance. DDT is chemically called Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane

KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Science

Karnataka Board Class 8 Science Chapter 7 The World of Microbes

KSEEB Class 8 Science Chapter 7 Textual Questions & Answers

I. Four alternatives are given to each of the following incomplete statements. Choose the right answer.

Question 1.
One of the following does not belong to the group
(1) Aspergillus Niger
(2) Clostridium tetani
(3) Staphylococcus aureus
(4) Vibrio cholera.
Answer:
1. Aspergillus Niger

Question 2.
The locomotory structure of amoeba is
(a) cilia
(b) flagella
(c) pseudopodia
(d) tentacle
Answer:
pseudopodia

Question 3.
Chlorophyll is present in.
(a) Chlamydomonas
(b) Mushroom
(c) Yeast
(d) Aspergillus
Answer:
Chlamydomonas

II. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
……………….. was considered the father of microbiology.
Answer:
Louis Pasteur

Question 2.
Malaria is caused by ……………
Answer :
Plasmodium

Question 3.
Vibrio is ……………. shaped bacteria.
Answer:
comma.

III. Answer the following:

Question 1.
What are micro-organisms?
Answer:
The organisms which cannot be seen with our naked eyes are called microorganisms.

Question 2.
Explain the structure of a typical bacillus.
Answer:
A bacterium is a prokaryotic cell that has an outermost layer called a cell wall and an inner cell membrane called the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane encloses the cytoplasm which contains the genetic material of a bacterium that is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane. There is a layer external to the cell wall called the capsule the capsule will be thicker if it is pathogenic (disease-causing bacteria). In addition, the bacterial cells have flagella which help in movement.

Question 3.
Draw a diagram of a typical bacillus and label the parts.

Question 4.
How can the transmission of cholera be prevented?
Answer:
Cholera can be prevented by

1. Avoid being close to infected people
2. Do not touch the nose and eye with contaminated hands.

Question 5.
What are the vaccines?
Answer:
A Vaccine is an agent that resembles a disease-causing micro-organism which is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe or its toxins by the immunity is developed against a particular disease.

KSEEB Class 8 Science Chapter 7 Additional Questions & Answers

Question 1.
What are micro-organisms? Give example.
Answer:
The organisms which cannot be seen with our naked eyes are called microorganisms.
Ex: Virus, Bacteria, unicellular organisms.

Question 2.
What is oil immersion?
Answer:
Oil immersion is a technique used to increase the resolution of a microscope

Question 3.
Who established the theory of biogenesis?
Answer:
Louis Pasteur established the theory of biogenesis.

Question 4.
Name the different shapes of bacteria.
Answer:
The different shapes of bacteria are
Bacillus – Rod-shaped bacteria
Cocci – Spherical shaped bacteria
Vibrio – Comma shaped bacteria
Spirilli – Spirally coiled shaped bacteria.

Question 5.
What is meant by bacteriophage?
Answer:
A group of viruses which infect bacteria. These are called bacteriophages. Bacteriophage is a virus.

Question 6.
Draw a neat labelled diagram of bacteriophage.

Question 7.
Explain the structure of bacteriophage.
Answer:
A bacteriophage has a head region containing the genetic material. The genetic material of a bacteriophage is DNA. The collar region contains a protein sheath.

Question 8.
Draw a neat labelled diagram Amoeba.
Answer:

Question 9.
Explain the structure of amoeba.
Answer:
Amoeba is included under the kingdom Protista. It is a protozoan. Amoeba has an external membrane called the cell membrane organelles like mitochondria and vacuole is found in the cytoplasm. The cell membrane allows materials to diffuse in and out of the cell.
Amoeba moves with the help of pseudopodia food are digested in the food vacuole contractile vacuole helps in excreting excess water and wastes.

Question 10.
Draw a neat labelled diagram of Chlamydomonas.
Ans.

Question 11.
Explain the structure of Chlamydomonas.
Answer:
Chlamydomonas is a unicellular free-living algae. The cell is oval in shape and surrounded by a definite cell wall made up of cellulose. The cell has a large cup-shaped chloroplast the cytoplasm contains the organelle like mitochondria Golgi complex contractile vacuoles etc. It moves with help of flagella.

Question 12.
List the uses of microorganisms.
Answer:3

Uses of Microorganisms are,

1. Microorganisms are used in food industry leather industry dairy industry pharmaceuticals.
2. They are used in water treatment plants and even in sewage treatment.
3. They play a very important role in agriculture.
4. They are also important for the decomposition of dead decaying substances.

Question 13.
Write short on harmful microorganisms.
Answer:

Some microorganisms are harmful too.

1. They Spoil food
2. They also cause diseases in plants and animals

Question 14.
Mention the symptoms of Influenza. How is it caused? What is made of transmission?
Answer:

1. Influenza is caused by the influenza virus
2. It is spread through Air, Contaminated handkerchiefs.
3. The symptoms are chills, fever, sore, throat, cough, muscle pains, severe headache.

Question 15.
Mention the symptoms of cholera. How did it cause? What is made of transmission?
Answer:

1. Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholera
2. It is spread through contaminated water and food
3. The symptoms are vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, stomach pain.

Question 16.
Mention the symptoms of Malaria. How is it caused? What is made of transmission?
Answer:

1. Malaria is caused by plasmodium viva x.
2. It is spread through the bite of female anopheles mosquitoes.
3. The symptoms are recurring fever, chills, headache, muscle pain, tiredness, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting.

Question 17.
What are the symptoms of Aspergillosis? How is it caused? What is made of transmission?
Answer:

1. Aspergillosis is caused by Aspergillus Niger
2. It is spread by inhaling spores of aspergillus Niger
3. The symptoms are cough, fever, chest pain, and difficulty in breathing.

KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Science